杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响     

赵光磊  陈耀锋  万群芳  张玉东  陈瑞萍  曹春波 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(6):58-62

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势；在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...  相似文献   

Shift of grain protein composition in bread wheat under summer drought events     

《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(1):49-55

Climate change bears the risk of more frequent drought stress in the northern hemisphere with more frequent early summer drought events affecting main grain crops. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is susceptible for such drought events at the flowering and grain filling stages. After drought, the grain yield decrease of three hybrids was about 20% lower compared to three wheat lines analyzed. Wheat grain proteins are classified into four main components such as albumin and globulin, gliadin, and glutenin. The latter two are closely related to the baking quality of flour and might be affected by drought. However, detailed knowledge about the influence of drought on the synthesis of specific storage protein fractions is scarce. By analyzing the grain protein fractions by means of SDS‐PAGE technique, we detected an increase in grain protein content as well as in HMW and some LMW glutenin sub‐fractions. The glutenin fraction seems to be most variable in gene expression under different environmental scenarios such as drought. However, the protein yield as well as the grain yield may be strongly decreased, which might be not acceptable in practice.  相似文献   

Effect of strain on duck breast meat quality     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(3):401-407

Duck meat consumption is low but steady in the United States (US), while rapidly expanding in other countries. The duck industry is moving from a traditional whole carcass product towards deboned breast fillets and other portions, which has prompted strain selection for breast weight and yield. The effect of bird strain was therefore evaluated for fillet weight, yield, and breast meat quality characteristics. Eighty butterflied paired fillets were obtained from each of 4 Pekin duck strains after carcasses were sized by weight at the processing plant (n = 640). All fillets were weighed and then half of the fillets were evaluated for color. One fillet from each carcass-pair was either frozen or kept fresh for cooking, reweighing, and subsequent color analysis (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) lightness L*, redness a*, and yellowness b*). Both fillets in each carcass-pair were evaluated using Allo–Kramer (AK) and Warner–Bratzler (WB) shear. Strain affected (P < 0.05) raw and cooked fillet weight. Strain C, with the largest BW and selected for both breast yield and growth rate, had higher raw and cooked breast weight. Cooked yield was not affected by strain and averaged 64.4%. Neither AK nor WB shear values were affected by strain, and averaged 4.8 kg/g and 4.2 kg, respectively. Strain had a slight but significant effect on color, affecting lightness (L*) values of all categories, and redness (a*) values of raw and cooked meat. Freezing and thawing produced large and significant thaw losses ranging from 10.4 to 13.6%; differing losses depended on the strain of duck. Duck strain affected breast fillet weights and lightness to a slight extent, but not cook yield or shear values.  相似文献   

中原经济区建设中农村人口有序转移的政府责任研究     

古桂琴 《安徽农业科学》2012,(12)

以当前国家主体功能区划分背景下中原经济区建设为背景,在对中原经济区建设中农村人口有序转移进行研究的基础上,提出了各级政府部门推动农村人口有序转移的对策建议。  相似文献   

外源添加物强化中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣酶解过程的研究     

欧阳嘉  李鑫  陈牧  连之娜 《林产化学与工业》2012,32(4):5-9

以中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣为研究对象,考察了不同外源添加物对酶解工艺的辅助作用和影响机制。研究结果表明,采用中温碱抽提玉米秸秆可以脱除50.02%木质素,添加PEG6000辅助水解作用明显。当纤维素底物质量浓度40 g/L,酶用量在纤维素酶(Celluclast 1.5 L)15 FPIU/g和纤维二糖酶(Novozyme 188)30 BU/g水解48 h,添加PEG6000 4.0 g/L葡萄糖得率73.51%,酶解率84.51%,较未添加样品上升幅度分别达到26.2%和27.1%。添加PEG不仅可以减轻酶蛋白和碱抽提玉米秸秆渣的吸附,提高酶在液相中的分配,对纤维素酶活力和稳定性也具有显著的促进作用。PEG存在下纤维素酶1.5 L的滤纸酶活提高34.1%,稳定性提高57.3%。  相似文献   

千粒重对小麦品种产量的影响     

伊里哈木·依拉里丁  阿依别克·热合木都拉  阿达来提·艾力肯 《现代农业科技》2013,(10)

为减少化肥的施用量,降低小麦生产成本,提出通过提高千粒重增加小麦产量。分析千粒重的形成特点、亲本的经济系数,在此基础上,提出增加千粒重的方法,以为小麦增产提供指导。  相似文献   

Effects of different plastic film mulching cultivation models on yield,water use efficiency and quality of maize     

LI Shang-zhong  FAN Ting-lu  ZHAO Hui  LI Cheng-de  ZHAO Gui-bin  ZHAO Gang  DANG Yi  WANG Lei  ZHANG Jian-jun  TANG Xiao-ming  WANG Shu-ying  CHENG Wan-li 《草业学报》2008,29(10):182

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Effect of thinning flower buds on fruit and seed traits and root yield of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer     

Sheng-Qun Liu  Yue-Ying RenHai-Bo Xu 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(3):559-565

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, commonly known as ginseng, is a perennial herb. Agricultural practices have an influence on growth and yield of P. ginseng plants. Effect of thinning flower buds (treatment A (TA) the outermost whorl of flower buds in the umbels was retained while all other buds were excised; treatment B (TB) the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels) on fruit traits, which include number of fruits per plant, single fruit: double fruit ratio, fruit weigh (FW) per square meter, weight of 100 fruits, vertical length of fruit (VLF), horizontal diameter of the fruit (HFD) and thickness of the fruit (TF), seed traits, which include number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, number of different seed grading categories (extremely large seeds (ELS), large seeds (LS), medium-sized seeds (MS), small seeds (SS)) per square meter, vertical length of the seed (VLS), horizontal diameter of the seed (HSD), thickness of the seed (TS), and the root yield and total ginsenosides content of root of four- and five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng was studied in Fusong region of north-eastern China. The results showed that the FW and VLF, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of ELS per square meter, VLS and HDS of ELS, HDS and TS of MS and root yield were increased significantly by TA and TB (p < 0.05), whereas the number of MS and SS were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in four- and five-year-old plants. The number of ELS and LS in TB and control were higher than that of in TA, and not significant was observed between TB and control. The root yield in TB was significantly higher than that in control of five-year-old plants. Number of the seeds per square meter of five-year-old plants was higher than that of four-year-old plants. The results indicated that the method of thinning flower buds, which was the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels, on five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng plants was a favourable method to promote the production of high-quality seeds and maximise the root yield.  相似文献   

Long‐Term Field Drought Affects Leaf Protein Pattern and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Winter Wheat in a Cultivar‐Specific Manner     

V. Vassileva  K. Demirevska  L. Simova‐Stoilova  T. Petrova  N. Tsenov  U. Feller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(2):104-117

Recurrent drought periods of varying duration often cause extensive crop damage and affect wheat production in Southern Europe. This study compares biochemical and ultrastructural responses of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to long‐term field drought, and their contribution to final grain yield. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analyses combined with transmission electron microscopy and grain yield evaluation were employed to assess drought susceptibility of the wheat cultivars. Two of them behaved as drought‐tolerant, the other two presented as drought sensitive. Enhanced degradation of Rubisco large subunit (RLS), Rubisco small subunit (RSS) and Rubisco activase (RA) accompanied by an increased protease activity and reduced levels of heat shock proteins (HSP70) and dehydrins (DHNs) were associated with drought sensitivity. Drought tolerance coincided with relatively stable or increased HSP70 and DHN contents, and unchanged/higher levels of RLS, RSS and RA. Sensitive cultivars were more vulnerable to ultrastructural damages, showing obvious degradation of chloroplast membrane systems and depletion of leaf starch reserves. These drought responses affected yield potential, as tolerant cultivars gave higher yield under intense drought. Thus, our results provide additional insights into the complexity of plant drought responses, identifying multiple interacting traits that may serve as indirect selection criteria for wheat drought tolerance.  相似文献   

施肥量和施肥方式对人工混播草地产草量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

莫本田  罗天琼  韩永芬 《草业学报》2000,17(4):13-16

采用裂区试验设计探讨了施肥量和施肥方式两个因素对以苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草为主的人工混播草地产草量的影响,结果表明:随着施肥量增加,鲜草产量明显提高,不同施肥量处理间产量差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);随着基肥比例的增大,追肥比例的减少,鲜草产量反而降低,不同基肥比例处理间产量差异也达极显著水平(P<0.01).另外,相同氮肥量条件下3种施用方式处理与相应的鲜草产量间都成直线关系(r5:5=0.9771**,r6:4=0.9630**,r7:3=0.9643**).  相似文献