松嫩草原火干扰状况研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周道玮  郭平 《草业学报》1998,7(3):8-13

松嫩草原自然状态下火周期为４年，最易着火的季节—时间是每年４月和１０月，以４月份最为敏感。松嫩草原火提高的地下０．５ｃｍ处土壤温度与燃掉的可燃物量成直线正相关。燃烧指数以每年的４月份最高，大于６０，形成炙热速进火。草原火管理工作中，应着重加强对每年４月份的警戒。  相似文献   

Influence of light intensity on feeding, growth, and early survival of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) larvae under mass-scale rearing conditions     

Kenzo Yoseda  Kazuhisa Yamamoto  Kimio Asami  Masayuki Chimura  Koji Hashimoto  Shinichi Kosaka 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):55-62

This study investigated the effect of different light intensities on feeding, growth and survival of early stage leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus larvae. Four different light intensities (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 lx) were used and larvae were kept under constant light conditions from 0 day after hatching (DAH) to 5 DAH. The larvae were fed a small S-type of Thai strain rotifers at a density of 20 individuals/mL from 2 DAH. The number of rotifers in larval digestive organ and total length of larvae were examined at 3 h intervals between 04:00 and 22:00 h on 3 DAH, and thereafter at 6 h intervals until the end of the experiment (5 DAH). Four experimental trials of the larval rearing were repeated using by 60 kL mass-scale rearing tanks. The results indicate that coral grouper larvae are visual feeders and their food intake increases with increasing light intensity. Food intake of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly higher than those reared at 0–1000 lx on 3 DAH despite being the first-feeding day (P < 0.01). On 4 DAH, total length of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly larger than those reared at the lower light intensities (0, 500 and 1000 lx), and thereafter light intensity significantly influenced larval feeding and growth until the end of the experiment. Survival on 5 DAH did not show a significant difference between light intensities, but survival rate at 3000 lx and 1000 lx had a tendency to be higher than those reared at the lower light intensities (0 and 500 lx). In contrast, larvae reared at 0 lx exhibited stagnant and/or negative growth. These results indicate that light intensity is significantly the factor affecting larval feeding, growth, and survival in coral grouper larvae under the rearing conditions.  相似文献   

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安立娜  范凡  杨小凡  李梦瑶  刘小侠  魏国树 《植物保护学报》2019,46(5):971-979

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响          下载免费PDF全文

成建国  马力通  赵文渊  刘云颖 《水生态学杂志》2022,43(2):70-76

浮丝藻(Planktothrix) 是一种在我国水域中普遍存在, 可以引起蓝藻水华的水华藻之一,其代谢生成的二-甲基异莰醇 (2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB) 可导致水体产生令人厌恶的嗅和味,从而使饮用水感官质量下降。本文探讨了温度 (15-30℃),BG11营养盐浓度 (20-100% (w/v))和光照强度 (1000-4000 Lux)对分离于巢湖的浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.) FACHB-1372生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量的影响。研究结果表明在所述实验条件范围内,温度对浮丝藻生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著。25 ℃是浮丝藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10_⁵ cell?ml_^-1,30 ℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量最高分别可达3.64×10_³ ng?L_^-1和2.78×10_³ ng?L_^-1；其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,但实验发现低浓度营养盐时,胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌；光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,强光照可促进2-MIB胞外释放,4000 Lux时其胞外2-MIB分泌量达最高。最后,依据实验结果为控制和预警浮丝藻过渡繁殖和嗅味物质释放提出了应对方法。  相似文献   

农用柴油发动机噪声污染分析     

王翠艳  孙祎英 《农机化研究》2009,31(9)

柴油发动机广泛应用于各类农业机械中,由其带来的噪声污染也日益严重.为研究柴油机的整机噪声,利用声强测试技术中的p-p法,对某型农用六缸柴油发动机进行实测.通过对发动机各包络面上声强分布和声功率测试结果的分析,确定了其噪声源的位置、声功率的大小、主要噪声频率及整机辐射强度,为控制柴油发动机噪声污染提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF STRESS FIELD NEAR CRACK TIP BASED ON ELECTRIC SATURATION MODEL     

Dai Longchao  Wang Xinwei 《勤云标准版测试》2008,(3)

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作物灌水量随机模拟研究     

宰松梅  温季  郭冬冬  丁铁山 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(5)

针对降雨、蒸发蒸腾量的随机性,在制定作物灌溉计划时,将降雨、蒸发蒸腾量进行随机化处理,采用基于时间序列的随机水文学方法对降雨和蒸发过程进行了模拟,将随机模拟出的降水、蒸发蒸腾结果代入水量平衡方程,从而确定灌溉时间和灌水量。经过和实测序列进行对比,模拟值和实际值拟合较好,最大误差仅为4.74%,可为科学制定作物灌溉计划提供参考。  相似文献   

Management of Grazing Intensity in the Semi‐Arid Rangelands of Southern Australia: Effects on Soil and Biodiversity     

《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(4):1363-1375

Overgrazing contributes to rangeland degradation altering plant community composition, erosion and biodiversity. Little unanimity in the literature exists on the effects of livestock grazing on soil carbon and biodiversity, in part, due to uncontrolled grazing pressure from native and feral animals. Paired paddock contrasts at three, long‐term (>8 years) study locations in the southern Australian rangelands were used to examine the effects of managing grazing intensity through the use of exclusion fencing and rotational grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (TN), ground cover and biodiversity (flora and invertebrates). Grazing management had no effect on SOC or TN on grey soils (Vertisols), but for red soils (Lixisols), significantly higher levels of SOC were found for both the 0 to 5 and 5 to 10‐cm soil depths (0·3% and 0·27% respectively) and associated with increased TN. We found strong and consistent relationships among SOC and higher perennial (p < 0·001), higher litter (p < 0·05) cover and close proximity to trees (p < 0·05). Managing grazing intensity resulted in significantly higher perennial ground cover (p < 0·001) on Vertisols (8·9 to 11%) and Lixisols (12·5 to 15%) and higher plant diversity (both native and exotic) but negatively impacted invertebrate diversity, indicating trade‐offs between production and resources. We provide evidence that the effects of grazing management on SOC are mediated by ground cover and increased organic matter supply and/or reduced soil carbon redistribution (erosion), which indicates that the management of grazing intensity may provide a tool to avoid soil carbon loss in rangelands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用最小水分限制范围评价东北黑土区免耕和垄作的土壤水分稳定性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘淑珍  高伟达  任图生 《农业工程学报》2020,36(10):107-115

为明确耕作方式对黑土土壤水分稳定性的作用,提高黑土区雨养农业对气候变化的适应性,该研究基于黑土区长期免耕定位试验,利用最小水分限制范围(Least Limiting Water Range, LLWR)评价免耕(NT)和垄作(CT)管理下土壤含水率有效性及其变异特征。结果表明:1)在0～5、5～10、10～20和20～40 cm 4个土层中,NT处理显著降低了5～10 cm的LLWR,其他3个土层LLWR差异均不显著;2)在平水年(2014)、枯水年(2015)和丰水年(2016),NT管理下作物生育期内0～40 cm平均土壤含水率正常率分别为48%、72%和85%,年间变异系数为0.23;CT的土壤含水率正常率分别为56%、20%和51%,年间变异系数为0.38;3)在丰水年,NT与CT的平均有效储水量差值最小,NT比CT高8.95mm;在枯水年相差最大,NT的平均有效储水量比CT高13.99mm。因此,NT管理下土壤水分更稳定地分布在LLWR内,在极端降雨年份(枯水年和丰水年)优势尤其明显。  相似文献   

宁夏东部荒漠草原猪毛蒿光合特征和水分利用效率对降水变化的响应     

陈林  陈高路  宋乃平  李学斌  万红云  何文强 《草业学报》2022,31(10):87-98

荒漠草原植物的生长和生存受降水影响很大,本研究以宁夏东部荒漠草原猪毛蒿种群为研究对象,2017-2020年连续4年监测了降水改变条件下土壤水分特征,测定了猪毛蒿净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度等光合特征,并对其内禀水分利用效率和瞬时水分利用效率进行了分析。研究表明：4年中无效降水事件（<5 mm）发生次数较多,占当年降水频次的60.00%~82.54%;大雨（≥25 mm且≤49.9 mm）和暴雨等级（≥50 mm）降水事件较少,平均单次降水事件的降水量仅为3.3~6.5 mm·次^-1。不同处理各土层的土壤含水量存在较大差异,表层（10 cm）土壤含水量较次表层（20 cm）和深层（60 cm）的变幅大;次表层（20 cm）土壤平均含水量低于表层,与小降水事件发生频次较高无法入渗补给以及植物吸收消耗有关;深层（60 cm）土壤含水量变化小,较稳定。净光合速率随着光合有效辐射的增加而增大,当光合有效辐射在400~1600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,增雨处理提高了猪毛蒿的净光合速率;在光合有效辐射>1600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,猪毛蒿净光合速率有下降趋势,且增雨处理下降幅度最大。光合有效辐射在>400 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,胞间CO₂浓度呈直线下降,达到1600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,胞间CO₂浓度最小。蒸腾速率和气孔导度随着光照强度的增加未有显著变化,但增雨处理下猪毛蒿的蒸腾速率和气孔导度均大于其他处理。气孔限制值随着光合有效辐射的增加呈上升趋势,同时降水的增加减小了气孔限制值。猪毛蒿的内禀水分利用效率和瞬时水分利用效率均在较低的光照强度时（<400 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）随着光强的增加而迅速增大,之后增速减缓。各处理中猪毛蒿最大内禀水分利用效率和最大瞬时水分利用效率在1600~2000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时达到最大。随着干旱程度的增加,猪毛蒿最大水分利用效率对应的光照强度由2000减小至1600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。在荒漠草原,当光照强度>400 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,适度干旱提高了猪毛蒿的水分利用效率。  相似文献