Steam explosion of crop straws improves the characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment     

Xue-jiao CHEN  Qi-mei LIN  Muhammad Rizwan  Xiao-rong ZHAO  Gui-tong LI 《农业科学学报》2019,18(7):1486-1495

Five crop straws(wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210°C, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500°C for 2 h. Steam explosion(SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws. The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area(SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times. After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity(AEC)(6.88–11.44 cmol kg~(–1)) and point of zero net charges(PZNC)(pH 3.61–5.32) values. It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption. In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well. Further work is required for testing its application in soil.  相似文献   

Effects of superheated steam processing on common buckwheat grains: Lipase inactivation and its association with lipidomics profile during storage     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

Superheated steam (SS) at 170 °C for 5 min was used to inactivate lipase of common buckwheat grains in this study, which effectively retarded lipid hydrolytic rancidity and maintained lipid nutrition of common buckwheat. Higher stabilities based on lower free fatty acid accumulation and lipase activity were observed in SS-treated buckwheat samples during storage. Meanwhile, SS could suppress oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in buckwheat, significantly retard the increase of saturated fatty acids and the decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids during storage. Moreover, the lipidomics profile results indicated that SS processing could retard the increased hydrolysis and oxidation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidic acid during storage, while regulate the content of galactolipids. Thus, SS processing could effectively inactivate lipase, suppress UFA oxidation, change glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids subclass metabolism, and consequently retard hydrolytic rancidity and the loss of lipid nutrition in buckwheat during storage. SS processing was proved to effectively protect the quality of buckwheat during storage for the first time.  相似文献   

Improved BP Algorithm in Vibration Failure Diagosis of Steam Turbine-Generator Set     

LI Hu  SUN Cai xin  LIAO Rui jin  CHEN Wei gen  HU Xue song 《保鲜与加工》1999,(5):47-52

A failure diagnosis model of neural networks for the vibration failure feature of steam turbine-generator set is established on the basis of the improved BP algorithm ,and used for diagnosing practical generator set,the results of verification show that the method is effective.  相似文献   

大型海藻干燥技术研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江涛  黄一心  欧阳杰  朱烨 《渔业现代化》2017,44(6)

干燥是海藻储存、加工、生产的重要方法之一,不同的干燥方式对海藻脱水效率、能耗和品质影响很大。本文对藻类传统干燥和新型干燥技术的特点、研究及应用现状进行了分析。研究表明,太阳能干燥技术能够充分做到干燥过程中绿色、环保,与空气热泵构成组合干燥模式,可解决太阳能不连续的问题;过热蒸汽干燥效率高、能耗低,藻类干燥后复水性好;真空冷冻干燥产品品质好,能最大限度保持藻类的营养和功能性成分;远红外加热技术对海带进行干燥,与同风速的热风干燥相比,可显著缩短干燥时间,降低能耗;微波真空干燥技术干燥江蓠,在保持品质的基础上干燥时间较热风干燥减少70%。本文同时对藻类干燥技术与设备存在的问题进行了总结,对国内藻类干燥技术及装备的发展趋势进行了展望并提出了措施与建议。  相似文献   

湿热蒸汽处理木质材料温度动态监测研究     

李源河  宋怡  姚利宏  徐伟涛  张栋  张东彪 《林产工业》2021,58(4):1-5

作为一种替代溴甲烷熏蒸木材的技术,湿热蒸汽处理具有突出的环保性。试验通过智能换热站提供湿热蒸汽,设计了钢材框架悬挂耐高温气囊的试验装置,对原木、樟子松拼板、樟子松锯材和单板层积材进行湿热蒸汽处理,并对木材内部升温进行动态监测。利用温度记录仪收集了各温度监测点4 h内的温度实时数据,以及耐高温气囊内部的环境温度实时数据,对湿热蒸汽环境下木质材料不同位置的升温过程进行比较分析,结果表明:木质材料与湿热蒸汽的接触面积是影响其升温速率的关键因素;较大尺寸的木质材料升温速率更高;人造板材与天然木材升温速率基本相同。  相似文献   

香蕉低压过热蒸汽-真空组合干燥研究     

王瑞芳  王竟成  赵东海  徐庆  肖波  吕黄珍 《农业机械学报》2022,53(3):392-399

针对低压过热蒸汽干燥香蕉时高干燥速率与高品质难以同时保证的问题,提出了低压过热蒸汽-真空组合干燥方法,以提高干燥速率、降低物料温度,实现提高产品品质的目的.通过第一降速阶段和全阶段计算的香蕉逆转点温度分别为88.75℃和89.06℃.在高于逆转点的90℃进行低压过热蒸汽-真空组合干燥研究,结果表明:低压过热蒸汽-真空组...  相似文献   

海南白花含笑叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜金风  夏伟  闫浩  邵泰明  谢林祀  李义芳 《中国农学通报》2016,32(25):194-198

为了提取海南产白花含笑叶中的挥发油并对其成分进行分析,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了白花含笑叶中的挥发油,并用GC-MS方法对所提取的挥发油成分进行了分离测试。结果显示:从白花含笑叶的挥发油中鉴定出49种物质,占挥发油总成分的86.43%,其主要成分为(+)-1(10)-马兜铃烯(13.06%),桉叶醇(12.01%),榄香醇(9.76%),5,7-二乙基-5,6-癸二烯-3-炔(9.11%),以及2-苄基-4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑(7.57%)。研究结果明确了海南产白花含笑叶中挥发油的主要成分,为白花含笑在医药、林业和化工等各领域的进一步开发利用提供了基础理论依据。  相似文献   

600MW汽轮机单顺序阀切换时的异常分析及处理     

江广旭  于保国  孔庆民 《湖南农机》2016,(8)

某厂600MW汽轮机阀门控制方式由单阀切换为顺序阀控制时EH油压波动、轴承温度异常现象,无法切换为顺序阀方式运行。通过分析研究,修改阀门开启顺序、修改阀门特性曲线,机组已安全稳定的处于顺序阀控制方式下,取得了良好的经济效益。  相似文献   

甘肃黄花蒿超临界CO2萃取产物化学成分的差异性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

姚健  赵保堂  王俊龙  王小芳  吴依茜  张继 《草业科学》2009,26(3):57-63

采用超临界CO2萃取技术联合气相色谱 质谱法检测了黄花蒿Artemisia annua萃取产物化学成分,并与水蒸气蒸馏法相比较。结果从超临界CO2萃取提取物成分中确定了86种化合物,主要成分为8,9 脱氢 9 甲酰环异长叶烯(18.22%);(all Z) 5,8,11,14,17,二十碳五烯酸甲基酯（8.39%）等。从水蒸气蒸馏提取物成分中确定了62种化合物,主要成分为4 甲氧基 6 (2 丙烯基) 1,3 苯丙二氧杂环戊烯（24.28%）;松油醇（17.47%）等。2种方法的共有成分32种,分别占鉴定积分面积的40.54%和79.49%。与传统水蒸气蒸馏法相比,采用超临界CO2法能更加真实、全面地反映黄花蒿的化学组分。  相似文献   

甘肃茵陈蒿超临界CO2萃取产物化学成分的差异性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚健  赵保堂  王俊龙  张继 《草业科学》2009,26(4):37-42

采用超临界CO2萃取联合气相色谱-质谱法检测了茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris萃取产物化学成分,并与水蒸气蒸馏法相比较。结果从超临界CO2萃取提取物成分中确定了76种化合物,从水蒸气蒸馏提取物成分中确定了48种化合物。其中长马鞭草烯酮含量分别为37.35%和26.68%,2种方法测得的成分有所差异。与传统水蒸气蒸馏法相比,采用超临界CO2法更能真实、全面地反映茵陈蒿的化学组分,实验为进一步研究利用茵陈蒿植物资源提供了科学依据。  相似文献