Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence     

H. O. Fapohunda  W. D. Kemper  D. F. Heerman 《Irrigation Science》1985,6(3):149-158

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively  相似文献   

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River     

Puli Lou  Linxiang Hou 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1988,2(1):9-19

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.  相似文献   

反求工程技术及实例分析     

王彬  刘学峰 《农业装备与车辆工程》2007,(7):39-42

综述了反求工程技术的基本概念、应用领域和技术现状,并给出了反求工程技术在汽车领域的一应用实例。最后,指出了反求工程技术的未来发展方向。  相似文献   

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation     

P. J. T. Van Bakel 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1988,2(2):125-137

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.  相似文献   

Infiltration in surface irrigated swelling soils     

P. M. Waller  W. W. Wallender 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1991,5(3):249-266

Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration.  相似文献   

试论农业机械化在社会主义新农村建设中的作用     

和万春 《中国农机化》2007,(4):29-31

近几年,随着政策导向和资源配置通过市场杠杆促进农业机械化,使农村拥有的农业机械不断增加,农机化综合水平不断提高,推动了农业耕作制度的革新,加速了农业的产业化步伐和农村劳动力的转移,因此,农业机械化在社会主义新农村建设中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。  相似文献   

凹坑形表面土壤减阻率试验及界面动态观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔占荣  李建桥  刘庆平 《农业机械学报》2007,38(2):83-86

利用切向粘附动态试验台，测试并研究了土壤含水率为35．1％条件下，玻璃和有机玻璃凹坑形仿生非光滑表面和光滑表面与土壤相互作用的摩擦阻力。采用二元二次回归正交组合设计试验方案，探讨当凹坑形非光滑表面和光滑表面在正压力和速度变化时，土壤摩擦阻力的变化规律，观察两种材料表面与土壤界面的动态变化，讨论试样表面形态与界面水膜及土壤摩擦阻力的关系。试验结果表明，在试验条件下，与光滑试样相比凹坑形非光滑表面玻璃试样减阻率为8．29％～24．65％，有机玻璃试样的减阻率为1．29％～8．18％。  相似文献   

旋耕刀曲面典型形状的研究     

陈钧  近江谷和彦 《农业机械学报》1995,(4)

给出了描述旋耕刀曲面形状特征的３个角度参数：滑切角、起土角及偏切角，对比研究了日本典型旋耕刀ＦＴ８０３及Ｙ１５１和我国国家标准旋耕刀ⅡＴ２４５的这３个角度参数值，指出了旋耕刀曲面形状对其耕作性能和功耗的影响。  相似文献   

提高拖拉机覆盖件模具曲面加工精度的研究     

黄晓峰 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2005,(3):41-42,45

通过拖拉机覆盖件模具的加工,分析了CAM软件在进行覆盖件模具数控程序设计时,影响曲面加工质量的相关因素;从刀具、加工方法、进退刀方式和切削参数等方面介绍了提高曲面加工精度和采取的改进措施。  相似文献   

农村电网改造规划方法的研究     

夏泽中  施三保 《农机化研究》2006,(9):204-205

农村电网的合理规划对节约优化农村有限的资金和能源、减轻农民负担、推动经济发展具有十分重要的意义。新理论和新技术的研究与应用是我国农村电网规划的大势所趋。为此,针对我国农村电网的实际情况,介绍了农网改造的缘由、意义和目的,阐述了电网规划的模型、采用的技术方法及其发展趋势。研究结果对我国现在和将来的农村电网规划与改造具有指导意义和参考价值。  相似文献