沈抚灌区农田土壤重金属污染时空变化特征及生态健康风险评价   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：10  

安婧  宫晓双  陈宏伟  魏树和 《农业环境科学学报》2016,35(1):37-44

以东北典型污灌区——沈抚灌区农田土壤为研究对象,在收集整理沈抚灌区自20世纪末停灌后不同时期土壤重金属污染情况的相关文献报道后,沿灌渠主干以行政村为单位布设取样点28个,利用原子吸收分光光度法、数理统计法、空间插值法等研究了重金属元素Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn在灌区农田土壤和农作物中的污染现状及时空分布特征,并利用内梅罗污染指数法、EPA人体暴露风险评价法及潜在生态危害指数法对污灌区重金属污染土壤及农产品的潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明:灌区土壤重金属的平均浓度为:Cd 0.60 mg·kg~(-1)、Pb 38.76 mg·kg~(-1)、Cu 22.39 mg·kg~(-1)、Zn 57.64 mg·kg~(-1),其中Cd含量超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准;与文献报道该灌区近15年来土壤重金属污染情况相比,土壤中Cu、Zn含量明显降低,而Cd、Pb含量并无显著变化;土壤中4种重金属元素的空间分布特征各异,灌区土壤重金属综合污染水平属于轻微污染;Cd、Pb在玉米中残留浓度超过国家食品安全限值,对人摄食途径存在健康风险,尤其是Cd具有较强的潜在生态危害性。  相似文献   

安徽省农业生产碳排放时空变化及影响因素分析     

张博文  崔林丽  史军  魏培培 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(21)

基于安徽省5个基础碳源数据,结合LMDI模型,测算其农业碳排放量,并分析了2006-2015年安徽省农业碳排放的时空变化及其影响因素.结果表明,安徽省农业生产碳排放总量逐渐增加,从2006年的356.53万t增长至2015年的449.03万t;碳排放强度的变化与总量变化基本保持一致,从2006年的87.28 t/km2增长至2015年的107.37 t/km2;从市域空间来看,2015年安徽省北部地区的城市碳排放总量高于南方地区;LMDI模型的因素分解表明,与2006年相比,效率因素和劳动力因素累计实现减排527.90万t,其中效率因素影响力度较强,而结构因素、经济因素总体上对累积CO2排放量变动存在正向影响,其中经济因素影响尤为突出.  相似文献   

晋南县域农田生态系统土壤碳氮时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

李新民  杨萍果  邓树元 《山西农业科学》2013,41(2):160-162,174

气候变化背景下,对农田土壤有机碳和氮的研究是陆地生态系统碳、氮循环的热点之一。利用第2次山西省和县级土壤普查资料,通过野外调查、采样和分析不同土壤类型,探讨1980—2010年晋南农田土壤C,N的时空变化规律。结果表明,1980,2010年土壤有机碳的平均值分别为7.13,6.62 g/kg,全氮的平均值分别为0.70,1.01 g/kg,2个时期的C/N的平均值分别为10.19和7.12。30 a间,土壤有机碳、C/N都有所下降,而全氮含量有所增加,主要由于长期耕作和秸秆焚烧造成农田生态系统土壤有机碳的大量损失,使农田成为温室气体的一个排放源。近年来,通过推广免耕、秸秆还田、合理施肥等农田管理措施,促使农田土壤有机碳提高,并将其成为温室气体的吸收汇。  相似文献   

峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学特征及空间演变规律     

林广  王妍  刘云根  徐劲成  林品 《水土保持通报》2024,44(2):333-344,377

[目的] 探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学空间分布特征,为揭示峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局动态变化和生态保护的可持续发展提供理论参考和指导。[方法] 利用形态学空间分析(MSPA)方法对岩溶石漠化景观识别、处理、分类得到核心、环线等互不重叠的7类景观类型,应用景观动态度、景观格局指数、景观转移矩阵和热点分析探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学时空演变特征。 [结果] ①2000年形态学景观类型分布最广(190.60 km²),2022年分布最少(147.32 km²),在形态学景观类型中核心是研究区内主要的景观类型,2000年面积最大为121.62 km²,2022年面积最少为76.05 km²,主要分布在研究区西北部和南部区域;孤岛在形态学景观类型中面积最小,其面积1990年最少为1.12 km²,2022年最多为3.07 km²,孤岛和分支等景观类型分散分布在各核心之间。 ②研究区形态学景观空间分布趋于分散,且形态学景观多样性、复杂程度和景观破碎化程度增加;研究时段内,形态学景观类型单一动态度分别为0.10,-0.18和-2.13,说明形态学景观面积呈现收缩趋势并且形态学景观类型1990—2000年发育最为剧烈,2000—2010年发育最为平缓。 ③形态学景观类型转移方向主要是核心景观类型转移为边缘和孔隙景观类型,总体来看形态学景观主要转移方向是形态学景观转移为背景,并且背景的转入量大于转出量。高—高聚集区域呈现出向磨合村、老街村和安乐村扩张的趋势,低—低聚集区域呈现出向三光村和老街村扩张的趋势。 [结论] 研究区形态学景观面积处于快速减少阶段且形态学景观类型趋于复杂,核心是主要的形态学景观类型,形态学景观的演变特征主要由核心的变化导致。  相似文献   

Driving forces of soil organic matter change in Jiangsu Province of China          下载免费PDF全文

M.‐S. Zhao  G.‐L. Zhang  Y.‐J. Wu  D.‐C. Li  Y.‐G. Zhao 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(4):440-449

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key property determining soil functions and a major form of carbon stored in soil. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of SOM and the driving forces responsible for spatial and temporal changes is important to assess regional soil quality and carbon sequestration potential and, particularly, to establish better practices for land use and management. We evaluated the spatio‐temporal change in SOM content from 1979–1982 to 2006 and its driving forces in Jiangsu Province, East China, using geostatistics. The results showed that mean SOM content increased from 16.60 ± 8.50 to 18.31 ± 8.32 g/kg over a 26‐yr period. The maps of SOM generated by ordinary kriging represented the increasing trend from north to south across the province in the two periods. The level of SOM in 1979–1982 affected the pattern of change: the SOM increasing in areas initially with a small content while decreasing in areas having a large content. The map of SOM change showed that the rate of increase decreased from north to south within the province. Increased fertilizer application promoted crop production with more residual biomass being retained in the soil, which resulted in increased SOM content. Land use changes to paddy, upland or forest improved SOM content, whereas abandoning land reduced SOM content.  相似文献   

林权变更中时空信息分析     

赵春燕  李际平  王国华 《广东农业科学》2010,37(2):286-288

分析了林权变更中的时间变化特点,以及随着时间变化林地空间与属性变化情况,在此基础上对林权变更中的时空信息进行组织与管理,实现时空信息管理系统时空查询和历史回溯功能。  相似文献   

Temporal changes of soil physical quality under two residue management systems     

M. Castellini  M. Niedda  M. Pirastru  D. Ventrella 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(3):423-434

Although crop residue management is known to affect near‐surface soil physical quality, little is known about the temporal variability of these indicators over short time intervals. This study evaluates the temporal changes of nine indicators of soil physical quality. These are organic carbon content, structural stability index, bulk density, macroporosity, air capacity, relative field capacity, plant available water capacity, Dexter's S‐index and saturated hydraulic conductivity. A second set of soil physical indicators, based on the distribution of soil pore volume, was also evaluated. The indicators were determined in three different times during the growing cycle of winter durum wheat cultivated within a long‐term field research carrying out in Southern Italy and comparing two types of crop residue management, that is, burning (B) and soil incorporation (I). Only the bulk density changed over time for both treatments, although the air capacity also changed for the incorporation of wheat residues. Residual effects of the autumnal soil tillage and soil compaction were a common source of variability, irrespective of which treatment was used. Based on the existing guidelines for evaluating the physical quality of these agricultural soils, optimal or near‐optimal values were detected in about half of the cases under consideration. This suggests that both B and I create sufficiently good conditions for crop growth during the crop cycle. The comparison between observed and optimal soil pore distribution function was always poor. The pore volume distributions showed lower densities of small pores and relatively higher densities of large pores than the proposed optimal distribution. This study also suggests that the considered optimal or references curves probably cannot be applied successfully to a wide range of agricultural soils.  相似文献   

Evergreen broad-leaved forest improves soil water status compared with tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains,Southwest China     

Hede Gong  Yiping Zhang  Yuhong Liu  Guoping Yang  Zhiyun Lu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):384-388

Abstract

In this paper, the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil moisture content was investigated in an evergreen broad-leaved forest and a tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains, which was dominated by Fagaceae (Castanopsis wattii and Lithocarpus xylocarpus). Soil moisture content was studied between January 2005 and December 2006 at different depths (from 0–150 cm) with a neutron probe. The results showed that mean soil moisture content in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was usually higher than in the tea tree plantation in the dry season, whereas it was lower than the tea tree plantation in the rainy season. In addition, mean soil moisture content was depth dependent, and in the 10–50 cm layer the spatial variability was due to the active root zone within this depth area in two types of land use. From 50–150 cm, the spatial variability was slightly increasing in the evergreen broad-leaved forest or relatively stable in the tea tree plantation. Our study also showed that soil moisture content was higher and more stable under the evergreen broad-leaved forest than the tea tree plantation, hence we stress that evergreen broad-leaved forest plays an important role in holding soil moisture. It is suggested that the protection of evergreen broad-leaved forest should be strengthened.  相似文献   

西北地区东部夏季降水日数的变化趋势及其气候特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

白虎志  李栋梁  陆登荣  方锋 《干旱地区农业研究》2005,23(3):133-140

以西北地区东部(95°E～112°E,32°N～41°N)104个测站1960～2000历年夏季(6～8月)降水日数资料为基础,通过EOF和REOF等分析方法,研究夏季降水日数时空分布的异常特征。结果表明西北地区东部夏季多年平均降水日数的地区分布特点是西部多、东部少,沿祁连山山脉存在一个降水日数较多中心区域,并且降水量和降水日数均呈增多趋势。降水日数的空间异常主要表现为一致性异常和南北相反异常两种类型。根据REOF方法可将西北区东部分为5个不同降水日数气候区,即甘肃中东部及河套区、渭水流域区、河西走廊区、青海高原北部区、青海南部区和四川北部区。20世纪80年代以来,西北地区东部大部分地区降水日数呈现减少的趋势。冬季(或夏季)青藏高原地面加热场强度偏强,甘肃河西及祁连山地区、宁夏南部等地夏季降水偏多(或少),青海东南部-甘肃南部-渭水流域夏季降水日数偏少(或偏多)。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal patterns of Lolium rigidum–Avena sterilis mixed populations in a cereal field     

J M BLANCO-MORENO  L CHAMORRO  & F X SANS 《Weed Research》2006,46(3):207-218

Through a detailed case study of a two‐species (Lolium rigidum and Avena sterilis) weed community at contrasting scales, this paper examined factors that affect weed distribution across space and time in a commercial wheat field in north‐east Spain. A. sterilis showed relatively stable spatial distribution and spatial structure of its population over time at large scale, with well‐defined patches, although weed density rose quickly. L. rigidum showed poorly defined patches that were not stable across time. Interaction between species could explain to some degree the spatial distribution at large scale: a negative relationship was detected between the spatial structures of both weed populations. At fine scale, both species showed a clear interaction effect from primary dispersal (more important in A. sterilis) and secondary dispersal from combine harvesting (more important in L. rigidum).  相似文献