耐盐植物对滨海盐渍土的生物改良试验研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘玉新  谢小丁 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,38(2):183-188

选择盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、中亚滨藜(Atriplex centralasiatica)、碱茅(星星草)(Puccinella tenuiflora)、西伯利亚白刺(Nitraria sibiric)、沙枣(Elaeagnus angusoliaif)五种耐重盐植物,分别在不同盐量的土壤上种植试验,种植前后测量土壤盐量、有机质、N、P、K等指标,统计伴生植被生长情况。结果表明,种植这些耐盐植物后,土壤盐量都有不同程度的下降,有机质、N、P、K水平都有不同程度的提高,伴生植被类型进一步丰富,并逐渐由盐生植物变成非盐生植物。  相似文献   

Asian corn borer (ACB) and non‐ACB pests in GM corn (Zea mays L.) in the Philippines     

Miladis M Afidchao  CJM Musters  Geert R de Snoo 《Pest management science》2013,69(7):792-801

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Identification and Characterization of High Acid Tolerant and Aluminum Resistant Yeasts Isolated from Tea Soils     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):671-674

From acidic tea soils of Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, some soil properties were determined and 38 strains of acid tolerant microorganisms were isolated. Different Al³⁺ concentrations were applied to YG media to estimate Al resistance. Selected microbial strains could grow strongly in the liquid media in the presence of 100 mM Al³⁺ and survive even in 300 mM Al³⁺ at pH 3.0. Their base sequences of 28S rDNA-D1/D2 were determined and sequence data were searched using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system. The results of sequencing revealed that the isolates belong to two different species, Cryptococcus sp. and Candida palmioleophila. When cultivated with various Al³⁺ concentrations, the yeast growth was inhibited at a concentration of 200 mM. Pre-cultivation of these strains with 0–30 mM Al³⁺ did not promote the growth response caused by Al³⁺. Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the elimination of Al. The amount of Al remaining in culture media was decreased considerably after cultivation. Due to a capacity for resistance to significant Al concentrations as well as high Al elimination, these acid tolerant and Al resistant yeasts may have potential applications in the bio- and phyto-remediation of Al and acid-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE HIGHLY-TOLERANT TOMATO CV. ‘PONCHO NEGRO’ TO SALINITY AND EXCESS BORON     

M. Díaz  E. Bastías  P. Pacheco  L. Tapia  M.C. Martínez-Ballesta  M. Carvajal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1254-1267

The variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) called ‘Poncho Negro’ by farmers represents an important source of genetic resources of agricultural interest, because it has managed to thrive at levels of salinity and excess B that other varieties of the same species find impossible. This work was conducted under controlled growth conditions in a greenhouse, evaluating and obtaining plant material that served for physiological, chemical, and biochemical determinations. Stress conditions were supplied by irrigation, using different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 75 and 150 mM) and excess boron (B; 5 and 20 mg L^?1). The rate of net carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and the relative water content (RWC) were measured. In addition, B, sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), soluble sugars, and proline were quantified. The results suggest that ‘Poncho Negro’ accumulated Na⁺ mainly in the roots, partly limiting its entry into the aerial parts. In addition, it should be noted that the interaction of B and salinity reduced the movement of Na⁺ to the leaves. The ability of cv. ‘Poncho Negro’ to minimize leaf Na⁺ accumulation, accumulate more leaf B than control plants, and maintain its K⁺ level, when grown with an excess of B, possibly allowed the observed increase in the rate of photosynthesis. In addition, these tomato plants used proline and soluble sugars as osmo-regulators under high-B and saline conditions. Under all stress conditions studied, this variety of tomato was able to regulate its water content, with RWC values of approximately 86%.  相似文献   

Influence of extreme K:Na ratios and high substrate salinity on plant metabolism of crops differing in salt tolerance     

G. Rathert  H.‐W. Doering 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):987-996

Mineral regulation of two soybean varieties Jackson and Lee was investigated in long term water culture experiments using saline solutions. The effects of extreme K:Na ratios using chloride and sulfate as counterions were studied in the early stages of salinity.

The growth rates of both varieties were not affected by salinization. A K⁺ stimulated, intensive acropetal Cl^‐ translocation was observed in the salt sensitive variety Jackson. The varieties did not differ in Na⁺ translocation and in the suppression of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the leaves. But the effect of the nature of salinization indicates already differences in Na uptake and translocation of the cultivars.

The avoidance of Cl^‐, but also of Ha⁺, in connection with influences of the resulting ionic imbalance on metabolic pathways are probably the most causative factors for the different tolerance to salinity of the two soybean varieties.  相似文献   

Early growth results of three Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens hybrid clonal trials and their response to snow events     

《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):185-188

Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens (G×N) hybrid clones are selected to combine complimentary characteristics of E. nitens and E. grandis. G×N hybrid clones also have the potential to increase growth rates and provide adaptability to a changing climate. A series of three trials planted across a range of high-productivity, mid-altitude sites in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands was established to test the suitability of a suite of G×N hybrid clones. Seven commercially available G×N clones together with two widely planted pure species controls, Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus smithii, were chosen for this study. The trials were set out in random complete block designs with nine treatments and four replications set out in square plots of 25 trees. The trials were measured for diameter at breast height at 23 months and monitored for snow damage over two winter seasons. Snow was noted at the Baynesfield site and subsequent snow damage assessments were performed. Basal area per hectare was calculated for each plot as a function of diameter at breast height and survival. Significant differences were observed between G×N hybrid clones in both growth and snow tolerance. The top-performing clones significantly outperformed both pure species controls in terms of growth and snow tolerance. Early results indicate that G×N hybrids may be better suited to high-potential, mid-altitude sites exposed to light snow risk than the currently recommended pure species.  相似文献   

钾胁迫对不同耐低磷基因型玉米生长和磷吸收的影响     

章爱群  斯琴朝克图  王立华  王有宁 《湖北农业科学》2015,54(2):292-295

研究了不同耐低磷基因型玉米(Zea mays L.)幼苗对低钾胁迫适应性的差异。结果表明,低钾胁迫处理对株高有显著的抑制作用,低钾胁迫处理显著降低了植株的地上部和根系吸磷量,同时还使玉米根效比显著下降,且耐低磷基因型降低程度更为显著。低钾胁迫处理使地上部和根系的磷利用率增加,基因型间无明显差异。  相似文献   

密植型玉米自交系和品种的选育·鉴定及配套栽培技术     

安伟  樊智翔  韩志玲  米小红  王计虎  赵力 《安徽农业科学》2015,(10):59-60,62

种植密度影响着玉米群体内小气候,进而影响玉米的生长发育.在自交系及组合选育过程中,通过提高种植密度增加个体间竞争压力,可以提高自交系及组合的选择效果.介绍了密植型自交系及组合的选育鉴定方法和效果,并提出了种植和推广密植型玉米自交系及品种的配套栽培技术以及面临的难题.加快密植型玉米自交系及组合的选育进程,大力种植和推广密植型玉米自交系及品种,并辅以配套栽培技术,必将大大推动山西省玉米科研和生产水平的进一步提高,加快山西省玉米生产发展.  相似文献   

Changes in the concentration of avenanthramides in response to salinity stress in CBF3 transgenic oat     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Oat avenanthramides have long been known to possess potential nutraceutical and therapeutical properties. The change in avenanthramides 2p, 2c and 2f concentration in four salinity tolerant transgenic oat plants containing CBF₃ gene and non-transgenic control exposed to different levels of salinity stress was investigated. Determination of oat avenanthramides at the nano-scale level was performed using a well-optimized and highly sensitive sequential injection chemiluminescence (SIA-CL) method enhanced by eco-friendly gold nanoparticles biosynthesized from oat biomass extract. Under the conditions of this study, the predominant avenanthramide, which also exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity, was 2c followed by 2p and 2f. At no stress, there was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between the transgenic lines and control regarding the concentrations of the three determined avenanthramides. After exposure to 250 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl, avenanthramide 2c dramatically increased by 170.9%, 580%, 353.6%, 457.6% and 229.1% in the control and the four transgenic lines, respectively. Among the transgenic lines, Agrogle-1 maintained the highest avenanthramides concentration under all salinity levels with maximum values of 71.5 mg kg⁻¹ for 2p, 221.0 mg kg⁻¹ for 2c and 62.0 mg kg⁻¹ for 2f detected at 250 mmol L⁻¹NaCl. The results of this study demonstrated that oat avenanthramides might have a potential role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in oats.  相似文献   

Comparative Study of CaMsrB2 Gene Containing Drought‐Tolerant Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Non‐Transgenic Counterpart          下载免费PDF全文

S. K. Dhungana  B.‐R. Kim  J.‐H. Son  H.‐R. Kim  D.‐H. Shin 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(1):10-16

Concerns regarding the safety of transgenic foods have been raised because of possibility of undesirable effects development during genetic engineering. Analysis of phenotypic traits can increase the likelihoods of identifying those unintended effects in dietary composition of the GM crops. Objective of this study was to compare the transgenic lines with their non‐transgenic counterpart. Different vegetative and reproductive traits as well as antioxidant properties were considered to evaluate the transgenic (HV8 and HV23) lines containing CaMsrB2 gene and their non‐transgenic (Ilmi) parent line. Grain size and weight, seed germination, root length, root and shoot dry weight, length and width of flag leaf, plant height, and ligule, stamen and carpel length were not significantly different. Onset and completion of heading in each line occurred almost during the same period. The antioxidant properties in terms of DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content were not statistically different under same treatment condition. The results suggested that the transgenic rice lines containing CaMsrB2 gene were equivalent to their non‐transgenic counterpart without any visible unintended effects.  相似文献