抗寒种衣剂对早籼稻秧苗抗寒性的影响及其作用机理的研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张海清  邹应斌  肖国超  熊远福 《中国农业科学》2006,39(11):2220-2227

【目的】探明抗寒种衣剂对水稻秧苗抗寒性的影响及其作用机理。【方法】研究了两个早籼稻品种经4种抗寒种衣剂（HET种衣剂、YKJ种衣剂、YKZYJ种衣剂和ABA种衣剂）包衣处理后在低温胁迫下的若干生理生化效应。【结果】在低温胁迫下，抗寒种衣剂处理使秧苗根系活力、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和叶绿素含量维持较高水平，丙二醛（MDA）含量和电解质外渗率降低，可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸大量积累，受害株率大幅下降。【结论】抗寒种衣剂增强了秧苗抵抗低温胁迫的能力；4种抗寒种衣剂的抗寒效果以YKZYJ种衣剂最优，YKJ和ABA种衣剂次之，HET种衣剂再次。  相似文献   

水稻苗期耐Cu^2＋胁迫QTL遗传分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚盟成  张文会  张晓杰  刘晓红  陆建云 《广西农业科学》2009,40(9):1119-1123

利用栽培稻优良品种“特青”与普通野生稻“元江普野”构建的DH群体139个家系构建连锁图谱,采用蛭石进行水稻幼苗培养,待第2片叶完全展开时进行硫酸铜（150mg／L）胁迫处理;处理15d后,以苗高、鲜重及干重抑制率的平均值作为考察苗期耐Cu^2＋胁迫指标,用于QTL定位分析。结果表明,以苗高、鲜重及干重的平均抑制率作为胁迫指标,共检测到11个与硫酸铜胁迫相关的QTL,分别位于第1、第2、第6、第7、第8、第9以及第10染色体上;其中,RM11和RM118（Chr 7）、RM337和RM152（Chr 8）以及RM105、RM219、RM296（Chr 9）附近的7个来源于栽培稻亲本特青等位基因的OTL位点,表现为耐硫酸铜胁迫;RM1（Chr 1）、RM318（Chr 2）、RM176（Chr 6）以及RM222（Chr 10）附近的4个来源于野生稻等位基因的QTL位点,表现为耐硫酸铜胁迫。虽然检测到的QTL位点较多,但每个QTL的作用相对较小,表明调控水稻幼苗耐铜毒性的遗传机制较为复杂。  相似文献   

蜡状芽孢杆菌UD-8有机溶剂耐受特性的研究     

丛子添  王刚  刘娟  史云婷  陈光 《吉林农业大学学报》2014,(5)

菌体细胞内存在的与细胞结构和功能不相关的物质可以通过多物质抗性泵出系统运输排出细胞外。某些有机溶剂耐受菌可以通过泵出系统将细胞膜上及细胞内的有机溶剂分子泵出到细胞外。这些有机溶剂耐受菌通常表现出对抗生素耐受性的提高,通过测定细菌细胞抗生素耐受性可以测定其细胞内是否存在有机溶剂外排泵。为确定有机溶剂耐受菌株Bacillus cereus UD-8细胞内是否存在有机溶剂外排泵系统,分别研究了Bacillus cereus UD-8的有机溶剂耐受性;四环素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、林可霉素的抗药性及4种抗生素对Bacillus cereus UD-8的最小抑菌浓度。初步断定蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus UD-8可能具有有机溶剂泵出机制。  相似文献   

玉米自交系的耐密性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘鹏飞  张媛  蒋锋  张姿丽  陈青春  王晓明 《湖北农业科学》2012,51(15):3171-3172,3229

选取具有代表性的15个玉米自交系为试验材料,通过在两种种植密度下的表现,利用玉米单株产量耐密系数分析了玉米自交系的耐密性,并对单株产量耐密系数与产量相关性状的相关性进行分析.结果表明,15个品种中,PH6WC的单株产量耐密系数最高,达27.35,明显高于其余自交系,耐密系数较高的自交系还有郑58、K12与掖478;产量相关性状与单株产量耐密系数相关性不显著.耐密系数可作为初步评价玉米自交系耐密性的参考依据.  相似文献   

抗旱、耐盐基因类型及其机理的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

CHENG Ji-dong  AN Yu-lin  SUN Rui-fen  LIU Li-ping  ZHANG Qi-chen Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University  Huhhot  China  Biotechnology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture  Animal Husbandry Sciences  Huhhot  China  Ecological Environment Monitoring Station In Inner Mongolia  Huhhot  China 《华北农学报》2006,(Z3)

不良的环境因子如干旱、盐碱等严重影响着农作物的正常生长发育和产量,培育高抗性和高产优质的粮食作物,成为缓解世界粮食安全的有效途径。文章就目前国内外在抗旱、抗盐碱等抗逆基因的类型、作用机理以及相关转基因作物存在的问题进行了综述。  相似文献   

水稻苗期耐高Cu2+胁迫的QTL定位和上位性分析     

沈圣泉  庄杰云  舒庆尧  夏英武 《植物营养与肥料学报》2006,12(3):352-357

用珍汕97B/密阳46构建RIL群体及其遗传图谱,对其种子采用沙培法育苗和培养,试验设置2个高浓度(100.mg/L和200.mg/L)Cu2+胁迫处理,以处理20.d后的幼苗相对根长(%)和相对苗高(%)作为苗期耐Cu2+胁迫指标,并用于QTL定位分析。结果表明,试验共检测到苗期耐Cu2+胁迫的主效应QTL.4个,以相对根长为指标,检测到qRCC(r)6(100.mg/L)和qRCC(r)9(200.mg/L),以相对苗高为指标,也检测到qRCC(s)1-2(100.mg/L和200mg/L)和qRCC(r)6-1(200.mg/L),有效基因分散于双亲中。试验还检测到苗期耐Cu2+胁迫的上位性互作8对,以相对根长为指标时,检测到2对互作;以相对苗高为指标时,检测到6对上位性互作。表明水稻苗期耐高浓度Cu2+胁迫,其上位性互作也起到较为重要作用。  相似文献   

Identification and Characterization of High Acid Tolerant and Aluminum Resistant Yeasts Isolated from Tea Soils     

Shinjiro Kanazawa  Ngo Thi Tuong Chau  Shintaro Miyaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):671-674

From acidic tea soils of Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, some soil properties were determined and 38 strains of acid tolerant microorganisms were isolated. Different Al³⁺ concentrations were applied to YG media to estimate Al resistance. Selected microbial strains could grow strongly in the liquid media in the presence of 100 mM Al³⁺ and survive even in 300 mM Al³⁺ at pH 3.0. Their base sequences of 28S rDNA-D1/D2 were determined and sequence data were searched using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system. The results of sequencing revealed that the isolates belong to two different species, Cryptococcus sp. and Candida palmioleophila. When cultivated with various Al³⁺ concentrations, the yeast growth was inhibited at a concentration of 200 mM. Pre-cultivation of these strains with 0–30 mM Al³⁺ did not promote the growth response caused by Al³⁺. Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the elimination of Al. The amount of Al remaining in culture media was decreased considerably after cultivation. Due to a capacity for resistance to significant Al concentrations as well as high Al elimination, these acid tolerant and Al resistant yeasts may have potential applications in the bio- and phyto-remediation of Al and acid-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

Microbial community development in the rhizosphere of apple trees at a replant disease site     

Angelika Rumberger  Janice E. Thies 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(7):1645-1654

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a complex syndrome that affects young trees in replanted orchard sites causing necrotic lesions on feeder roots, stunted tree growth and reduced cumulative yields. Use of ARD-tolerant rootstocks is an emerging control strategy. We studied the bacterial, fungal, and oomycetes populations in the rhizosphere of five rootstock cultivars (M.7, M.26, G.16, G.30 and CG.6210) planted into the old tree row or grass lanes of a previous orchard in Ithaca, NY, to better understand the role of rhizosphere microbial communities in the prevalence and control of ARD. The possible involvement of antagonistic Pseudomonas species, Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp. and rhizosphere cyanide concentrations in ARD were also examined. The rootstocks M.7, M.26 and G.16 were susceptible to ARD, while G.30 and CG.6210 were more tolerant. Tree growth on the rootstocks M.7, M.26 and G.16 was reduced by 10% when planted in the old tree rows, but this did not significantly reduce yields in the first fruiting year. The susceptible rootstocks, M.7 and M.26, supported higher densities of culturable rhizosphere fungi and bacteria than G.16, G.30 and CG.6210. Over 2 years, microbial densities were highest in July, lower in May and lowest in September. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere was highly variable and changed over seasons and years, as assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses. Initial differences in fungal rhizosphere communities between the two planting positions converged 2 years after the trees were replanted. In contrast, the bacterial rhizosphere community composition still differed significantly between the two planting positions 3 years after the orchard was replanted. The bacterial and fungal rhizosphere community compositions of susceptible rootstocks, M.7 and M.26, differed from those of the tolerant rootstocks, G.30 and CG.6210; G.16, differed from all the other rootstocks. The observed effects of rootstocks, planting positions and time on microbial community composition were small relative to the high variability observed overall. Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. infestations were high and similar for all rootstocks and planting positions. Neither potentially antagonistic Pseudomonas nor rhizosphere cyanide concentrations appeared to be involved in the ARD-complex at the studied site. Avoiding replanting into the old tree rows coupled with use of tolerant rootstocks appear to be the best strategies for reducing ARD in replanted orchards. Changes in rhizosphere microbial communities are among the many factors that contribute to improved tree growth when these management strategies are used.  相似文献   

Response of low-nitrogen tolerant maize genotypes to nitrogen application in a tropical Alfisol in northern Nigeria     

J.O. Azeez  M.T. Adetunji  S.T.O. Lagoke 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,91(1-2):181-185

In the dry savannas of west and central Africa, where low soil fertility is major constraint to maize production, the development of tropical maize genotypes with high and stable yield under low-nitrogen condition is very important, since access to these improved genotypes may be the only affordable alternative to many small scale farmers.

Field trials were conducted at Samaru (Typic Haplustalfs) to investigate the response of low-N tolerant maize cultivars to nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Nitrogen application rates were 0, 30, 60, 90 kg N ha⁻¹ and four maize cultivars (Low-N pool C2, ACR 8328 BN C7, Super Oba II and TZR-SR). Maize leaf area index, intercepted radiation, leaf area and stover weights were increased due to nitrogen application at flowering. For most of the parameters, 60 kg N ha⁻¹ appeared to have the significantly high values. However, there was no significant difference between application rates of 60 and 90 kg N ha⁻¹ in stem weight, stover weight, grain yield and shelling percent at harvest. Genotypic variation observed in the maize agronomic traits were not significant except in leaf weight and grain yield. The amount of nitrogen taken by maize increased with increase in fertilizer rates. Application of 30 and 90 kg N ha⁻¹ to soil increased the maize grain N concentration and total N uptake. About 45.3 kg ha⁻¹ and 8.8 g N kg⁻¹ nitrogen uptake was obtained in maize shoot and grain, respectively, at the application of 90 kg N ha⁻¹. Low-N pool C2 genotype had the highest grain N concentration and shoot uptake significantly higher than TZB-SR. Nitrogen fertilizer applied accounted for 97% variation in soil nitrate. There existed a positive and significant correlation between maize grain yield and leaf nitrogen uptake (r = 0.33, P < 0.01). Averagely, nitrogen fertilizer applied accounted for 86% variations in maize grain yield.  相似文献   

Production of salt tolerant rice breeding line via doubled haploid     

M. A. A. Miah  M. S. Pathan  H. A. Quayum 《Euphytica》1996,91(3):285-288

Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R₁-R₂ and BR4909-R₁-R₂ were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids.Anther from confirmed F₁s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity.Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH linesAbbreviations LSD Least Significant Difference - NAA Napthalene Acetic Acid  相似文献