缺氧和有毒微囊藻胁迫下三角帆蚌鳃和主要消化器官以及晶杆体的扫描电镜观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾叶丹  尚跃勇  袁明哲  陈雪英  周作强  胡梦红 《水产学报》2016,40(9):1486-1496

为了阐明缺氧和有毒铜绿做囊藻对三角帆蚌鳃和主要消化器官的毒理效应和组织病理,实验利用扫描电镜研究了暴露于缺氧和有毒铜绿做囊藻下三角帆蚌的鳃、胃、肠以及晶杆体等器官组织病理学变化。结果显示,从第7天开始缺氧和有毒藻类复合胁迫组三角帆蚌的鳃丝及柱状细胞出现大量坏死和脱落,胃肠腔面纤毛脱落、上史细胞破裂坏死,晶杆体在第5天已经完全消失;第7天单独缺氧组和单独有毒藻类组的鳃和消化道出现少量的病变,单独缺氧组晶杆体在第7天完全消失,单独有毒藻类组晶杆体则一直存在。胁迫消失后,3个实验暴露组的晶杆体都未恢复正常对照组水平,因此缺氧和有毒铜绿做囊藻对三角帆蚌鳃和消化系统产生不可恢复性损伤,双重胁迫组影响最为严重,缺氧胁迫组相对有毒铜绿做囊藻胁迫组影响更为显著。本研究为三角帆蚌在缺氧和有毒藻类胁迫下的生理适应机制提供了组织病理学上的参考,并为其作为富营养化水体治理工具种的可行性提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

The new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole succinic (DMPSA) as an alternative to DMPP for reducing N2O emissions from wheat crops under humid Mediterranean conditions     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Nowadays agricultural practices are based in the use of N fertilizers which can lead to environmental N losses. These losses can occur as nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions as result of the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification. N₂O together with carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) are the strongest greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with agricultural soils. Nitrification inhibitors (NI) have been developed with the aim of decreasing fertilizer-induced N losses and increasing N efficiency. One of the most popular NI is the 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) which have proven to be an advisable strategy to mitigate GHG emissions while maintaining crops yield. A new NI, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole succinic (DMPSA), has been developed. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of the new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA on greenhouse gases emissions, wheat yield and grain protein with respect to DMPP. For this purpose a field-experiment was carried out for two years. Fertilizer dose, with and without NIs, was 180 kg N ha⁻¹ applied as ammonium sulphate (AS) split in two applications of 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and 120 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively. A single application of 180 kg N ha⁻¹ of AS with NIs was also made. An unfertilized treatment was also included. The new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA reduces N₂O emissions up to levels of the unfertilized control treatment maintaining the yield and its components. The DMPSA shows the same behavior as DMPP in relation to N₂O fluxes, as well as wheat yield and quality. In spite of applying a double dose of N at stem elongation than at tillering, N₂O losses from that period are lower than at tillering as a consequence of the influence of soil water content and temperature reducing the N₂O/N₂ ratio by denitrification. NI efficiency in reducing N₂O losses is determined by the magnitude of the losses from the AS treatment.  相似文献   

Afforestation of semi-arid shrubland reduces biogenic NO emission from soil     

I. Gelfand  G. Feig  D. Yakir 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(7):1561-1570

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in the formation of tropospheric ozone, hydroxyl radicals, as well as nitrous and nitric acids. There are, however, large uncertainties around estimates of global NO emissions due to the paucity of data. In particular, there is little information on the rate of NO emission and its sensitivity to processes such as land use changes in dry environments. Here we report on a two-year study on the influence of afforestation on soil NO fluxes in the semi-arid afforestation system in Southern Israel (Yatir forest, mean annual precipitation ∼280 mm). Laboratory incubations were carried out under seasonally defined conditions of soil moisture and temperature using soils sampled in different seasons from the native shrubland (taken both under shrub canopy and in the inter-shrub areas), and from the adjacent ∼2800 ha, 40-year-old pine afforestation site. Combining laboratory results with field measurements of soil moisture and temperature, we up-scaled soil-atmosphere NO fluxes to the ecosystem level. The different microsites differed in their annual mean NO release rates (0.04, 0.14 and 0.03 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ for the shrubland under and between shrubs and for the forest, respectively), and exhibited high inter-seasonal variability in NO emission rates (ranging from zero up to 0.25 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the wet and dry-rewetting seasons, respectively), as well as in temperature responses. Up-scaling results to annual and ecosystem scales indicated that afforestation of the semi-arid shrubland could reduce soil NO emission by up to 65%.  相似文献   

Emphysematous cystitis in a chemically-induced diabetic dog     

Matsuo S  Hayashi S  Watanabe T  Adachi K  Miyoshi A  Kato A  Suzuki M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):289-292

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disorder caused by bacterial infection and characterized by gas accumulation within the bladder wall with cyst formation. This report describes the histopathological characteristics of emphysematous cystitis found in a diabetic female beagle induced by streptozotocin and alloxan. Macroscopically, multiple cyst-like structures were observed on the cut surface of the urinary mucosa. During fixation, small specimens cut from the mucosa floated on the surface of the fixative solution. Histopathologically, multiple cysts were lined with a single layer of flattened cells found to be immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, partially positive for α-smooth muscle actin or macrophage scavenger receptor, class A, and thought to be myofibroblasts, fibroblasts or macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells were observed around the cysts, and gram-negative short bacilli were observed in the lumen of the urinary bladder. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as emphysematous cystitis.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability of dissolved nitrous oxide in near‐surface groundwater and bubble‐mediated mass transfer to the unsaturated zone     

Helmut Geistlinger  Ruiyan Jia  Danny Eisermann  Claus Florian Stange 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):601-609

  相似文献   

水稻品种对三江平原稻田温室气体排放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牟长城  陶祥云  黄忠文  于丽丽 《东北林业大学学报》2011,39(11):89-92,107

利用静态箱一气相色谱法研究了三江平原3个主栽水稻品种(空育131、龙粳18、垦鉴稻6)对生长季节稻田CO2、CH4和N2O排放规律、源/汇及其与环境因子关系的影响.结果表明:3个水稻品种的CO2、CH4和N2O平均通量范围分别为405.5 ～ 647.2、9.6 ～20.5 mg·m-2·h-1、4.1 ～6.3 μg...  相似文献   

金属纳米颗粒对蛋白核小球藻生长活性的影响     

汪静  刘娅琛  曲冰  潘超  赵巳茹 《大连水产学院学报》2011,26(5):386-390

研究了金属Fe、Ni纳米颗粒对蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长活性的影响,探讨了金属纳米材料的生物安全性问题。结果表明：Fe、Ni金属纳米颗粒不仅能吸附在藻细胞表面,造成其团聚沉淀,而且还能进入细胞内部,引起细胞的形变和结构损伤,从而抑制了小球藻的正常生长,降低小球藻的生物量,对小球藻具有一定的毒性效应。  相似文献   

16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨的生物活性测定     

莫茂军吴洪基  韩诗畴赵一虎　苏丽婷 《昆虫天敌》2008,30(1):44-49

测定了16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的产卵忌避、驱避及毒杀生物活性。试验结果表明,海芋、山苍子及盐肤木茎叶的乙醇提取物有明显的产卵忌避作用,忌避率在96.43%以上;山苍子、枫香植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的驱避作用明显,驱避率在80%以上;山苍子、盐肤木茎叶、牡荆和幌伞枫提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的毒杀效果明显,在处理72h后,死亡率在92%以上。  相似文献   

,y康汤对复治性肺结核阴虚毒癖证疗效及 T淋巴细胞的影响     

邓红霞  易刚强蒋之 刘艳科 《勤云标准版测试》2011,31(7):46-48

〔摘要〕目的研究傍康汤对复治性肺结核阴虚毒疲证患者T淋巴细胞的影响、方法将%例阴虚毒疲型复治 性肺结核患者随机分为两组:治疗组48例和对照组48例,并设立正常组48例;对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组 在西医常规治疗基础上加服傍康汤,2周为1个疗程,共治疗12个疗程〔观察两组临床疗效及对CD,'',CD,'',CDH''1'' 淋巴细胞、CD,''/CDH+比值的影响〔结果治疗组总有效率为89.60Io,与对照组66.7%比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P< 0.01);两组CD,'',CDH''1''淋巴细胞、C D,''/C DH+比值治疗前与正常组比较有显著差异}P<0.01),治疗后与治疗前比较 C D,'' T淋巴细胞、CD,''/CDH+比值明显升高,CDH'' T淋巴细胞则明显卜降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ) ;治疗后治疗组 CD,'',CD,''/CDH''比值的升高、CDH''的h降均优于对照组(P<0.05 )〔结论傍康汤治疗阴虚毒疲型复治性肺结核疗效确 切,其机制可能是通过改善患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能而起作用、  相似文献   

Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Element Concentrations in Buckwheat by Experimental and Chemometric Approaches          下载免费PDF全文

PENG Lian-xin  ;HUANG Yan-fei  ;LIU Yuan  ;ZHANG Zhi-feng  ;LU Lu-yang  ;ZHAO Gang 《农业科学学报》2014,13(8):1691-1698

The essential and toxic element concentrations in buckwheat were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）. The concentration data were subjected to common chemometrics analyses, including correlation analysis（CA）, principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）, to gain better understanding of the differences among the tested samples. Our results indicated that the essential and toxic element concentrations were not different between Fagopyrum tataricum（L.） Gaertn and F. esculentum Moench. The element concentrations varied among buckwheat samples from different sources. Commercial tartary buckwheat tea contained several essential elements, thus, could be used as the source of essential elements. The detection of toxic heavy metals in commercial tartary buckwheat tea suggested that safety issue of such buckwheat products should be seriously concerned. Our results also revealed that the place of origin and the processing protocol of tartary buckwheat affected the element concentrations of the commercial form. The implications to the quality control and safety evaluation of buckwheat were extensively discussed.  相似文献