Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange     

Paul C. Stoy  Mathew Williams  Mathias Disney  Ana Prieto-Blanco  Brian Huntley  Robert Baxter  Philip Lewis 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(7):971-986

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.  相似文献   

Selection of taxa as indicators of river and freshwater wetland quality in the UK     

Mark Everard 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(6):1052-1061

• 1. To assess the efficacy of environmental management policies and practices, there is a progressive transition from monitoring of activities towards assessment of their outcomes for the environment.
• 2. Population trends of key taxonomic groups can serve as useful indicators of broader environmental integrity and health. Several necessary and desirable criteria for selecting meaningful and suitable indicators are discussed. The attributes of a range of taxa and survey methods used for their assessment are discussed with reference to these criteria.
• 3. Survey methods, data holdings and analytical methods for populations of wild birds at present provide a good basis for developing indicators of the quality of fresh waters at a landscape scale. Other taxa are not necessarily any less appropriate; however, survey design and data representativeness are often limiting factors to the use of other taxa for assessing geographic and temporal trends.
• 4. Taxonomic science and ecological monitoring are necessary for determining society' progress with sustainable development and for informing appropriate enhancements to policy and management practice, particularly so for fresh waters.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) mortality in relation to the winter mixed layer depth in the Kuroshio Extension region     

HARUKA NISHIKAWA  ICHIRO YASUDA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2008,17(5):411-420

A drastic population change in Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) has been noted as being related to winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension region. The former studies suggest two possible explanations. One is that temperature itself affects sardine. The other is that SST represents the environmental change of the Kuroshio Extension region and other causes directly affecting sardine. In this study, we found that sardine mortality from post‐larva to age 1 negatively correlated with the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio Extension region from 1979 to 1993. During the period of a deep winter mixed layer (during the early 1980s), sardine mortality was low, whereas mortality was high when the winter mixed layer was shallow (during the late 1980s to early 1990s). By using a lower trophic‐level ecosystem model forced by the observed time series of MLD, SST, light intensity and nutrient data, we found that the estimated spring zooplankton density drastically varies from year to year and has a significant negative correlation with sardine mortality. The inter‐annual variation of spring zooplankton density is caused by the winter MLD variation. During the deep winter mixed layer years, a phytoplankton bloom occurs in spring, whereas during the shallow winter mixed layer years, the bloom occurs in winter. The results of our study suggest that the decline in the Japanese sardine population during the late 1980s to early 1990s was due to an insufficient spring food supply in the Kuroshio Extension region where sardine larvae and juvenile are transported.  相似文献   

地被植物在南京仙林大学城景观规划中的应用     

何红  陈云雯  邢后银 《中国园艺文摘》2009,25(5):71-72

阐述园林地被植物的概念、生态习性,调查研究南京仙林大学城绿地中常见的多年生草本地被植物,同时对地被植物在景观规划中的配置应用及存在的问题进行探讨。  相似文献   

Reproductive seasonality in a swamp-locked African cichlid     

E. E. Reardon  L. J. Chapman 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):20-29

Abstract –  This study quantified the seasonal pattern of reproduction in a swamp-dwelling population of the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. In the hypoxic waters of the Lwamunda Swamp, Uganda, P. multicolor was reproductively active throughout the year, even during the peak of the dry seasons. However, the degree of activity was seasonal, with rainfall providing a predictor of the percentage of ripe, mature females. There was no correlation between aquatic oxygen availability dissolved oxygen (DO) and either adjusted mean gonad mass or percentage of mature females, suggesting that DO is not limiting reproductive activity in this system. Reproductively mature females were larger during drier periods and may maximise their lifetime reproductive success by producing young throughout the year; but with a lower brooding efficiency. A comparison with Welcomme's (1969) study of a river-swamp system feeding Lake Victoria suggests that reproductive patterning is variable among populations of P. multicolor and may reflect adaptive response to chronically hypoxic conditions in the Lwamunda Swamp.  相似文献   

35技术在城市森林研究中的应用     

刘光菊  尹锴  朱亮  袁超  王强 《中国城市林业》2012,10(4)

总结国内外3s技术在城市森林研究领域应用现状,分析其不足,即遥感学家与植物生态学家缺乏沟通、被动遥感优势尚未挖掘、生态系统服务制图滞后、生态系统管理中忽视信息系统建设,以及景观规划的精确性与客观性有待提高等,在此基础上提出相应改进建议,以期为我国城市森林的3S技术应用和城市森林建设工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

从城市生态绿地系统建设探讨园林苗木生产     

罗文扬  卢山  罗萍 《热带作物学报》2009,29(4):60-64

城市生态绿地系统的建设需应遵循生物多样性保护、地被性植物群落保护、乡土树种保护和自然环境修复的原则。在此原则指导下,对苗木的种类、形态、功能以及引种方面提出不同的要求,并指出苗木生产的发展方向和具体措施。  相似文献   

溧阳市生物多样性评价     

胡义涛  朱颖  莫晓琪  陈德超 《贵州农业科学》2016,(7):130-132

为溧阳市生物多样性的保护与利用提供依据,以溧阳市生物物种资源普查成果报告和溧阳天目湖森林公园植物资源调查报告为本底数据,采用综合指标体系评价方法对溧阳市生物多样性进行评价。结果表明:溧阳市生物多样性的综合评分为75分,其中物种多样性评分为35分,生态系统多样性评分为40分。溧阳市生物多样性评价结果等级为一般。  相似文献   

抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)在黑土生态系统种植的安全性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

吕晓波  王宏燕  刘琦  赵光  李希臣  徐广惠  张俐俐  刘佳  刘昭军  李宁  李铁  雷勃钧 《大豆科学》2009,28(2)

为明确抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)在黑土生态系统种植的安全性,经过连续3年田间和盆栽试验,分析了抗草甘膦转基因漂移(漂流)可能性.及抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)在黑土区对根际牛态系统微牛物数量,氮代谢和两种土壤酶活性的影响结果表明:在自然条件理花粉漂移几乎足不可能的,但如人为加大虫媒传播(大于10头·m-2),抗草甘瞵基因的漂移概率接近0.05%,漂移距离为0.7 m RRS除对根际真菌数影响不显著外,对根际土壤细菌、放线菌、氨化和硝化细菌均表现降低趋势在大豆不同生育期,RRS除对根际上壤真菌数影响不显著外,对根际士壤细菌,放线菌,氨化和硝化细菌均表现降低趋势;RRS根际士壤细菌多样性指数与均匀度指数均低于亲本RRS-S;氨化强度与RRS-S相比差异不显著,RRS根际土壤硝化强度显著低于亲本RRS-S;RRS降低了过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性.  相似文献   

应用底栖动物完整性指数评价水源地水库溪流健康状态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

池仕运  竺维佳  施练东  胡菊香  陈胜  马沛明  赵先富 《水生态学杂志》2012,33(2):17-25

及时了解水源地水库入库溪流的水生态健康状态对保障供水安全十分重要。依据2010-2011年对浙江省水源地汤浦水库的环境和底栖动物观测资料建立了底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)。根据Shannon-Wiener指数、百分比模式相似性指数(PMA)和多元统计分析结果对参照条件进行量化并确立参照点群。从60个候选参数中筛选出6个核心参数参与构建B-IBI指标体系,采用四分法进行量纲的统一,以参照点群25%分位值作为水生态系统健康与否的阈值,并对小于25%的分位值分布范围进行2等分,确立了水源地汤浦水库入库溪流健康评价标准:B-IBI>25.50,健康;B-IBI 12.75～25.50,亚健康;B-IBI<12.75,差。B-IBI分值与溶氧水平和pH显著正相关(P<0.05)。  相似文献