Arthrographis kalrae soluble antigens present hemolytic and cytotoxic activities     

《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014,37(5-6):305-311

Arthrographis kalrae is a dimorphic, cosmopolitan and neurotropic fungus that has been described as a rare human pathogen. This study investigated the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of A. kalrae cell-free antigens (CFAs). Total CFAs and their Sephadex chromatography fractions were tested on mouse erythrocytes for hemolysis and on the P3U1 cell line for cytotoxicity. Hemolytic and cytotoxic activities were detected in distinct molecular mass (MM) fractions. Additionally, antibodies against isogenic erythrocytes sensitized with CFAs (anti-E-CFAs) inhibited hemolysis but not cytotoxicity. Hemolysis was not affected by heating, and a higher reactivity was detected in the carbohydrate-rich fractions, which decreased after reduction by periodate treatment. The pioneering nature of this work is due to the demonstration of the cytotoxic activity in A. kalrae and the suggestion that this activity may be due to molecules distinct from the hemolytic factor, with the latter potentially being a component with a high MM.  相似文献   

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungivorous nematodes on the growth and arsenic uptake of tobacco in arsenic-contaminated soils     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

The effects of inoculation with two AM fungi (M1, Glomus caledonium; M2, Glomus spp. and Acaulospora spp.) and a fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. on growth and arsenic (As) uptake of Nicotiana tabacum L. were investigated in soils contaminated with a range of As. The reproduction of Aphelenchoides sp. was triggered by the co-inoculation of AM fungi regardless of AM fungal isolates and As levels. Stimulative effects of Aphelenchoides sp. on the development of mycorrhiza, slightly different between two AM fungi, were found particularly at the lowest As level. Irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculi, increasing soil As level decreased plant growth, but increased plant As uptake. Co-inoculation of AM fungi and Aphelenchoides sp. led plants to achieving further growth and greater As accumulation at the lowest As level. Results showed that the interactions between AM fungi and fungivorous nematodes were important in plant As tolerance and phytoextraction at low level As-polluted soil.  相似文献   

绿肥影响农田土传病害的研究进展     

魏勇  高嵩涓  曹卫东  段廷玉 《草地学报》2021,29(8):1605-1614

土传病害是制约我国农业可持续发展的因素之一。绿肥作为高效清洁的有机肥源,与主作物合理搭配,可有效降低主作物土传病害的发生和危害,是减少化学药剂使用的重要措施。因此,综述绿肥对土传病害的防控效果与机制,对于绿肥推广应用和土传病害绿色防控具有重要意义。绿肥影响作物土传病害的研究主要集中于土传真菌病害和线虫病害,且大多数研究表明,绿肥可通过增强主作物整体抗病水平,对病原菌的化感抑制作用和改善土壤理化性质,增加土壤微生物中拮抗菌多样性和丰富度等,显著降低主作物土传病害发病率和严重程度。然而,绿肥影响主作物病害的作用机制研究不够深入,绿肥-主作物搭配模式和绿肥调控主作物病害的社会经济学效益仍需探究。同时,加强绿肥-主作物病害一体化防控及绿肥与根际促生菌、生防菌等其他有机改良剂或与适当的化学防控措施之间协同作用的研究,是未来需要加强的研究方向。  相似文献   

机械力催化玉米秸秆醇解合成乙酰丙酸乙酯工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖卫华  吕雪  侯涛  陈雪礼  赵广路  刘欢 《农业机械学报》2017,48(9):295-302

利用农作物秸秆醇解合成乙酰丙酸酯近年来受到广泛关注,但秸秆的难降解结构制约了秸秆的醇解利用。机械球磨是一种新兴的机械预处理方式,机械力作用可以有效破坏生物质致密结构,提高生物质化学反应性能。以玉米秸秆为对象,首先研究了球磨工艺对乙酰丙酸乙酯及其中间产物和副产物的影响,考察了催化剂类型、催化剂浸渍球磨、球磨时间、球磨介质填充率和球料体积比等因素;球磨显著提高了乙酰丙酸乙酯的产率。在相同H+浓度的条件下,催化剂酸性越强催化效果越好;球磨时间对乙酰丙酸乙酯的影响最大,介质填充率和球料体积比对乙酰丙酸乙酯产率的影响不显著;以乙酰丙酸乙酯产率为指标优化出的球磨工艺为:不添加催化剂球磨,球磨时间为60 min、介质填充率为35%、球料体积比为2。在此球磨条件下,乙酰丙酸乙酯的摩尔产率由20.08%提高到33.34%,基于纤维素的醇解产物总产率由73.18%提高到83.03%。  相似文献   

Analysis on the self-locking effect and slipping motion of balls in the screw pair     

GONG Xian-sheng  LIU Zhi-qiang  QUAN Wei 《保鲜与加工》2010,(12):27-33

In view of self-locking and slipping phenomenon on restricting high-speed operation of ball screw, the model of ball screw is constructed and theoretical analysis of the movement feature of ball screw is made to reveal the reason of self-locking and slipping, and its influence on high-speed operation. Then the sliding speed format of ball screw is derived according to the movement rules of ball screw, and effective methods to avoid ball self-locking and slipping are put forward. Dynamics analysis is conducted with ADAMS software. Simulation results have confirmed the correctness of ball screw’ movement.  相似文献   

钢球滚子弧面分度凸轮载荷分布   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

付振山  冯显英  李蕾  张成梁 《农业机械学报》2011,42(5):231-234

运用空间啮合原理和回转张量法,推导出凸轮滚道截形采用双圆弧结构时,钢球滚子弧面分度凸轮的廓面方程和啮合方程.应用赫兹接触理论和变形协调条件,推导出载荷在每个参与啮合钢球中的分配关系.通过实例计算,发现每个钢球上的载荷大小分配不同,在钢球的啮入、啮出点,钢球受力发生突变,参与啮合的钢球数目越多,每个钢球的受力越小.  相似文献   

广州地区番石榴病害鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Liu Ren 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》1991,(1)

根据近几年对广州地区番石榴病害调查,初步鉴定出番石榴病害13种;真菌病害12种,藻类病害1种。其中果实病害7种,叶斑类6种。果实上以炭疽病严重,其次为褐腐病。黑腐病(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.);褐腐病(phomopsis psidii de Camara);茎点霉果腐病(phoma psidii Ahmad);果褐点病(Cercospora psidii Rengel);褐污斑病(Mycovellosiella myrtacearum A.N.Rai et al );叶斑病(phyllosticta psidii.Tassi);叶枯病(phomopsis destructum D.P.C. Rao,Agrawal et Saksena);灰斑病(pestalotiopsis disseminatum (Thuem.)Stey.)8种病害系国内首次报道。3种病原为新种,将另文发表。本文最后讨论了有待于进一步研究的问题。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆降解真菌的筛选鉴定     

张艳萍  赵瑛  张运晖 《甘肃农业科技》2022,53(5):55-59

为筛选适宜的玉米秸秆纤维素降解菌株作为玉米秸秆腐熟菌剂菌株资源储备,通过采用腐殖玉米秸秆土壤微生物培养筛选、刚果红水解圈测试及酶活测定等多种方法的应用,筛选得到2株具有纤维降解能力的真菌1#菌株和2#菌株。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步确定1#菌株为长枝木霉,2#菌株为聚多曲霉。真菌1#菌株和2#菌株在刚果红培养基上均呈现比生长圈大2倍的水解圈。2个菌株在液体、固体2种酶液发酵情况下均表现内切酶活较强（65.202～217.614 U/mL）,均高于外切酶活（55.398～85.322 U/mL）和滤纸酶活（46.074～141.366U/mL）,认为这2个菌株可作为玉米秸秆专用腐熟菌剂研发的储备菌株。  相似文献   

球磨机齿轮传动的可靠性优化设计     

梁宝英 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,24(1):75-78

本文将球磨机齿轮传动的设计变量处理成随机变量，将可靠度做为设计变量的约束条件，建立了球磨机齿轮传动的可靠性优化设计的数学模型，并以齿轮传动的体积最小为目标圆柱齿轮传动进行了优化，结果表明，模型是准确可靠的。  相似文献   

真菌侵染对泡桐材微观结构及主要组分的影响     

常德龙  胡伟华  黄文豪  李福海  张云岭 《东北林业大学学报》2001,29(3):25-27

进行了变色真菌对泡桐木材微观构造及主要组分的影响研究,作了链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata)侵染泡桐木材试验,检测了真菌对泡桐木材的侵染状况,并确定了真菌侵蚀泡桐木材的主要部位,测试了泡桐木材在真菌作用下的成分变化,阐明了真菌导致泡桐木材发生变色的物理化学过程。  相似文献