Endophytic-Host Selectivity of Discula umbrinella on Quercus alba and Quercus rubra Characterized by Infection, Pathogenicity and Mycelial Compatibility     

Susan D. Cohen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(7):713-721

The fungal endophytic–host relationships of Discula umbrinella and two oak species, Quercus alba and Quercus rubra, were characterized on the basis of endophytic infection, pathogenicity, and mycelial compatibility. Isolates of D. umbrinella were cultured from leaves of Q. alba and Q. rubra collected from a hardwood forest located in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, USA. Endophytic infection was observed on sterile leaf discs and living 2-month-old seedlings of Q. alba and Q. rubra. Fungal-host reciprocal inoculations revealed the presence of conidiomata on both hosts but conidiomata production was more abundant on Q. alba. Isolates from Q. rubra produced milder disease symptoms on both oak species. Mycelial compatibility studies identified seven different MCG groups. MCG groups 1–3 contained isolates from both oak species whereas MCG groups 4–7 contained host specific isolates. Field studies monitored the seasonal appearance of the sexual fruiting structures, perithecia, as a possible source of new genetic variation that might alter host specificity/pathogenicity of the D. umbrinella isolates on Q. alba and Q. rubra hosts. Only 1–2% of the leaves contained perithecia throughout the sampling period (April–September). Isolates collected from Q. alba differed from those collected from Q. rubra in endophytic infection, pathogenic response, and perithecia production. The results of this study suggest that the endophyte–host relationship is one of host selective preference for Q. alba, but that the endophyte has the ability to maintain the endophytic/pathogenic life cycle on the less preferred host species, Q. rubra.  相似文献   

内生真菌对高寒草地紫花针茅凋落物分解的影响     

宋梅玲  王玉琴  王宏生  鲍根生 《草业学报》2021,30(9):150-158

禾草内生真菌对于提高宿主植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐性发挥着积极作用,然而,禾草内生真菌共生体凋落物分解对于草地生态系统养分循环的影响仍不清楚。本研究以紫花针茅为研究对象,比较带内生真菌（E+）与不带内生真菌（E-）植株凋落物分解过程中重量及全氮、木质素和纤维素含量,以及木质素∶N、纤维素∶N与全氮、木质素和纤维素残留率的变化,以期揭示内生真菌在紫花针茅凋落物分解过程中发挥的作用。主要结果如下：E+紫花针茅凋落物分解速率高于E-,具有更短的分解周期;随着时间的延长,紫花针茅凋落物木质素含量和木质素∶N由E+显著高于E-逐渐变为二者之间差异不显著,纤维素含量、纤维素∶N和纤维素残留率则逐渐变为E+显著低于E-;另外,随着分解时间延长,E+和E-凋落物全氮含量呈上升趋势,而全氮残留率呈现出下降-上升-下降的趋势,且后期E+显著低于E-。因此,内生真菌不同程度地促进了紫花针茅凋落物全氮、木质素和纤维素的降解。  相似文献   

疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis次级代谢产物分析     

薛瑞旭  权海云  任祯慧  路浩  赵宝玉 《动物医学进展》2016,(7):64-70

为阐明疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis次级代谢产物的化学组成,为其生物活性研究和开发利用提供依据,以本实验室保存的疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis为研究菌株,采用察氏液体培养基对该菌发酵培养30d,收集菌丝体和发酵液,按照植物化学成分传统预试方法进行预试。在此基础上用不同极性有机溶剂梯度萃取得到菌丝体和发酵液石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相,经薄层色谱检测及气相检测方法对其次级代谢产物进行初步分析。系统预试表明,Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物中含有生物碱、蛋白质、酚类与鞣质、黄酮类、醌类、挥发油和油脂等物质;薄层色谱检测发现,Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物中至少含有5种化合物,且菌丝体和发酵液正丁醇相均有苦马豆素及其类似物存在;气相色谱分析Undifilum oxytropis发酵液中苦马豆素含量为5.17×10~(-3)g/L。疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物含有苦马豆素等多种次级代谢产物。  相似文献   

Fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari B3 enriches the diversity of nodular culturable endophytic bacteria associated with continuous cropping of peanut     

Jia-Rui Wu  Fang-Ji Xu  Wei Cao  Wei Zhang  Chuan-Chao Dai 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(2):240-252

Previously, the application of the fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari B3 exhibited notable effect in alleviating soil obstacles caused by continuous cropping of peanut. It was supposed that P. liquidambari B3 could enhance the efficiency of nodulation and nitrogen fixation by enriching the diversity of nodular endophytic bacteria under continous monocropping system. To verify this hypothesis, a pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions. Four treatments were set as follow: discontinuous cropping soil (NS), continuous cropping soil (CK), continuous cropping soil inoculate with actived P. liquidambari B3 (CSB3), and continuous cropping soil inoculate with sterilized P. liquidambari B3 (CSIB3). As a result, a total of 120 isolates were obtained. Our study clearly declared that the addition of fungal endophyte effectively enriched the genetic diversity and the community composition in CSB3. In contrast, a low genetic diversity level and simplex community structure were exhibited in CK and CSIB3. Meanwhile, the positive percentage rate and corresponding community composition of the plant growth-promoting isolates in NS and CSB3 were larger and more abundant than the other. This is the first time to describe the effects of fungal endophytes on the diversity of the nodular culturable endophytic bacteria associated with continuous cropping of peanut.  相似文献   

海南粗榧内生真菌F127发酵液的次级代谢产物研究     

李培  阳辉蓉  胡晓苹  李从发  徐传标  马敏珺  刘四新 《热带作物学报》2017,38(5):962-968

对海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li.)内生真菌F127发酵液化学组分进行研究。用多种色谱技术对F127代谢产物进行分离纯化,以LC-MS、ESI-MS和超导核磁共振分析鉴定化合物结构,最后采用MTT法测定化合物的抗肿瘤活性。从海南粗榧内生真菌F127的发酵液中分离得到5个单体化合物,分别鉴定为oblongolide T(1)、sorbicillin(2)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(3)、phomopsolide B(4)、6,8-二羟基-3-甲基-3,4-二氢异香豆素(5),且化合物1、4、5对肿瘤细胞K562、NB4、HL-60、Hep G-2和Lovo表现出不同抑制活性。化合物4对5株肿瘤细胞均表现出抑制活性,对K562、NB4、HL-60抑制效果显著,IC50值分别为3.35、0.014和0.16μg/m L,对Hep G-2和Lo Vo只有温和抑制作用;化合物1对K562、NB4、HL-60抑制作用良好,IC50值分别为51.82、54.25和29.31μg/m L;化合物5对NB4和Hep G-2则具有一定抑制活性;化合物2和3对测试细胞株未表现出抑制活性。5个化合物均是首次从海南粗榧内生真菌中分离得到,并首次报道了化合物1、4对K562、NB4、HL-60的优良细胞毒活性,为进一步研究海南粗榧内生真菌中的活性天然产物奠定了基础。  相似文献   

生防菌R-4的鉴定及其对玉米南方锈病的防效     

赵晨晨  焦铸锦  庞发虎  王坦  王潞  李森  陶爱丽  黄思良 《玉米科学》2017,25(2):136-141

对分离自玉米植株的内生细菌R-4进行鉴定,测试其对玉米南方锈病(SCR)的防病增产效果。用盆栽方法测定菌株R-4对玉米植株的促生效果,根据16S r DNA序列对菌株R-4进行鉴定,采用自然发病方式测试其对SCR的防病增产效果。结果表明,菌株R-4处理玉米的发芽率、播种后18 d株高、播种后28 d株高、植株地上部干重及根干重比对照分别增加17.19%、32.03%、41.80%、92.53%和37.03%。通过16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株R-4鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。菌株R-4在先玉335、银糯1号、浚单20上对SCR的防效达39.2%~92.1%(平均为65.7%),经该菌处理后玉米增产2.58%~9.02%(平均为6.66%)。  相似文献   

Root‐associated microbes in sustainable agriculture: models,metabolites and mechanisms     

Linda S Thomashow  Youn‐Sig Kwak  David M Weller 《Pest management science》2019,75(9):2360-2367

Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928 and throughout the ‘age of antibiotics’ from the 1940s until the 1980s, the detection of novel antibiotics was restricted by lack of knowledge about the distribution and ecology of antibiotic producers in nature. The discovery that a phenazine compound produced by Pseudomonas bacteria could suppress soilborne plant pathogens, and its recovery from rhizosphere soil in 1990, provided the first incontrovertible evidence that natural metabolites could control plant pathogens in the environment and opened a new era in biological control by root‐associated rhizobacteria. More recently, the advent of genomics, the availability of highly sensitive bioanalytical instrumentation, and the discovery of protective endophytes have accelerated progress toward overcoming many of the impediments that until now have limited the exploitation of beneficial plant‐associated microbes to enhance agricultural sustainability. Here, we present key developments that have established the importance of these microbes in the control of pathogens, discuss concepts resulting from the exploration of classical model systems, and highlight advances emerging from ongoing investigations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用     

傅本重  邹路路 《中国果业信息》2019,48(1)

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。  相似文献   

Transcriptome analysis for understanding the mechanism of dark septate endophyte S16 in promoting the growth and nitrate uptake of sweet cherry          下载免费PDF全文

Fan-lin WU  De-hui QU  Wei TIAN  Meng-yun WANG  Fei-yan CHEN  Ke-ke LI  Ya-dong SUN  Ying-hua SU  Li-na YANG  Hong-yan SU  Lei WANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(7):1819-1831

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植物内生菌对柑橘溃疡病的生物防治作用及应用前景     

金玲莉  匡全  王彦波 《江西农业学报》2012,24(6):74-75,79

从植物内生菌的抗病机理及生物防治病害作用方面综述了利用植物内生菌防治柑橘溃疡病的机理与优势,并对其生物防治应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献