Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol     

Rita de Cassia F&#;LIX ALVAREZ  Renato de Mello PRADO  Guilherme FELISBERTO  Ang&#;lica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS  Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):597-606

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   

柴油污染土壤改良对黑麦草生长适应性的影响     

赵绚  何兴东  张京磊 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(1):79-85

通过开展柴油单因素实验和锯末、硝酸铵、磷酸二氢钾3因素改良实验,对黑麦草幼苗生长指标及氮磷含量进行测定分析,以探讨黑麦草在柴油污染土壤中及土壤改良后生长情况的变化。结果表明,柴油质量分数为0.9%时,黑麦草幼苗株高、地上部和地下部生物量分别较对照显著下降了58.87%、98.07%、91.23%,叶片和根部全氮含量和氮/磷比也较对照显著降低。在质量分数为0.9%的柴油污染土壤中添加3种土壤改良剂后,10%体积分数的锯末可使黑麦草幼苗株高和地上部生物量分别显著增加27.48%和24.70%,同时10%体积分数的锯末具有显著增加叶片全氮含量和氮/磷比的作用。可见,在柴油浓度为0.9%的污染土壤中施加体积分数为10%的锯末可显著增强黑麦草幼苗的生长适应性。  相似文献   

添加氧化镁和铵明矾对菜田高磷土壤活性磷的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱謇  樊秉乾  郜斌斌  陈清 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(5):948-955

为研究不同种类钝化剂对土壤磷素的固定效果,通过室内培养试验,向土壤中添加氧化镁、铵明矾及二者不同比例的混合物,研究其对土壤0.01 mol·L~(-1)CaCl_2浸提磷、0.5 mol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3浸提磷含量及磷素组分的影响。结果表明:与未钝化的对照处理相比,向土壤分别添加0.5%和2.0%(m/m)的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物培养45 d后,均显著降低了土壤CaCl_2浸提磷含量。添加氧化镁或铵明矾分别降低了87.8%(0.5%)、98.0%(2.0%)和44.4%(0.5%)、88.8%(2.0%)的CaCl_2浸提磷含量,而二者混合物的钝化效果明显弱于氧化镁。添加2.0%的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物对土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷含量降低明显,但氧化镁和铵明矾的混合物降低土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷的效果弱于铵明矾。对培养45 d后的土壤进行Hedley分组测定磷素组分发现,添加氧化镁或铵明矾显著降低了土壤H_2O浸提总磷和NaHCO_3浸提总磷含量,添加铵明矾显著增加了土壤中Na OH浸提总磷的含量。氧化镁、铵明矾和土壤活性磷不同的作用机理是导致氧化镁固定CaCl_2-P效果显著而铵明矾固定Olsen-P效果显著的主要原因。  相似文献   

单竹属一新品种‘花皮单竹’     

黄程前  刘玮  黄文韬  郑硕理  陈白冰  黄滔 《世界竹藤通讯》2018,16(6):48

‘花皮单竹’属于竹亚科单竹属Lingnania McClure的单竹Lingnania cerosissima McClure变异株,经多年选优、培育而成的栽培竹新品种。‘花皮单竹’为大型合轴型丛生竹,秆高6~8 m,直径4.5~6.5 cm;全秆和部分竹枝具黄绿相间条纹,全秆被厚白蜡粉。而单竹秆型相对较小,其秆高3~7 m,直径2~5 cm,竹秆通体绿色,不具条纹,幼时被白蜡粉。经10年的繁育观测,其性状稳定,适宜于年均温17~20℃、年降水量1 000~2 000 mm、海拔6 00 m以下的长江流域以南广大地区栽培。  相似文献   

Genomic and transcriptomic insights into cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes involved in nicosulfuron tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)     

Xiao-min LIU  Xian XU  Bing-hua LI  Xiao-xia YAO  Huan-huan ZHANG  Gui-qi WANG  Yu-jun HAN 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1790-1799

  相似文献   

Strawberry vein banding virus P6 protein intracellular transport and an important domain identification     

Yuan PAN  Xiu-hong ZHOU  Shuai LI  Ming-feng FENG  Man-ling SHI  Deng-pan ZUO  Xi-zi JIANG  Jing CHEN  Ya-hui HU  Xiang-xiang ZHANG  Tong JIANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(9):2031-2041

Strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV)-infected strawberry cells contain cytoplasmic inclusions with isometric particles.To identify the components of the inclusions,green fluorescent protein(GFP)was fused to the carboxy-terminus(C-terminus)of SVBV open reading frames,these constructs were separately transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Results showed that the SVBV P6 protein assembled into prominent and amorphous inclusion bodies(IBs).To investigate P6 subcellular localization,P6-GFP was ectopically expressed in N.benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration and then stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI).We found the P6 protein accumulated in the nuclei and also formed cytoplasmic IBs with different sizes.To further determine the location of P6 IBs in the cytoplasm,and explore whether the P6 IBs move freely or depend on cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum(ER),the microfilament marker protein(GFP-ABD2-GFP),microtubules marker protein(m Cherry-MAP65-1)and ER marker protein(m Cherry-HDEL)were separately coexpressed with P6-GFP and into N.benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration,exhibiting that P6 IBs aligned with cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum.Meanwhile,coinfiltration of P1 and P6 indicated the P6colocalized with the P1 protein at periphery of cells.The P6 protein contains one C-terminal nuclear localization signal(NLS)region,a P6 protein mutant with a deleted NLS did not localize in the nucleus,did not form IBs,and was unable to facilitate exogenous GFP expression.These results demonstrate that the deleted NLS region is an important P6 domain required for biological functions.In summary,the mobile P6 IBs are associated with ER,microfilaments and microtubules and move along microfilaments to the SVBV P1 protein in the PD.  相似文献   

中国农牧交错带燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量初步研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙洪仁  曾红  刘江扬  徐艺泉  马悦然 《中国农学通报》2018,34(10):101-105

为了给中国农牧交错带燕麦施肥提供科学依据,采用土壤有效养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法、土壤有效养分丰缺分级改良方案和“养分平衡—地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了中国农牧交错带燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。结果表明,中国农牧交错带燕麦土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1～8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、27～45、16～27、9～16、5.5～9、3.5～5.5、2.0～3.5和＜2.0 mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率20%、目标产量1.5～6.0 t/hm₂时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1～8级的适宜施磷量范围依次为0～0、8～30、15～60、23～90、30～120、38～150、45～180和53～210 kg/hm₂。  相似文献   

生物炭对红壤茶园溶磷细菌数量数量及和土壤磷形态转化有效磷含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑慧芬  曾玉荣  王成己  李振武  罗旭辉  王义祥  翁伯琦 《中国农学通报》2018,34(18):114-118

为检测施用生物炭对酸性红壤土壤磷转化和土壤溶磷细菌数量的影响,用茶园土进了8周的接种溶磷细菌的微缩土壤培养实验,设置了0%、1%、3%（重量比）3种添加生物炭处理。结果表明：接种后土壤溶磷细菌数量迅速下降,而施用生物炭显著增加了茶园溶磷细菌的数量,为不施用生物炭的对照处理的10.5~15.25倍。此外,添加生物炭显著提高了土壤pH值、土壤有效磷(Bray-P)含量与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。相关性分析结果表明：红壤茶园土壤溶磷细菌数量与土壤有机碳、总氮、总磷、有效磷、pH值、碱性磷酸酶活性之间均呈显著正相关关系,与土壤酸性磷酸酶活性呈负相关关系。总之,与对照处理相比较,添加生物炭可以增加红壤茶园土壤溶磷细菌的数量,并对土壤磷素起到活化作用。 关键词：生物炭;溶磷细菌;土壤有效磷;土壤碱性磷酸酶;红壤茶园  相似文献   

云南哈尼梯田红米地方品种遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马孟莉  郑云  周晓梅  张婷婷  张晓倩  卢丙越 《作物杂志》2018,34(5):21-3357

云南元阳哈尼梯田有丰富的水稻品种,特别是红米资源。本研究利用均匀分布于水稻基因组的100对简单序列重复（SSR）标记分析元阳哈尼梯田60份红米地方品种遗传多样性。100对SSR引物共扩增条带477个,平均每对引物扩增4.770个条带;有效等位基因数（Ne）从1.035~6.000,平均为2.518;香农多样性指数（I）为0.086~1.912,平均为1.016;多态性信息含量（PIC）范围为0.064~0.838,平均为0.519;基因杂合度（H）从0到0.950,平均为0.167;聚类分析可将60个红米品种分为两大类,第一类为籼稻亚种,包括57个水稻品种,第二类只有3个品种,为粳稻亚种。研究表明云南哈尼梯田水稻红米品种具有丰富的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

河南省不同轮作区双低杂交油菜氮磷钾肥的效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡东芳  王建平  张书芬  何俊平  曹金华  文雁成  赵磊  王东国  朱家成 《作物杂志》2018,34(6):130-1356

确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用“3414”最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N₂P₂K₃,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm ²,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N₂P₂K₃,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N₁P₁K₂,产量为2 801.4kg/hm ²,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm ²,相比最高产量的施肥配方N₂P₃K₂,产值减少875.3元/hm ²,经济效益增长472.4元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N₁P₁K₂,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。  相似文献