Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Lin  ZHANG Fu-cun  JING Yuan-shu  JIANG Xiao-dong  YANG Shen-bin  HAN Xiao-mei 《水稻科学》2014,21(2):108-115

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.  相似文献   

基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光的柑橘黄龙病原位诊断     

陈硕博  沈煜韬  谢鹏尧  陆旭琦  何勇  岑海燕 《农业工程学报》2022,38(9):324-332

柑橘黄龙病（Huanglongbing, HLB）是柑橘生产中的毁灭性病害,柑橘植株遭到黄龙病菌侵染后光合能力发生变化而后表现出相应的黄化症状。及早实现HLB的原位快速诊断是防控HLB的重要手段。为探究黄龙病菌侵染柑橘叶片的光合响应机制并实现HLB的原位诊断,该研究分析了健康（Healthy）、未显症HLB（asymptomatic HLB, aHLB）、显症HLB（symptomatic HLB, sHLB）以及黄斑病（Macular,症状与黄龙病相似）柑橘叶片的光合参数与光合色素含量差异。利用光谱技术与日光诱导叶绿素荧光（Sun-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, SIF）技术分析了4种类型柑橘叶片的反射率光谱与SIF光谱差异。采用竞争自适应重加权采样（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling, CARS）算法结合反射率光谱筛选出特征波段,采用SIF光谱的峰值位置（687和741 nm）构建了上行（Upward, Up）和下行（Downward, Dw）SIF产量指数（Up687, Up741, Dw687, Dw741, Up687/741, Dw687/741）。进一步分别利用特征波段的反射率和SIF产量指数,结合K最邻近（K-nearest Neighbor, KNN）分类算法构建了柑橘黄龙病的诊断模型。结果表明,黄龙病菌的侵染使柑橘叶片的光合作用明显减弱,在未显症时期已经表现出来,证明了SIF技术在诊断早期HLB的优势。基于特征波段反射率的KNN模型对未显症HLB和显症HLB的诊断精度为72.7%和75.6%,健康叶片和黄斑病叶片分别为82.2%和64.1%,而基于687和741 nm波长处的上行比值SIF产量指数Up687/741构建的KNN模型对未显症HLB和显症HLB的诊断精度为84.8%和91.1%,健康和黄斑病叶片分别为88.9%和82.1%,均优于反射率光谱模型。结果证明了SIF技术用于诊断柑橘HLB的潜力,为实现柑橘HLB的田间原位、快速、早期诊断提供了可能。  相似文献   

基于CARS-RUN-ELM算法的水稻叶片氮磷含量协同反演方法     

许童羽  金忠煜  郭忠辉  杨柳  白驹驰  冯帅  于丰华 《农业工程学报》2022,38(10):148-155

同时反演氮、磷元素含量相对于单一元素反演可以更加全面地表达水稻的营养状况,为快速、准确获取水稻叶片氮、磷含量和精准变量施肥提供依据。该研究基于不同氮肥处理的田间小区试验,获取水稻叶片氮、磷含量数据,采用竞争性自适应重加权采样法（Competitive Adapative Reweighted Sampling,CARS）筛选氮素与磷素共同特征波长,以特征波长反射率为输入,以化学方法测得叶片氮、磷元素含量为输出,分别使用反向传播神经网络、极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）、龙格-库塔算法优化极限学习机（RUNge Kutta optimizer-Extreme Learning Machine,RUN-ELM）构建水稻叶片氮、磷含量反演模型并分析。结果表明：采用CARS方法有效去除了高光谱中大量无用、冗余信息,得到5个氮、磷元素共同特征波长,去除具有共线性的特征波长,最后筛选出的特征波长分别是451、488、780、813 nm。使用筛选后的特征波长反射率构建RUN-ELM水稻叶片氮、磷含量反演模型效果最好,氮素训练集的决定系数R2为0.690,均方根误差为0.669 mg/g,磷素训练集的决定系数R2为0.620,均方根误差为0.027 mg/g。通过对比,RUN-ELM在预测能力、模型稳定性上优于反向传播神经网络以及ELM模型。综上研究,基于CARS-RUN-ELM的水稻叶片氮、磷含量反演模型可以快速、准确获取水稻叶片氮、磷含量,可为水稻精准施肥提供参考。  相似文献   

不同来源有机肥释放的溶解有机质粒径分布与光谱特征     

李财生  吴月颖  陈丽铭  吴治澎  侯正伟  黄成  吉恒宽  符传良  吴蔚东 《植物营养与肥料学报》2022,28(6):961-971

  【目的】  研究不同来源有机肥释放的溶解有机质 (DOM) 的粒径分布与光谱特征,为有机肥在农业生产中的应用及DOM后续环境行为的研究提供理论指导。  【方法】  本研究选择海藻、羊粪、虾肽以及小麦秸秆生物炭4种有机肥,提取有机肥中的DOM (<0.7 μm)。利用超滤分级技术对提取的DOM进一步区分为 <1 kDa、1～100 kDa、100 kDa～0.2 μm和0.2～0.7 μm 4个粒级,使用总有机碳 (TOC) 分析仪测定各粒径DOM的含量并使用傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、紫外?可见吸收光谱 (UV-Vis) 和三维荧光光谱 (3D-EEM) 进行光谱表征。  【结果】  从全量 (粒径<0.7 μm) 溶解有机碳(DOC)来看,小麦秸秆生物炭 (308 mg/kg)<虾肽 (1060 mg/kg)<海藻 (1266 mg/kg)<羊粪 (2989 mg/kg)。供试有机肥中不同粒径的DOC所占比例和含量差异明显,均以最小粒径 (<1 kDa) 所占比例最高,除海藻为47%外,其余有机肥处理皆达到50%及以上。4种不同来源有机肥DOM的紫外和荧光特征值表明,4种有机肥的荧光指数 (FI) 和自生源指数(BIX)随着DOM粒径的减小而增大,而SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₆₀和腐殖化指数 (HIX)随着DOM粒径的减小而减小。虾肽DOM各粒径的类蛋白组分含量高且主要为内源DOM,自生来源有机质丰富,生物可利用性高;羊粪DOM各粒径受人类活动影响较大;而小麦秸秆生物炭的DOM大粒径(>100 kDa)组分的FI<1.4,表明其大粒径DOM主要为外源性的,自身生产和微生物活动贡献相对较低。此外,尽管海藻、羊粪和虾肽各粒径的DOM的HIX值随着粒径的减小而逐渐减小,除虾肽DOM的<1 kDa组分外,其腐殖化程度依旧较高 (HIX>10),而小麦秸秆生物炭小粒径DOM的HIX<4,表明小麦秸秆生物炭的小粒径DOM疏水组分含量高,腐殖化程度相对较低。荧光组分和红外光谱表明了4种不同来源有机肥DOM以类腐殖质物质为主,且含有大量氨基酸N—H键、O—H键和C—O键等官能团。  【结论】  依据有机肥释放的DOM的粒径分布和光谱特征,海藻、羊粪、虾肽有机肥中的DOM主要以小粒径为主,其腐殖化程度高,蛋白组分含量较低。小麦秸秆生物炭DOM的生物稳定性要高于其他有机肥,生物可利用性较低,因此,施加过量的生物炭不利于微生物对土壤DOM的降解利用;而虾肽来源有机肥的DOM类蛋白组分贡献最大,生物可利用性高,施用虾肽有机肥可能有利于微生物对土壤DOM的降解利用。  相似文献   

博斯腾湖湖滨绿洲土壤表层含盐量高光谱估算模型          下载免费PDF全文

江远东  李新国  杨涵  赵慧 《中国土壤与肥料》2022,(1):1-8

以博斯腾湖湖滨绿洲为研究区,对土壤高光谱反射率R进行数学光谱变换,并计算其差值型、比值型、归一化型3种盐分指数,通过显著性检验优选特征波段,结合土壤表层盐分实验数据,构建基于地理加权回归模型的土壤表层盐分含量估算模型。研究结果表明:1)土壤表层盐分含量平均值为7.535 g·kg^-1,其光谱变换建模选取的特征波段集中在466~482、1669~1728、1979~2371 nm,其中对数倒数的一阶微分(1/lg R)′相关性较好,相关系数绝对值为0.672;2)构建3种盐分指数优选的特征波段集中在1700~1728、1992~2014、2375~2405 nm,建立的模型决定系数均大于0.870,光谱反射率R的决定系数仅为0.621;3)差值型盐分指数优选特征波段建立的地理加权回归模型为最优模型,建模集与检验集的决定系数R2分别为0.934和0.915,RMSE分别为1.186和0.917。  相似文献   

Analysis of Spectral Characteristics Based on Optical Remote Sensing and SAR Image Fusion     

Weiguo LI  Nan JIANG  Guangxiu GE 《农业科学与技术》2014,(11):2035-2038

Because of cloudy and rainy weather in south China, optical remote sens-ing images often can＇t be obtained easily. With the regional trial results in Baoying, Jiangsu province, this paper explored the fusion model and effect of ENVISAT/SAR and HJ-1A satel ite multispectral remote sensing images. Based on the ARSIS strat-egy, using the wavelet transform and the Interaction between the Band Structure Model （IBSM）, the research progressed the ENVISAT satel ite SAR and the HJ-1A satel ite CCD images wavelet decomposition, and low/high frequency coefficient re-construction, and obtained the fusion images through the inverse wavelet transform. In the light of low and high-frequency images have different characteristics in differ-ent areas, different fusion rules which can enhance the integration process of self-adaptive were taken, with comparisons with the PCA transformation, IHS transfor-mation and other traditional methods by subjective and the corresponding quantita-tive evaluation. Furthermore, the research extracted the bands and NDVI values around the fusion with GPS samples, analyzed and explained the fusion effect. The results showed that the spectral distortion of wavelet fusion, IHS transform, PCA transform images was 0.101 6, 0.326 1 and 1.277 2, respectively and entropy was 14.701 5, 11.899 3 and 13.229 3, respectively, the wavelet fusion is the highest. The method of wavelet maintained good spectral capability, and visual effects while improved the spatial resolution, the information interpretation effect was much better than other two methods.  相似文献   

Near and Mid Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Malolactic Biotransformation of Oenococcus oeni in a Wine-Model     

Vigentini Ileana Grassi Silvia Sinelli Nicoletta Di Egidio Valentina Picozzi Claudia Foschino Roberto Casiraghi Ernestina 《农业科学与技术》2014,(6):475-486

The aim of this work was to verify the potential of infrared （IR） spectroscopy in near and mid regions to detect the beginning of the malolactic fermentation （MLF） occurring in a model-wine and the further cells autolysis. MLF in wine is a secondary biotransformation due to lactic acid bacteria that usually occurs spontaneou,;ly or after starter inoculation at the end of alcoholic fermentation. Nowadays, it is desirable to supply winemakers with a new rapid and non-destructive approach to monitor MLF progress and 1R spectroscopy technology appears to be suitable for this purpose. The transformation of L-malic acid into L-lactic acid was carried out by inoculating a synthetic wine with an Oenococcus oeni culture and it was monitored through microbiological and chemical methods. At the same time, Fourier transform near infrared （FT-NIR） spectral data, in diffusive transflection mode using an optic probe, and FT-IR spectra, using an germanium crystal attenuated total reflectance （ATR） cell, were collected. Principal component analysis of the spectra was able to identify absorption bands related to the key molecular modifications that took place during the L-malic acid transformation. Thus, the samples were discriminated according to the fermentation phase. Although this study is a preliminary approach, results confirm that near infrared （NIR） and mid infrared （MIR） spectroscopy could be successfully applied to detect the start of MLF and the autolysis of the lactic acid bacteria （LAB） cells.  相似文献   

不同药剂组合对玉米孤雌生殖的影响研究     

林霞  ;唐冬梅  ;高波  ;夏春兰  ;王沛政 《新疆农业大学学报》2014,(6):447-450

以主栽品种先玉335为供式材料,研究不同药剂组合和孤雌生殖处理条件对结实粒率的影响,进一步研究Pa1代田间生长状况及结实、散粉情况.药剂组合：2% DMSO＋40mg/LMH＋0.1% Col在花丝抽出1-3d时采用果穗注射,Pa0代结实粒率最高,达0.38%;药剂组合：2% DMSO＋40mg/LMH 的Pa1代结实率最高,未散粉率最低.通过对6种药剂组合诱导孤雌生殖的研究,筛选出适宜该品种的药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖的最佳药剂组合及处理条件.  相似文献   

改良剂组合对盐碱土的改良效果研究     

单德鑫  黄河  柳羽丰  李海统  李晓秀  卢丽英 《安徽农业科学》2014,(35):12491-12493

[目的]从所选取的5种物质（石膏、粉煤灰、油脂素、沸石粒、钾粒）中筛选对盐碱土改良效果最好的改良剂及其最佳组合方式.[方法]采取单一施用、两两施用,3种混施的方式将改良剂与土壤混合,通过盆栽试验对土壤进行一段时间的培养,检测各指标的变化.[结果]5种土壤改良剂及其组合对盐碱土的pH、部分肥力指标及水溶性离子含量均有一定程度的改良.对全磷和有效钾改良效果最好的是粉煤灰和油脂素组合施用;对pH、水溶性离子及其他肥力指标改良效果最好的是石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素3种改良物质混合施用.[结论]改良剂混合施用比单一施用效果好.  相似文献   

红外光谱结合聚类分析鉴别青海枸杞产地   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

多杰扎西  李仲  刘明地 《安徽农业科学》2014,(12):3704-3705

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对枸杞样品产地模式进行鉴别.用常规预处理方法和小波变换法对红外光谱原始数据进行了预处理,利用聚类分析对已预处理后的红外光谱数据进行分析.聚类分析将12份样品聚为枸杞主产地和非主产地两大类,取得了较满意的分类效果.红外光谱法结合聚类分析法可作为枸杞产域分类鉴别的一种新的适用方法.  相似文献