地膜覆盖与施肥对秸秆碳氮在土壤中固存的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑颖  李小红  程娜  付时丰  李双异  孙良杰  安婷婷  汪景宽 《中国农业科学》2021,54(2):345-356

[目的]作物秸秆不仅含有较高的有机碳,而且含有丰富的矿质营养元素.秸秆还田是东北黑土地区培肥土壤和农业可持续发展的重要技术措施.然而不同地膜覆盖(简称"覆膜")及施肥方式下秸秆碳(C)和氮(N)在土壤中的固持特征还不是很明确.本研究通过定量分析秸秆碳对土壤有机碳(SOC)和秸秆氮对土壤全氮(TN)的贡献,探讨不同覆膜和...  相似文献   

高大山羊草 Pm13染色体片段对小麦农艺和产量性状的影响     

郭军  李家前  李豪圣  王灿国  刘爱峰  程敦公  曹新有  刘建军  赵振东  宋健民 《麦类作物学报》2019,(4):387-392

含有高大山羊草 Pm13染色体片段的小麦种质R1B对白粉病菌表现高抗。为明确 Pm13对白粉病的抗性遗传特点及高大山羊草染色体片段对小麦农艺和产量性状的影响,利用R1B与高感小麦品种济麦22杂交获得的F_(2∶5)RIL群体进行自然诱发鉴定和分子标记分析。结果表明,发病后,RIL群体的抗、感病株系符合1∶1分离比(χ~2=3.261,χ■=3.841),说明白粉病抗性是由一对基因控制。经分子标记分析,RIL群体白粉病抗性由 Pm13控制,且符合孟德尔单基因遗传规律。RIL群体中抗白粉病组和感白粉病组间,抽穗期、开花期、株高、穗长、每穗可育小穗数、每穗不育小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒周长、长宽比等12个性状均无显著差异(P0.05),说明高大山羊草染色体片段对这些性状没有明显不利影响。鉴于 Pm13抗性遗传稳定,应加大其利用力度,培育更多含有该基因的抗白粉病品种,发挥其在生产上的应用价值。  相似文献   

农杆菌介导的宁麦13成熟胚遗传转化体系的构建     

蒋苏  马鸿翔  张旭  余桂红  孙晓波 《麦类作物学报》2012,32(3):415-520

宁麦13是目前生产中应用面积较大的弱筋小麦品种,以此品种建立农杆菌介导的成熟胚遗传转化体系有助于对该品种的个别性状进行针对性改良。本研究利用分别携带不同质粒pCXK1301和pAt-MYB12u的农杆菌株系GV3101对宁麦13成熟胚愈伤组织进行转化,通过对预培养时间、共培养时间和干燥处理等参数的研究,建立了农杆菌介导的宁麦13成熟胚遗传转化体系。宁麦13成熟胚转化体系的条件为:利用预培养6d的宁麦13成熟胚愈伤组织作为转化受体,使用含pAtMYB12u质粒的农杆菌株系GV3101,侵染菌液浓度OD600=0.6,侵染时间60min,采用干燥共培养4～5d(23℃,暗培养),诱导恢复培养10d,分化培养每4week继代一次,分化培养8week(12h光周期,25℃,2 000lx)。试验侵染2 600个宁麦13愈伤组织,获得127株再生植株,经分子检测,其中9株证实为阳性转化植株。  相似文献   

辣椒新品种湘椒13号的选育     

宋志伟  朱志恒  李彩华  杨凤飞  龚建华 《中国蔬菜》1999,1(1):11-0

湘椒１３号是由湖南省地方品种中选出的９号自交系与北京引进的甜椒品种经多代定向选择而成的４号自交系配制的极早熟辣椒一代杂种。其植株生长势强,果实粗牛角形,果皮绿色,微辣,ＶＣ含量为１３１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１（鲜重）,风味佳,商品性好。从定植到采收约３５ｄ（天）,平均每６６７ｍ２产量２０００ｋｇ。早期产量比对照湘研１号增加１６．２５％,总产量增加２２．０９％,田间表现为抗寒、耐热,对疮痂病、病毒病、炭疽病抗性较强。  相似文献   

Intensive organic vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated management     

Yi Zhao  Shuxia Wu  Roland Bol  Mansoor Ahmed Bughio  Wenliang Wu  Yecui Hu  Fanqiao Meng 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(2):155-168

Intensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems, i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions, i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ¹³C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). Analyses of ¹³C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.  相似文献   

Responses of surface SOC to long‐term experimental warming vary between different heath types in the high Arctic tundra     

Ji Young Jung  Anders Michelsen  Mincheol Kim  Sungjin Nam  Niels M. Schmidt  Sujeong Jeong  Yong‐Hoe Choe  Bang Yong Lee  Ho Il Yoon  Yoo Kyung Lee 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(4):752-767

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Chemical Review of Gorgostane-Type Steroids Isolated from Marine Organisms and Their 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Data Characteristics     

Fahd M. Abdelkarem  Mohamed E. Abouelela  Mohamed R. Kamel  Alaa M. Nafady  Ahmed E. Allam  Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman  Ahmad Almatroudi  Faris Alrumaihi  Khaled S. Allemailem  Hamdy K. Assaf 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Gorgostane steroids are isolated from marine organisms and consist of 30 carbon atoms with a characteristic cyclopropane moiety. From the pioneering results to the end of 2021, isolation, biosynthesis, and structural elucidation using ¹³C-NMR will be used. Overall, 75 compounds are categorized into five major groups: gorgost-5-ene, 5,6-epoxygorgostane, 5,6-dihydroxygorgostane, 9,11-secogorgostane, and 23-demethylgorgostane, in addition to miscellaneous gorgostane. The structural diversity, selectivity for marine organisms, and biological effects of gorgostane steroids have generated considerable interest in the field of drug discovery research.  相似文献   

Analysis of NO3 interception of the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche spp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and 13NO− 3: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO3 interception ratio     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):408-416

Abstract

The root parasitic plants Orobanche spp. (broomrapes) seriously affect agricultural production. A visualization and quantitative analytical method for the interception of nutrients was established using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and ¹³NO^? ₃. By using this analytical method that involves volume normalization with ¹⁸F^? images, the nitrogen nutrient interception ratio of the Orobanche spp. was calculated to be 73.6 ± 3.9% in a host–parasite system of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.).  相似文献   

Investigations on the radioactive contamination of crop plants as a result of H-bomb detonation (Part 2) Root and foliage uptake of “Bikini ash”     

Shingo Mitsui  Sueo Aso  Kiyoshi Tensho  Kikuo Kumazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):17-18

The Foliar Uptake by Squash Plant

The radioactive ash for experimental use, hereafter referred to as “Bikini ash”, was prepared by igniting the heavily contaminated substances on board No. 5 Fukuryu Maru at about 650°C, followed by sifting through a 100 mesh sieve. On ignition some parts of the fission products, particularly iodine, ruthenium and tellurium would have possibly been lost to the air.  相似文献   

Present Concepts on the Inflammatory Modulators with Special Reference to Cytokines*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Van Miert AS 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(2):111-126

The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines create a network of interactions between cells that lead to both stimulatory and inhibitory responses that maintain an effective homeostatic regulation. The anti-inflammatory cytokines are a family of peptides that modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cytokines act in concert with non-cytokine mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂, glucocorticosteroids, lipocortins, and catecholamines. This review highlights new developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation and gives an example of a more recent approach to the modulation of acute systemic inflammatory disorders: activation of ₂-adrenergic receptors on macrophages. In this respect the potent ₂-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol seems of therapeutic interest.  相似文献