12个紫花苜蓿引进品种的产量及持久性评价     

刘瑞峰  张新全  严欢  张斌  王利宝  刘卫东 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(5):1324-1326

通过3年田间试验,对12个紫花苜蓿引进品种的产量及持久性进行了评价.结果表明:紫花苜蓿在当地的持久性较差,但其产量高于当地当家豆科牧草白三叶在相同年份的产量,紫花苜蓿在当地具有一定种植潜力;游客、威可、四季绿这3个品种的持久性较好且产量也较高;海盗和超级7生产性能高而持久性较差;盛世、特瑞和山锐持久性较好,但生产性能一般或较低.  相似文献   

日粮中添加苜蓿草粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

高文俊  董宽虎  郝鲜俊 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,26(2):195-198

选取50周龄海兰白蛋鸡192只,随机分为4组,每组48只,进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组日粮中添加3%、6%、9%的苜蓿草粉。在试验期间测定不同比例的的苜蓿粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质的影响。试验结果表明:3%组明显降低了饲料采食量和料蛋比,而对蛋重和蛋壳厚度没有明显的影响,蛋黄比色度显著升高,与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。蛋黄中胆固醇含量,3%草粉组明显低于对照组,而对肝肾功能没有明显的影响。  相似文献   

铅对紫花苜蓿生长及氮、磷、钾、铅含量影响初探     

白彦真  谢英荷  陈灿灿  张小红 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,26(3):261-263

通过紫花苜蓿在不同铅浓度的土壤中盆栽试验,结果表明,不同铅浓度的土壤对紫花苜蓿的株高的影响差异不显著,随着铅浓度的增高,其叶绿素的生成受到抑制。当土壤中铅的浓度达到1 500 mg.kg-1时,紫花苜蓿体内氮含量显著高于对照,土壤铅浓度的增高,对紫花苜蓿吸收氮有促进作用,磷和钾的差异不显著。不同铅浓度对紫花苜蓿铅吸收量的影响差异显著,尤其在中浓度铅水平下,铅的迁移量达到最大。因此,紫花苜蓿可以用来改善中、低浓度铅污染地区土壤铅的含量。  相似文献   

苜蓿新品系Dy-2006亲缘关系的SSR分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李景欣  鲁平  赵娜  崔国文 《中国草地学报》2011,33(2)

应用SSR分子标记对苜蓿新品系Dy-2006等6个苜蓿品种(品系)亲缘关系进行了分析.8对SSR引物共扩增出128个位点,106个位点显多态性,多态位点比率82.81%;不同苜蓿品种(品系)SSR多态性百分率存在一定差异,在32.81%～45.31%之间.遗传相似度(F)和遗传距离(D)的变化分别范围在0.9062～0.9689和0.0326～0.0762.聚类分析结果显示,新品系Dy-2006与龙牧801亲缘关系相对较近,与阿尔冈金亲缘关系较远,并与其它供试品种存在一定差异,为一个相对独立的品系.  相似文献   

苜蓿花期调控与传粉效率的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张爱勤  何爽  马生军 《中国草地学报》2011,33(2)

针对苜蓿花期与昆虫活动不遇的问题,通过刈割进行花期调控,以提高初花期及盛花初期的传粉效率,并探讨对种子产量及构成因素的影响.结果显示:刈割后苜蓿的花期明显推迟,传粉效率显著提高,其中访花频次由原来的23次/10m2·d提高到刈割后的180次/10m2·d;在初花期及盛花初期标记的花序结荚率及荚内种子粒数分别由对照的(17.12±2.83)%和(3.94±0.31)粒提高到刈割后的(84.1±1.21)%和(5.31±0.22)粒;整个花期的平均结荚率/花序由刈割前的43.77%增加到刈割后的59.43%;刈割后的苜蓿种子产量与各构成因素的相关性依次为:花序数/枝＞荚果数/枝＞荚内种子粒数＞结荚率/花序＞分枝数＞单花数/花序.对种子产量与构成因素进行多元回归分析,单枝条产量(Y)与花序数/枝(X1)、结荚率/花序(X2)具有真实回归关系Y=-1.735+0.034 X1+0.036 X2(R=0.788).在该地区确定适宜的刈割时间可明显推迟花期,提高种子产量.合理的刈割时间是在花期得到推迟的情况下,使生育期尽可能长.  相似文献   

中国苜蓿育种的历史、现状与发展趋势   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨青川  孙彦 《中国草地学报》2011,33(6)

介绍了中国苜蓿育种的历史、现状,阐述了苜蓿育种的方法和目前中国苜蓿育种中存在的问题,提出了今后苜蓿育种发展的方向与目标.  相似文献   

蚕豆蚜日龄、翅型和寄生对其共生菌胞变化的影响     

李献辉  孟玲  李保平 《中国生物防治》2011,27(1):11-15

初生内共生菌与宿主蚜虫的营养代谢密切相关.本文观察了蚕豆蚜Aphis fabae不同翅型的共生菌胞随宿主蚜虫生长发育的变化规律,以及饥饿和混合柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus confusus寄生对共生菌胞的影响.菌胞数量和体积随发育进程和翅型的变化而呈现有规律的变化:随若蚜发育而逐渐增大,然后随胎生蚜产生而逐渐减少;无翅蚜的菌胞数量和体积均显著大于有翅蚜.随饥饿时间的延长,菌胞数量和体积迅速直线下降,而重新取食后又可迅速恢复.蚕豆蚜被混合柄瘤蚜茧蜂寄生后的第3d,菌胞数量显著多于未寄生蚜虫,此后则明显少于未寄生蚜虫,从第4d的119个·头-1降至第6d的46个·头-1.研究结果说明,蚜虫共生菌胞的变化与宿主蚜虫翅型、发育、外源营养以及蚜茧蜂寄生等密切关联.  相似文献   

Proton release by N2‐fixing plant roots: A possible contribution to phytoremediation of calcareous sodic soils     

Manzoor Qadir  Diedrich Steffens  Feng Yan  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):14-22

With a world‐wide occurrence on about 560 million hectares, sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium (Na⁺) to levels that can adversely affect crop growth and yield. Amelioration of such soils needs a source of calcium (Ca²⁺) to replace excess Na⁺ from the cation exchange sites. In addition, adequate levels of Ca²⁺ in ameliorated soils play a vital role in improving the structural and functional integrity of plant cell walls and membranes. As a low‐cost and environmentally feasible strategy, phytoremediation of sodic soils — a plant‐based amelioration — has gained increasing interest among scientists and farmers in recent years. Enhanced CO₂ partial pressure (P_CO2) in the root zone is considered as the principal mechanism contributing to phytoremediation of sodic soils. Aqueous CO₂ produces protons (H⁺) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^‐). In a subsequent reaction, H⁺ reacts with native soil calcite (CaCO₃) to provide Ca²⁺ for Na⁺ Ca²⁺ exchange at the cation exchange sites. Another source of H⁺ may occur in such soils if cropped with N₂‐fixing plant species because plants capable of fixing N₂ release H⁺ in the root zone. In a lysimeter experiment on a calcareous sodic soil (pH_s = 7.4, electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste extract (EC_e) = 3.1 dS m^‐1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 28.4, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) = 27.6, CaCO₃ = 50 g kg^‐1), we investigated the phytoremediation ability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). There were two cropped treatments: Alfalfa relying on N₂ fixation and alfalfa receiving NH₄NO₃ as mineral N source, respectively. Other treatments were non‐cropped, including a control (without an amendment or crop), and soil application of gypsum or sulfuric acid. After two months of cropping, all lysimeters were leached by maintaining a water content at 130% waterholding capacity of the soil after every 24±1 h. The treatment efficiency for Na⁺ removal in drainage water was in the order: sulfuric acid > gypsum = N₂‐fixing alfalfa > NH4NO3‐fed alfalfa > control. Both the alfalfa treatments produced statistically similar root and shoot biomass. We attribute better Na+ removal by the N₂‐fixing alfalfa treatment to an additional source of H⁺ in the rhizosphere, which helped to dissolve additional CaCO₃ and soil sodicity amelioration.  相似文献   

添加乳酸菌和葡萄糖对苜蓿青贮品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万里强  李向林  张新平  何峰 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(3):126-128

初花期收获的苜蓿经过0h、8h和32h的晾晒(干物质含量分别为27.15%、38.45%、50.87%),添加不同含量的乳酸菌 葡萄糖(0、105cfu/g 20g/kg、106cfu/g 15g/kg、107cfu/g 10g/kg)进行青贮,其品质测定结果表明:无添加剂直接青贮时,苜蓿低水分(干物质含量为50.87%)青贮的效果最好,其青贮综合评定为82分;添加乳酸菌 葡萄糖青贮时,3种不同干物质水平中以凋萎苜蓿(干物质含量为38.45%)青贮后青贮料的青贮品质和综合评定最好;苜蓿较低干物质含量(27.15%)条件下,适中的乳酸菌和葡萄糖添加量(106cfu/g 15g/kg)可以得到最好的青贮效果和最高的综合评分;而在干物质含量为38.45%和50.87%条件下,乳酸菌和葡萄糖添加量为107cfu/g 10g/kg时,可以得到较好的青贮效果和最高的综合评分。  相似文献   

Enhanced bioremediation of soil containing 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a genetically modified Sinorhizobium meliloti     

Sisir K Dutta  Gail P HollowellFawzy M Hashem  L David Kuykendall 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(5):667-675

The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium, Sinorhizobium meliloti, is well known for its ability to interact with the leguminous plant Medicago sativa L. It has, however, not been reported that this species possesses the capability to degrade toxic nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) which is commonly associated with the degradation of the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this study, the pJS1 DNT-biodegradative plasmid was genetically transferred to S. meliloti strain USDA 1936, which was confirmed by plasmid profile analysis. Several standard analytical and chemical tests including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nitrite (NO₂) release assays, rhizosphere population and plant greenhouse studies were conducted to test the ability of S. meliloti to degrade 2,4-DNT. The possible presence of 2,4-DNT remaining in the treated soil was tested, and no 2,4-DNT had been absorbed by the soil. The pJS1-carrying recombinant strain DHK1 produced ‘ARC’ alfalfa plants that were almost 2-fold higher in shoot dry weight than that produced by the parent strain on soil containing 0.14 mM 2,4-DNT. The transconjugant strain DHK1 reduced significantly one-third more 2,4-DNT in both 0.14 and 0.28 mM contaminated soil, and in 0.55 mM contaminated soil it degraded 94% of the 2,4-DNT present. In liquid cultures, however, only about 4% reduction in 2,4-DNT concentrations was obtained in 10 days. We interpret the results as clearly establishing that genetic modification was successfully used, for the first time, to improve the capability of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium S. meliloti DHK1 to bioremediate in situ 2,4-DNT-contaminated soil in the presence of alfalfa plants.  相似文献