免耕措施下黑土区坡耕地土壤肥力质量评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

闫雷  纪晓楠  孟庆峰  姜雪馨  周丽婷  李思莹  陈辰 《东北农业大学学报》2019,50(5):43-54

以东北黑土区坡耕地为研究对象,采集不同坡位(坡上位、坡中位、坡下位)深度(0～10、10～20 cm)土壤,研究免耕措施下土壤理化性状及土壤酶活性不同坡位变化情况,并用因子分析和土壤质量指数法综合评价土壤肥力质量。结果表明,免耕后各坡位土壤容重减小,土壤孔隙度扩大,全氮、有机质和速效钾含量增加,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性呈升高趋势。随坡面向下,土壤容重呈减小趋势,土壤孔隙度、田间持水量和土壤含水量呈增大趋势。土壤全氮和有机质含量在不同坡位差异显著(P<0.05),主要集中在坡中位和坡下位较高;土壤铵态氮、土壤硝态氮、土壤有效磷、土壤速效钾含量主要集中在坡上位和坡下位较高,而pH主要集中在坡中位较高。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现为坡上位和坡下位较高,蔗糖酶活性坡中位和坡下位较高。通过因子分析将14项土壤指标分为5个公因子,即土壤肥力、水分、结构、养分和生物学因子。利用土壤质量指数分析坡耕地耕层特征发现,免耕一年后各土层坡下位土壤质量指数高于坡上位和坡中位,免耕两年后各土层为坡中位和坡下位土壤质量指数高于坡上位,说明坡下位形成相对平衡和较高肥力质量的土壤。与免耕前相比,经两年免耕后坡中位土壤质量得到改善。  相似文献   

早熟陆地棉种萌发中种胚保护性酶活性对盐胁迫的响应     

张红霞  雍晓宇  何飞  夏军  李慧琴  王潭刚 《新疆农业科学》2023,60(1):1-10

【目的】研究不同浓度盐胁迫对早熟棉花种子萌发特性及关键酶活性的影响。【方法】以新陆早45号和新陆早65号为试材,设置不同浓度的盐胁迫处理,测定棉种萌发过程中种胚相对含水量、发芽势、发芽率以及脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。【结果】随盐胁迫处理时间的延长,0～15 h内相对含水量持续上升,15～60 h逐渐平缓,63 h时相对含水量有上升趋势。新陆早45号种子的相对含水量在不同盐浓度下表现为：0.2%比对照的相对含水量高,0.8%相对含水量最低;新陆早65号的不同浓度处理间无明显差异。吸水速率新陆早65号>新陆早45号,且相对含水量新陆早65号>新陆早45号;随盐浓度的增加,2个品种的发芽势均有下降;处理前60 h在0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%盐浓度处理下,新陆早65号的平均超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较新陆早45号分别高出15%、19%、2%和13%,相同NaCl浓度胁迫的80 h内,新陆早65号过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量在0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8...  相似文献   

纳米硒喷施对绿豆芽生长特性、营养品质、酚类含量和抗氧化性的影响     

王佑成  赵天瑶  苌淑敏  李少华  庞肖杰  郑琳琳  康玉凡 《中国农业大学学报》2019,24(5):39-46

为筛选出生产富硒绿豆芽最适宜的喷施浓度,采用不同浓度(0.00、0.06、0.19、0.38和0.57 mmol/L)纳米硒喷施处理绿豆芽,测定其生长指标(根长、下胚轴长和下胚轴茎粗)、营养指标(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸)、抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶)、酚类含量(总酚和总黄酮)、ABTS自由基清除力及硒含量。结果表明:纳米硒对绿豆芽生长具有双重效应,低浓度纳米硒能够促进生长,高浓度纳米硒对绿豆芽有毒害作用,会抑制其正常生长。0.19 mmol/L浓度纳米硒喷施处理绿豆芽的效果最佳,其下胚轴茎粗比对照提高2.91%,下胚轴长提高38.70%;可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及抗坏血酸含量分别增加31.67%、 51.18%和44.32%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提升108.04%和59.45%;同时总酚、总黄酮含量分别提高了88.37%和26.81%。而且0.19 mmol/L纳米硒喷施处理绿豆芽中硒含量为3.04 mg/kg,在安全标准范围内。因此,生产富硒绿豆芽以0.06～0.19 mmol/L纳米硒浓度喷施最佳。  相似文献   

齐墩果酸抑菌活性的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

黑育荣  刘彦超 《现代农业研究》2019,(10):121-123

以20 种植物病原菌为供试菌种,采用离体抑菌活性测定法系统地测定了齐墩果酸的抑 菌谱和抑菌毒力。结果表明,齐墩果酸对多种植物病原菌具有抑制作用,对油菜菌核病菌、番茄 早疫病菌、烟草赤星病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、杨树溃疡病菌、棉花黄萎病菌和小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生 长的抑制效果高于对其它供试病原菌,其中对番茄早疫病菌和白菜黑斑病菌防效最高,其有效 中浓(EC50 值)分别为59.3 和74.0mg L-1。本研究结果为将齐墩果酸开发为植物原杀菌剂提供了 一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

转基因玉米双抗12-5对根际土壤酶活性及 微生物多样性的影响     

孙红炜  张永鑫  徐晓辉  高瑞  李凡  杨淑珂  路兴波 《土壤》2019,51(1):61-67

采用田间试验研究了转基因玉米瑞丰1号-双抗-12-5(RF1-12-5)种植对根际土壤酶活性、微生物群落的影响,可为RF1-12-5的环境释放和商业化应用提供科学的安全性评价数据支持。研究结果表明:①在5个生育期内,RF1-12-5与其非转基因对照品种瑞丰1号(RF1)根际土壤碱性蛋白酶、脲酶和酸性转化酶活性均没有显著性差异;RF1-12-5根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性在收获期、碱性磷酸酶活性在乳熟期显著低于RF1,其他生育期差异不显著。②在5个生育期内,RF1-12-5与RF1根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数、McIntosh均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均不存在显著性差异,主成分分析未发现RF1-12-5与RF1根际微生物功能多样性存在规律性差异。  相似文献   

Characterization of biochar and their influence on microbial activities and potassium availability in an acid soil     

Awtar Singh  A. P. Singh  T. J. Purakayastha 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(9):1302-1315

Application of biochar to soil has increased considerably during recent years because of its effectiveness as a soil amendment causing beneficial effects on soil health. However, the effects have been reported to vary and depend upon types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions during biochar production. Therefore, characterization of biochar is extremely important for its efficient utilization as a soil amendment. In the present study, biochar was prepared from agro-industrial by-products (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) and weeds (Parthenium and Lantana) under similar pyrolysis conditions. Lantana biochar (LBC) showed the highest pH (10.4) while the lowest value (8.5) being recorded in rice husk biochar (RHBC). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated that LBC and Parthenium biochar (PBC) were superior with respect to potassium (K) content than sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBBC) and RHBC. The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study exhibited the existence of different functional groups in biochar. All the biochar treated soils showed significantly higher microbial activities with different degrees. Application of LBC and PBC at 4.50 g kg^?1 soil significantly increased K availability in soil. Lantana biochar and PBC amended the soil at 9 g kg^?1 significantly increased the soil pH thus makes these biochar as potential liming materials.  相似文献   

Effects of Intercropping Peanut on Soil Nutrient Status and Microbial Activity within Young Camellia oleifera Plantation     

Wentao Lu 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(10):1232-1238

A two-year field trial was conducted to compare the effects of intercropping with peanut and Camellia oleifera monoculture on soil characteristics, nutrients status as well as soil microbial activity in a young C. oleifera plantation on latosolic red soil. Compared with C. oleifera monoculture, the soil porosity in intercropping C. oleifera with peanut was increased by 11.45 and 8.41%, the electrical conductivity by 14.74 and 16.90%, the rhizosphere fungi populations by 21.46 and 15.38%, the rhizosphere bacterial populations by 52.19 and 43.87%, soil organic matter (SOM) by 4.72 and 5.69%, the available nitrogen (N) by 10.71 and 14.51%, available calcium (Ca) by 10.53 and 17.39% and available magnesium (Mg) by 18.18 and 20.00% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. However, intercropping significantly reduced soil bulk density, soil total and exchangeable phosphorus (P), soil total and exchangeable potassium (K) and exchangeable aluminum (Al) in both years. Therefore, the beneficial effect may be attributed to the improvement of bulk density, soil nutrient element and the reduction in pH, as well as the rhizosphere microbial populations in intercropping systems.  相似文献   

Effects of silicon on the germination,growth and physiology activity of Zea mays L. seedlings under PH stress     

Siliang Shao  Yuchen Wang 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(2):153-163

Silicon(Si) has a significant function in reducing abiotic stresses on plants. pH stress is one of abiotic stresses. We investigated the effects of silicon on maize seedlings under pH stress. The results showed that incorporation of Si (2.0?mM (mmol)) into pH 3.0 increased the growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, decreased catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. The combined treatments with Si (8.0?mM) and pH 3.0 decreased the maize growth compare with the single pH (3.0). Incorporation of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) into pH 8.0 were obviously unchanged compare with the single pH (8.0). The combined or single effects of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) and pH (3.0 or 8.0) on germination percentage were negligible. The application of Si (2.0?mM) could be a better strategy for improving the plant growth and alleviating low pH stress in soil.  相似文献   

南欧丹参的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

麻妙锋  吴文君 《西北农业学报》2005,14(1):79-83

南欧丹参所含化学成分主要是萜类 ,酚性芳香酸 ,黄酮等。其中一些成分在医药上具有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤、影响神经系统等活性 ,在农用上具有很强的抑菌活性 ,且花的精油在香料领域具有很高的利用价值。本文就南欧丹参的生物学特性及地理分布 ,近年来国内外学者分离得到的化学成分及药理作用的研究作进一步综述 ,并对其作为抑菌植物的应用前景作了分析  相似文献   

连栽杉木林地土壤对其无性系幼苗土壤酶活性和酚酸类物质含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗红艳  陈潇潇  曹光球  陈爱玲  魏晓骁  叶义全 《西北林学院学报》2019,(1):11-18

探讨杉木在连栽杉木林土壤培养下,其优良无性系根际与非根际土壤酶活性以及根际和根尖酚类物质含量的变化特征及其相互关系,揭示杉木优良无性系对不同连栽代数土壤培养的响应机理,以不同连栽代数杉木人工林土壤为培养基质,栽植杉木无性系幼苗2a后,采用抖落法取根际和非根际土壤测定相关酶活性和根际酚类物质含量,并剪取0～2cm根尖测定酚酸类物质含量。结果表明,在杉木根际土壤和非根际土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶及酸性磷酸酶活性总体上随连栽代数增加呈下降的变化趋势,而多酚氧化酶活性呈上升的变化趋势。杉木优良无性系根际土壤中共鉴定出11种酚类物质,其中阿魏酸、没食子酸和咖啡酸相对含量较高,是最主要的酚类物质。没食子酸相对含量随连栽代数增加而增多,阿魏酸含量表现为先降后升,但均高于对照,而咖啡酸则表现为先升后降,其含量均低于对照,且三者在三代林中的含量均高于一代林;杉木根尖中共鉴定出8种酚类物质,其中儿茶素、奎尼酸和山奈酚相对含量较高。儿茶素含量逐代下降,二代林和三代林中其含量均高于对照;山奈酚含量逐代增加,而不同连栽代数中其含量均低于对照;奎尼酸含量表现为先升后降,而不同连栽代数中其含量均高于对照。相关性分析表明,鞣花酸、奎尼酸与酸性磷酸酶呈显著负相关,龙胆酸与酸性磷酸酶呈极显著正相关,芦丁、龙胆酸与多酚氧化酶呈显著负相关,鞣花酸与多酚氧化酶呈显著正相关,没食子酸与脲酶呈显著负相关;槲皮素、芦丁和香草酸与脲酶呈显著正相关,对香豆酸和山奈酚与蔗糖酶呈显著正相关。综上所述,杉木连栽可能会通过改变杉木根尖和根际土壤中酚类物质的积累来影响土壤酶的活性,进而影响杉木对养分的吸收利用,最终导致杉木连栽障碍的发生。  相似文献