低锌饲粮添加植酸酶对1～4周龄鹅生长性能、胫骨发育、免疫性能及抗氧化能力的影响     

郑惠文  王宝维  葛文华  张名爱  岳斌  张泽南  张洋洋  任民  REN Min 《动物营养学报》2016,(11):3557-3566

本试验旨在研究低锌饲粮添加植酸酶对1~4周龄鹅生长性能、胫骨发育、免疫性能及抗氧化能力的影响,探索饲粮添加植酸酶能否提高锌生物学效价和有效降低锌的添加水平。选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅(公母各占1/2)。Ⅰ组为正对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,添加80 mg/kg硫酸锌,未添加植酸酶;Ⅱ组为负对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,添加1 200 U/kg植酸酶,未添加锌;Ⅲ~Ⅵ组在负对照组的基础上分别添加16、32、48、64 mg/kg硫酸锌。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)通过二次曲线拟合分析,在饲粮添加1 200 U/kg植酸酶的条件下,饲粮锌添加水平为34.00~44.70 mg/kg时可获得最佳平均日增重与料重比。2)Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的骨密度(BMD)显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的骨矿含量(BMC)和血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01)。通过二次曲线拟合分析,饲粮锌添加水平为51.38 mg/kg时,血清AKP活性最大。3)Ⅳ组的血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P0.05)。通过二次曲线拟合分析,饲粮锌添加水平分别为50.24和47.49 mg/kg时,血清和肝脏的T-AOC最大。4)Ⅲ~Ⅵ组的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01);Ⅳ~Ⅵ组免疫前后的血清新城疫抗体水平均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加植酸酶可以提高1~4周龄五龙鹅的生长性能,促进胫骨发育,增强机体抗氧化能力和免疫性能,有效提高锌利用率,降低饲粮中锌添加水平,增加锌的生物学效价。在饲粮添加1 200U/kg植酸酶的条件下,锌适宜添加水平为44.70~51.38 mg/kg。  相似文献   

Balance trials with African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed phytase-treated soybean meal-based diets     

J.H. VAN WEERD  KHALAF  AARTSEN  & TIJSSEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1999,5(2):135-142

Balance trials were conducted with African catfish Clarias gariepinus to assess the effect of phytase treatment of soybean meal-based diets on growth, feed utilization and nutrient budgets. Isocaloric (20–22 kJ g⁻¹) and isonitrogenous (47–50% protein) diets were tested. In a first experiment the control diet (58% fish meal and 18% soybean meal) was compared with two diets containing 6% fish meal and 69% soybean meal, and two diets containing 29% fish meal and 41% soybean meal. One of each of these two diets had been pretreated with phytase (1000 units per kg dry diet). In the second experiment, the control diet (6% fish meal and 69% soybean meal, pretreated with 1000 units phytase kg⁻¹ dry diet) was compared with four diets that were similar in composition but supplemented with increasing amounts of phytase (15, 380, 750, 1000 units kg⁻¹ dry diet). Replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in the first experiment led to a depression in growth rate and feed utilization parameters. Results of both experiments clearly indicated a positive effect of phytase treatment, particularly on phosphorus digestibility and retention, and consequently the phosphorus conversion efficiency and the phosphorus budget. No differences in these parameters were found between addition of equal amounts of phytase by pretreatment or supplementation.  相似文献   

植酸酶对肉鸡生长及磷利用率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苗雪霞  陈红歌  李秀兰  贾新成  林东康 《河南农业大学学报》1999,33(1):68-71

在饲料中降低无机磷用量,添加不同的比例黑曲霉植酸酶,以确定其对鸡的作用效果。结果表明,在０￣３周龄肉鸡饲料中添加质量分数为０．０５％和０．１０％的植酸酶后,无机磷的添加量从对照组的１．３８％降到处理组的１．０６％;添加同样比例的植酸酶,４￣７周龄肉鸡饲料中的无机磷添加量从对照组的１．１４％降到处理组的０．８３％和０．５２％。添加植酸酶,降低无机磷用量后对肉鸡的增重无显著影响。肉鸡血清中无机磷的含量  相似文献   

Efficacy of phytase on phosphorus utilization in practical diets fed to striped bass Morone saxatilis     

K. Powers Hughes  & Soares Jr 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1998,4(2):133-140

Several experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on dietary phosphorus (P) utilization by striped bass Morone saxatilis fed high phytate diets. The experiments were designed to determine the effectiveness of various dietary levels of a dry or liquid phytase concentrate incorporated in diets to improve the P utilization of striped bass. Fish were fed various basal diets containing over 700 g kg^?1 plant feed ingredients and 4.9–7.1 g kg^?1 P and 1.5–1.7 g kg^?1 non-phytin P. A diet supplemented with potassium monophosphate (PMP) and containing 9 g kg^?1 total P and 6 g kg^?1 non-phytin P with no added phytase was the positive control. The dietary treatments were assigned to duplicate tanks and diets were fed to juvenile striped bass for up to 14 weeks. The effectiveness of the phytase treatments was determined by measuring weight gain, feed conversion, serum, scale and vertebral calcium and P, as well as P absorption. Apparent P absorption was determined using 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide as an indigestible marker in the diet. In experiment one, significant improvements (P < 0.05) were found in scale and vertebral phosphorus concentrations with 2400 Phytase Units (PU) kg^?1 (PU is the quantity of enzyme which liberates one micromole of inorganic P per minute from 0.015 tool L^?1 sodium phytate at 37°C and pH 5.5) added to the diet. In experiment two, significant differences were observed between serum phosphorus in the phytase and no-phytase groups, while there were no differences between the positive control (PMP supplemented) and the phytase-treated fish. It was concluded that 2400 PU kg^?1 of enzyme resulted in bone mineralization and serum phosphorus concentrations equal to that observed with 13 g kg^?1 dietary PMP addition (9 g kg^?1 total P).  相似文献   

Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio influences the efficacy of microbial phytase on growth,mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes     

A. LAINING  M. ISHIKAWA  K. KYAW  J. GAO  N.T. BINH  S. KOSHIO  S. YAMAGUCHI  S. YOKOYAMA  J. KOYAMA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(3):267-277

A 2 × 3 factorial feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary Ca/P ratio and dietary microbial phytase on growth, mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in tiger puffer. The treatments consisted of three levels of Ca/P ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) combined either with phytase (2000 FTU kg^?1 diet) or without supplementation, respectively. The Ca/P ratios were achieved by supplementing calcium at 0, 6 and 12 g kg^?1 combined with the same level of inorganic P at 5 g kg^?1. After a 50‐day feeding trial, puffer fish fed the diet at low Ca/P ratio (0.5) together with phytase had significantly higher growth rate and feed intake (FI) than other groups. Both dietary Ca/P ratio and phytase supplement were independent effects on plasma minerals and alkaline phosphatase. Interactive effect between both dietary treatments was observed on P and Zn contents in vertebrae and whole body. P and Zn digestibilities tended to increase with increased Ca/P ratio from 0.5 to 1.0, especially when phytase was supplemented. In conclusion, fish fed a diet with highest Ca/P ratio (1.5) showed the poorest growth performance and nutrients utilization. Dietary Ca/P ratio of 0.5 (without Ca supplement) with 2000 FTU phytase per kg would be the optimum combination in the diet of tiger puffer.  相似文献   

Phosphorus utilization in juvenile Clarias gariepinus fed phytase-supplemented diets based on soya bean (oil-extracted) and full-fat (roasted): A comparison     

Benjamin U. Akpoilih  Bamidele O. Omitoyin  Emmanuel K. Ajani 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2017,29(2):126-151

The effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus utilization in juvenile Clarias gariepinus (initial fish body weight 11.55 ± 0.2 g) was tested on two different diets based on oil-extracted soya bean (Experiment 1) and roasted soya bean meal (Experiment 2) using a 5 × 5 experimental design for 84 days. The basal isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for oil-extracted and roasted soya bean were formulated to replace fish meal at 25% (S1E), 50% (S2E), 75% (S3E), 100% (S4E); and 25% (S1), 50% (S2), 75% (S3), 100% (S4), respectively. Each treatment was replicated four times. Microbial phytase was supplemented in each replicate at 250 FTU/g (P1), 500 FTU/g (P2), 750 FTU/g (P3), and 1,000 FTU/g (P4). Basal controls, which included a fish meal-based diet (S0), were not supplemented with phytase (P0). The result in Experiment 1 showed that there was a significant increase in whole-body protein and reduction in fat with phytase compared to a diet without phytase (P < 0.05). Serum total protein declined significantly with phytase supplementation (P < 0.05). Serum phosphorus and glucose were higher with phytase supplementation compared to control (P < 0.05). Bone minerals declined significantly with increasing level of soya bean compared to fish meal diet (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, serum phosphorus was improved with phytase compared to control with no phytase (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in whole-body protein and increase in fat was observed for fish fed phytase diets compared to diets with no phytase, regardless of soya bean level (P < 0.05); however, ash content was improved with phytase (250 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation improved bone phosphorus (250 FTU/g), calcium (250 FTU/g), magnesium (250–500 FTU/g), and zinc (250–1,000 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the research has demonstrated that improved bone phosphorus (P) and growth could be achieved with the supplementation of dietary phytase.  相似文献   

外源酶和柠檬酸对奥尼罗非鱼内源消化酶活性的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

黎军胜  李建林  吴婷婷 《南京农业大学学报》2005,28(3):97-101

分别研究了饲料中添加外源消化酶、非淀粉多糖酶、植酸酶和柠檬酸对奥尼罗非鱼内源消化酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料中分别添加15g·kg-1和30g·kg-1的消化酶制剂,胃、肝胰脏、肠道蛋白酶活性分别升高了22.3%、17.7%、12.5%(P<0.05)和42.0%、25.2%、16.5%(P<0.01),肝胰脏、肠道淀粉酶活性分别升高了62.4%、28.8%(P<0.05)和54.0%、27.4%(P<0.05),肠道脂肪酶活性分别升高了23.2%(P<0.05)和43.6%(P<0.01);添加1g·kg-1非淀粉多糖酶和植酸酶,肝胰脏、肠道淀粉酶活性分别上升11.4%、49.5%(P<0.01)和14.0%、24.1%(P<0.05),对胃、肝胰脏、肠道蛋白酶活性无显著影响;饲料中添加10g·kg-1柠檬酸使胃蛋白酶活性提高29.6%(P<0.01),肠道蛋白酶活性下降35.1%(P<0.01),肝胰脏和肠道淀粉酶分别上升30.7%和29.4%(P<0.01);饲料中添加非淀粉多糖酶、植酸酶和柠檬酸对肠道脂肪酶活性均无显著影响。  相似文献   

益力素及其它抗生素与酶制剂配伍对异育银鲫生产性能的影响     

王爱民  刘文斌  周岩民  刘波  尹小玲 《饲料工业》2005,26(4):9-11

试验选300尾异育银鲫夏花(均重5g左右),随机分为5组,分别饲喂相同的基础日粮、并分别添加益力素、黄霉素、维吉尼亚霉素及益力素+复合酶、益力素+植酸酶日粮,饲养56d,结果表明:3种不同抗生素中以益力素添加组试验鱼增重率较好;在配伍添加组中以益力素与复合酶配伍组增重率最好,且差异显著(P<0.05),比添加益力素组提高了9%,其饲料系数下降了10%,但各组间饲料利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

Effect of non‐starch polysaccharide composition and enzyme supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)     

Roel M. Maas  Marc C. J. Verdegem  Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):622-632

The experiment investigated whether the effect of enzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient digestibility is dependent on type of the ingredient(s) used, by incorporating wheat bran (WB), sunflower meal (SFM) and citrus pulp (CP) to a reference diet (REF). Those ingredients are known to be rich in different types of non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP). Diets were supplemented with and without (control) an enzyme mix (phytase 1,000 FTU/kg and xylanase U/kg) according to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In total, 24 tanks (3 replicates/treatment) were used with 30 fish each (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; mean initial body weight 41 g). Fish were restrictively fed the experimental diets for 43 days (80% of expected satiation). Enzyme supplementation affected the absolute growth (g/day) and FCR (p < 0.05), improving the growth of fish fed the WB and SFM diets, while fish fed the REF and CP diets did not benefit. NSP, energy, ash, phosphorous and calcium digestibility improved with enzyme supplementation (p < 0.05). There was an interaction effect on all growth parameters, as well as the digestibility of energy and phosphorus (p < 0.05). This indicates that the effectiveness of the enzymes was dependent on the NSP‐rich ingredient used and thus the composition of the NSP fraction.  相似文献   

Relative efficiency of fungal intra‐ and extracellular phosphatases and phytase     

Jagadish C. Tarafdar  Ranjeet S. Yadav  Ram Niwas 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(1):17-19

A comparison of intra‐ and extracellular acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phytase activity in six fungi is reported. A strong linear relationship between intra versus extracellular fungal acid phosphatase (R² = 0.94), alkaline phosphatase (R² = 0.96), and phytase (R² = 0.97) is observed. Three‐fourth of acid phosphatase were generally present inside the fungal cells and only 25 % were released extracellularly after a three weeks period. Phytase shows the reverse trend where thirty nine times higher extracellular phytase activity was noticed than present inside the fungal cells. The extracellular enzymes are found 60 % more efficient in the hydrolysis of phytin than their intracellular counterpart but they are at par in the hydrolysis of glycerophosphate. The results clearly demonstrated that phytase types of phosphatases mostly occur outside the fungal cells whereas most of the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are located inside the cells.<?show $6#>  相似文献