Effect of non‐starch polysaccharide composition and enzyme supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)     

Roel M. Maas  Marc C. J. Verdegem  Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):622-632

The experiment investigated whether the effect of enzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient digestibility is dependent on type of the ingredient(s) used, by incorporating wheat bran (WB), sunflower meal (SFM) and citrus pulp (CP) to a reference diet (REF). Those ingredients are known to be rich in different types of non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP). Diets were supplemented with and without (control) an enzyme mix (phytase 1,000 FTU/kg and xylanase U/kg) according to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In total, 24 tanks (3 replicates/treatment) were used with 30 fish each (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; mean initial body weight 41 g). Fish were restrictively fed the experimental diets for 43 days (80% of expected satiation). Enzyme supplementation affected the absolute growth (g/day) and FCR (p < 0.05), improving the growth of fish fed the WB and SFM diets, while fish fed the REF and CP diets did not benefit. NSP, energy, ash, phosphorous and calcium digestibility improved with enzyme supplementation (p < 0.05). There was an interaction effect on all growth parameters, as well as the digestibility of energy and phosphorus (p < 0.05). This indicates that the effectiveness of the enzymes was dependent on the NSP‐rich ingredient used and thus the composition of the NSP fraction.  相似文献   

Relative efficiency of fungal intra‐ and extracellular phosphatases and phytase     

Jagadish C. Tarafdar  Ranjeet S. Yadav  Ram Niwas 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(1):17-19

A comparison of intra‐ and extracellular acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phytase activity in six fungi is reported. A strong linear relationship between intra versus extracellular fungal acid phosphatase (R² = 0.94), alkaline phosphatase (R² = 0.96), and phytase (R² = 0.97) is observed. Three‐fourth of acid phosphatase were generally present inside the fungal cells and only 25 % were released extracellularly after a three weeks period. Phytase shows the reverse trend where thirty nine times higher extracellular phytase activity was noticed than present inside the fungal cells. The extracellular enzymes are found 60 % more efficient in the hydrolysis of phytin than their intracellular counterpart but they are at par in the hydrolysis of glycerophosphate. The results clearly demonstrated that phytase types of phosphatases mostly occur outside the fungal cells whereas most of the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are located inside the cells.<?show $6#>  相似文献   

植酸酶对金鳟体成分及金鳟椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YANG Yu-hong  杨雨虹  王枫  韩志忠  董宏伟  杨成辉  陆阳  张永根 《淡水渔业》2009,39(1)

采用喷涂法和预处理两种方法,在豆粕型金鳟饲料中添加不同浓度的植酸酶,通过90 d的饲喂试验,研究植酸酶对金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)体成分及其椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响。结果显示:喷涂法和预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量均有所下降;喷涂法添加植酸酶的处理组的鱼体粗灰分、磷和钙含量均高于对照组,其中,喷涂法添加1500 U/Kg植酸酶组鱼体磷含量、灰分含量和钙含量显著高于对照组(P(0.05),且此组鱼体磷高于其它试验组;喷涂法各组椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量较对照组提高显著(P(0.05),2500 U/kg植酸酶组椎骨磷含量最高,椎骨中钙含量除D1和D8组外,添加植酸酶的处理组均较对照组提高显著(P(0.05)。预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,鱼体和椎骨中粗灰分、磷和钙含量均有显著提高(P(0.05),但植酸酶试验组间椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量和钙含量差异均不显著(P(0.05)。结果表明,金鳟饲料喷涂法添加植酸酶1500~2500 U/kg浓度最适,预处理法添加植酸酶500 U/kg浓度较为宜。  相似文献   

Soy protein concentrate as a substitute for fish meal in diets for juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii: effects on growth,phosphorus discharge and digestive enzyme activity          下载免费PDF全文

Hameeda Kalhoro  Jing Zhou  Ying Hua  Wing‐Keong Ng  Lian Ye  Jinzhi Zhang  Qingjun Shao 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1896-1906

The current high demand and cost of fish meal (FM) necessities the evaluation of alternative plant protein ingredients in diets of farmed marine fish. A 56‐day feeding trial was performed to study the effects of replacement of FM with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets of Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Diets were prepared at levels of 0%, 30%, 47.5%, 65%, 82.5% and 100% SPC, respectively, replacing FM. The results indicated no significant differences (p > .05) in % weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed S30% to S82.5% diets compared with the control diet while, further inclusion at 100% significantly depressed growth performance. SPC inclusion and phytase supplementation significantly affected the phosphorous discharge (P‐load) showing lowest value (3.83 ± 0.53 g/kg WG) in S100% compared to control (14.79 ± 0.37 g/kg WG) and in fish fed S30% diet (13.24 ± 0.89 g/kg WG) (p < .05). The results of this study showed that FM could be substituted up to 82.5% by SPC in the diet of Acanthopagrus schlegelii fingerlings (5.53 ± 0.12 g) without any adverse effects. Phytase supplementation SPC based diets could be effective in reducing the phosphorus load in the aquatic culture environment.  相似文献   

环保型饲粮对生长猪生长性能和养分排泄量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘景  林维雄  方桂友  叶鼎承  缪伏荣  董志岩 《福建农业学报》2016,(4):345-349

为研究低蛋白质饲粮添加植酸酶、非淀粉多糖酶(NSP)和氨基酸微量元素对生长猪生长性能、养分排泄量的影响,选用90头平均初始体重为(41.92±2.6)kg的杜长大三元杂交猪,分为5组,设置1组为对照组,试验组采用低蛋白饲粮,试验2组为添加植酸酶处理;试验3组为添加氨基酸微量元素+植酸酶处理,试验4组为添加植酸酶+NSP酶处理,试验5组为添加氨基酸微量元素+植酸酶+NSP酶,试验期38d。结果表明,试验2组平均日增重、料重比分别比1组提高7.64%和1.94%(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05);粪N浓度2、3、4、5组比1组分别降低18.58%、20.65%、23.01%和21.24%(P0.05);粪P浓度2、3、4、5组比1组分别降低40.23%、38.31%、39.08%和39.85%(P0.01);粪Cu、Fe浓度2、3、4、5组与1组相比极显著降低(P0.01);粪Zn浓度2、3、4、5组与1组相比显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质饲粮添加植酸酶处理,能显著提高生长猪平均日增重,显著减少粪中氮、锌含量,极显著减少粪磷、铜、铁含量;在此基础上,继续应用氨基酸微量元素等量替代相应的无机硫酸盐及添加NSP酶均对生长猪生长性能和粪中养分含量的影响差异不显著。  相似文献   

植酸酶基因PhyA对陆地棉产量性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柯会锋  王省芬  吴立强  李志坤  张艳  张桂寅  马峙英 《棉花学报》2016,28(3):208-214

在人工控制(培养基、水培、沙培)条件下,植酸酶基因PhyA具有分解利用培养基质植酸磷、提高磷素利用效率的功能,但在田间的表现目前尚未明确。在前期完成的PhyA转基因陆地棉新材料盆栽试验基础上,将其种植在田间条件下,研究PhyA基因对棉花产量性状的影响。结果表明,部分转基因棉花新材料的单株结铃数、铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量与野生型对照存在显著差异,PhyA在田间条件下具有改良转基因棉花部分产量性状的能力。在此基础上,遴选出2个转PhyA棉花优良新品系G3、G2,可用作今后转植酸酶基因棉花新品种培育的基础材料。  相似文献   

Cloning of a novel phytase from an anaerobic rumen bacterium,Mitsuokella jalaludinii,and its expression in Escherichia coli     

TAN Wan-qin  Phang Chiun Yee  Sieo Chin Chin  Yiap Beow Chin  Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling  Norhani Abdullah  Son Radu  Ho Yin Wan 《农业科学学报》2015,14(9):1816-1826

The full length phytase gene of Mitsuokella jalaludinii was successfully cloned and was found to be 1 047 bp in length, with 348 amino acids, and was designated as PHY7 phytase gene. A comparison of the sequence of PHY7 phytase gene of M. jalaludinii with various microbial phytase gene sequences showed that it was not similar to those from other bacteria except Selenomonas ruminatium, thus suggesting that they may both express a new class of phytase. The PHY7 phytase gene was subsequently subcloned into bacterial expression vector, p ET32 a, for expression in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami. Expression of the recombinant phytase gene was optimised and characterised. The recombinant phytase was estimated to be approximately 55 k Da by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant phytase exhibited optimum activity at 55°C, p H 4.5 and showed good p H stability from p H 3.5 to 5.5(78% relative activity). Metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were found to exert significant stimulatory effect on the recombinant phytase activity while Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. The recombinant phytase showed moderate resistance to trypsin proteolysis, but susceptible to pepsin proteolysis. The results of the study showed that several characteristics of recombinant phytase were slightly different from the native enzyme. Unfavourable characteristics such as reduced p H stability and metal ion effects should be taken into consideration during feed enzyme formulation.  相似文献   

体细胞核移植技术生产猪植酸酶转基因胚胎的研究     

戴建军  吴彩凤  张树山  顾晓龙  张廷宇  吴志强  张德福 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(11):1-6

为获得具有植酸酶腮腺特异性表达的猪转基因克隆胚胎,本研究使用植酸酶腮腺特异性表达的DNA质粒(包含腮腺分泌蛋白(parotid secretary protein,PSP)启动子与终止子序列、Neo筛选基因、绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因和高比活的植酸酶appA基因),采用脂质体转染和基因素418(G418)药物抗性筛选的方法获取稳转细胞系,并利用体细胞核移植技术获得植酸酶转基因胚胎。结果表明,本研究构建的DNA质粒可用于细胞筛选,且质粒越小,细胞的转染效率越高,14.89 kb的YM6552仅获得了7.1%的转染率,EGFP质粒则获得了43.4%的转染效率。在单克隆形成上,较小的pYN3600也获得了更高的单克隆形成数(25个),其中表达EGFP的单克隆有14个,植酸酶PCR阳性集落有11个,高于YM6552的单克隆数(19、8和6)。转基因细胞构建重构胚胎后,所有的胚胎均能表达绿色荧光蛋白,虽其体外发育能力有所下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,本研究所采用的植酸酶质粒、细胞筛选方法和核移植技术可生产植酸酶重构胚。  相似文献   

葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对1～3周龄肉鸡磷利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭艳丽  石杨红 《中国畜牧兽医》2009,36(7):5-8

用350只1周龄的Arbor Acres(AA)商品肉公鸡进行试验,采用2×3＋1试验设计,其中葡萄糖酸钠2个水平（0.2%）,植酸酶3个水平（0.500、1000 U/kg）,另有一满足NRC钙、磷需要的正常日粮,共7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。研究玉米-豆粕型低磷日粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对肉鸡磷利用的影响。试验期1～3周。结果表明,在低磷日粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠显著提高了肉鸡的钙（P=0.003）和磷（P<0.001）的表观存留率,降低了血清碱性磷酸酶活性（P=0.038）;植酸酶提高了肉鸡的胫骨灰分重量（P<0.001）、钙（P=0.005）和磷（P<0.001）的表观存留率。在胫骨灰分重量（P=0.030）和磷表观存留率（P=0.008）上,葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶存在互作。  相似文献   

植酸酶替代产蛋鸡饲料中的磷酸氢钙的应用试验     

姚忠会  查星琴  潘伟荣  霍金龙 《畜牧与饲料科学》2009,30(1)

利用植酸酶可以水解植物性饲料中植酸的原理,探讨在产蛋鸡饲料中添加商品植酸酶替代不同水平磷酸氢钙的效果.选用50～54周海兰褐产蛋鸡为试验对象,在每千克饲料申添加400 FYT植酸酶分别替代8 g、16 g的磷酸氢钙,观测植酸酶对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响.结果显示,用400 FYT植酸酶替代16 g磷酸氢钙可以保持产蛋鸡生产性能不变,而替代8 g磷酸氢钙可以提高产蛋鸡的生产性能,只日产量、产蛋率、料蛋比分别提高3.4%、3.6%、3.7%.因此,在产蛋鸡饲料中用400FYT植酸酶替代8 g磷酸氢钙可以提高产蛋鸡生产性能,同时也可以降低饲料配方中的总磷.  相似文献