籼三系不育系楠丰67A选育和利用评价研究     

卢华金  杨文清  楼珏  阮柏苗  郑国楚 《安徽农业科学》2012,(36):17505-17507

[目的]选育籼三系不育系楠丰67A,并对其利用价值进行评价.[方法]介绍楠丰67A的选育经过、特征特性、稻米品质遗传特点和制繁种关键技术,探讨其应用价值及潜力.[结果]研究迟熟早籼矮败型不育系楠丰67A,典败率96.78％,柱头外露率43.98％,其中双外露率25.30％.株型好,一般配合力(GCA)效应值总体高于珍汕97A,单株穗数、穗总粒数和结实率比珍汕97A有更强的杂种优势,单株粒重、千粒重的特殊配合力(SCA)效应方差较小,软胶稠度,中低直链淀粉含量,中感稻瘟病.2009年通过浙江省农作物审定委员会组织的技术鉴定.[结论]该研究对今后三系不育系的选育和楠丰67A的利用具有指导意义.  相似文献   

西藏马铃薯育种现状、存在问题及发展方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖文华 《西藏农业科技》2013,35(3):4-5,32

马铃薯是我区仅次于青稞、小麦、油菜之后的第四大作物，近年来，我区马铃薯生产发展迅速，种植面积逐年增加，各类马铃薯生产加工企业不断兴起。与此同时，生产中品种用途单一，专用品种缺乏的矛盾也逐步显露，这些都对我区马铃薯育种工作提出新的要求。  相似文献   

高产·优质·抗倒伏新品种皖稻153选育及推广应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王伍梅  台德卫  张效忠  钱征  杨联松  林翠香  黄贯刘  林开兵  张翔 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(18)

皖稻153具有产量高、米质较优、耐热性强、抗倒性好、适应性广等特点。自推广以来,创造了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。对皖稻153的选育过程与特征特性作了描述,并从其推广应用中得到启示。  相似文献   

日本对虾内陆养殖的实验室模拟研究     

林能锋  傅文庆 《福建畜牧兽医》1999,(1):3-4

我们将日本对虾进行实验室桶养作模拟内陆养殖试验。发现日本对虾可以顺利地养殖到体长５－７厘变,然后短人存活率急剧降低,这一现象与我们海边虾塘养殖所得到的结果极为一致,我们称之为“５－７”现象。  相似文献   

Transmission of classical swine fever virus within herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands     

Stegeman A  Elbers AR  Bouma A  de Smit H  de Jong MC 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,42(3-4):201-218

In this paper, we describe the transmission of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSF virus) within herds during the 1997–1998 epidemic in the Netherlands. In seven herds where the infection started among individually housed breeding stock, all breeding pigs had been tested for antibodies to CSF virus shortly before depopulation. Based upon these data, the transmission of CSF virus between pigs was described as exponential growth in time with a parameter r, that was estimated at 0.108 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.060–0.156). The accompanying per-generation transmission (expressed as the basic reproduction ratio, R₀) was estimated at 2.9. Based upon this characterisation, a calculation method was derived with which serological findings at depopulation can be used to calculate the period in which the virus was with a certain probability introduced into that breeding stock. This model was used to estimate the period when the virus had been introduced into 34 herds where the infection started in the breeding section. Of these herds, only a single contact with a herd previously infected had been traced. However, in contrast with the seven previously mentioned herds, only a sample of the breeding pigs had been tested before depopulation (as was the common procedure during the epidemic). The observed number of days between the single contact with an infected herd and the day of sampling of these 34 herds fitted well in the model. Thus, we concluded that the model and transmission parameter was in agreement with the transmission between breeding pigs in these herds.

Because of the limited sample size and because it was usually unknown in which specific pen the infection started, we were unable to estimate transmission parameters for weaned piglets and finishing pigs from the data collected during the epidemic. However, from the results of controlled experiments in which R₀ was estimated as 81 between weaned piglets and 14 between heavy finishing pigs (Laevens et al., 1998a. Vet. Quart. 20, 41–45; Laevens et al., 1999. Ph.D. Thesis), we constructed a simple model to describe the transmission of CSF virus in compartments (rooms) housing finishing pigs and weaned piglets. From the number of pens per compartment, the number of pigs per pen, the numbers of pigs tested for antibodies to CSF virus and the distribution of the seropositive pigs in the compartment, this model gives again a period in which the virus most probably entered the herd. Using the findings in 41 herds where the infection started in the section of the finishers or weaned piglets of the age of 8 weeks or older, and of which only a single contact with a herd previously infected was known, there was no reason to reject the model. Thus, we concluded that the transmission between weaned piglets and finishing pigs during the epidemic was not significantly different from the transmission observed in the experiments.  相似文献   

Classical swine fever in The Netherlands 1997-1998: a description of organisation and measures to eradicate the disease     

Pluimers FH  de Leeuw PW  Smak JA  Elbers AR  Stegeman JA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,42(3-4):139-155

The central and regional organisation of the campaign to eradicate the CSF epidemic in the Netherlands in 1997/1998 is described. The main instruments used in the campaign were based on stamping-out and movement restrictions specified by the European Union. Additional instruments were used for the first time, namely, pre-emptive culling of contact and neighbouring farms, compartmentalisation of transport, monthly serological screening in established surveillance areas and supervised repopulation of all farms in the former surveillance zone. Two other measures, the killing of very young piglets and a breeding ban were introduced to reduce production in established surveillance zones. Several factors complicated the eradication campaign, for instance, the late detection of the first infection; artificial insemination as a source of infection; the organisation of pig farming in the Netherlands, with its highly concentrated production and dependence on the transport of stock from one unit to another; insufficient rendering capacity; decreasing sensitivity of clinical inspection; and extremely high costs.  相似文献   

耐热优质黄瓜新品种夏盛的选育   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗少波  周微波  罗剑宁  李智军  龚浩  中岛武彦  飞马单健一  藤野雅文  森下昌三 《中国蔬菜》1996,1(5):8-0

利用耐热、抗病的雌性系ＧＥ作母本，优质的绿宝选１作父本配制而成的一代杂种——夏盛，夏季栽培从播种到始收３３天，一般６６７ｍ２产２５００ｋｇ，高产的可达３５００ｋｇ，耐热性强，抗病毒病（ＣＭＶ）和中抗疫病。果实圆筒形，长２１．５ｃｍ，横径４．７ｃｍ，肉厚２．８ｃｍ，质脆，皮色深绿有光泽，适于华南地区夏秋露地栽培  相似文献   

丝胶茧蚕品种选育初报   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

李军  费建明  李玉峰  金卫明  徐孟奎  陈玉银 《蚕桑通报》2006,37(3):20-22

利用家蚕资源库中的突变基因,初步育成了丝胶茧蚕品种。导入了与活性物质黄酮类产生有关的基因,使丝胶中含有特殊的功能性活性物质。为丝胶的保健食用和高档化妆品利用提供原料。  相似文献   

Prediction of intramuscular fat by ultrasound in lean cattle     

L. Aass  J.D. Gresham  G. Klemetsdal 《Livestock Science》2006,101(1-3):228-241

To study the accuracy and precision of intramuscular fat prediction by ultrasound (USIMF) in lean cattle, prediction models were developed based on 325 pure and crossbred beef and dual purpose bulls originating from I) commercial herds (n = 180) and II) a performance test station (n = 145). The bulls were scanned across the 12th thoracic vertebrae using a Pie 200 SLC scanner. Five images were collected per individual bull for later processing in the lab. After slaughter, a 2.5 cm cross-sectional sample located by the 13th thoracic vertebrae was used for chemical analysis to determine intramuscular fat % (CHIMF; Mean 1.25%, SD 0.6%) at the image site. The data were analysed sequentially involving 1) the Total Dataset, 2) Dataset I and 3) Dataset II. Prediction models were developed separately for each dataset, using stepwise regression procedures. The validation model R², RMSE, overall mean bias, SEP, r_P and rank correlations for CHIMF and USIMF based on the best prediction model (Dataset I) were 0.48, 0.46%, − 0.02%, 0.46%, 0.70 and 0.67, respectively. Further improvement in prediction accuracy can probably be achieved by increasing the size of datasets and the CHIMF variation. The results strongly indicate that ultrasound has potential for IMF prediction in lean cattle, although the value in indirect selection of breeding cattle for meat quality needs to be further evaluated.  相似文献   

Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance     

Reni Chaerani  Roeland E. Voorrips 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(6):335-347

Alternaria solani causes diseases on foliage (early blight), basal stems of seedlings (collar rot), stems of adult plants (stem lesions), and fruits (fruit rot) of tomato. Early blight is the most destructive of these diseases and hence receives considerable attention in breeding. For over 60 years, breeding for early blight resistance has been practiced, but the development of cultivars with high levels of resistance has been hampered by the lack of sources of strong resistance in the cultivated tomato and by the quantitative expression and polygenic inheritance of the resistance. In some accessions of wild species, high levels of early blight resistance have been found, but breeding lines still have unfavorable horticultural traits from the donor parent. Recently, the first linkage maps with loci controlling early blight resistance have been developed based on interspecific crosses. These maps may facilitate marker-assisted selection. This overview presents the current knowledge about the A. solani–tomato complex with respect to its biology, genetics, and breeding.  相似文献