单色蓝光和红光对烟苗叶片生长和碳氮代谢的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

史宏志  韩锦峰 《河南农业大学学报》1998,32(3):258-262

在辐照度相同的条件下,单色蓝光对烟苗叶片生长具有显著的抑制效应,可使叶征长,宽减小,但要促使比叶重和干鲜比增加,叶片加厚,蓝光处理的叶片地绿素含量减少,净光合速度降低,但呼吸速率明显增强,可以促进烟叶的氮代谢,使叶片总氮,蛋白质,氨基酸含量提高,硝酸还原酶活性增加,转化酶活性降低;红光对叶面的抑制作用较小,使比叶重降低,叶片变薄,叶绿素含量下降,叶色减淡,但可促进碳代谢的增强,表现为转化酶活性高,  相似文献   

Changes in the nutritional parameters of muscles of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) following environmental exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom     

Jan Mares  Miroslava Palikova  Radovan Kopp  Stanislav Navratil  & Jiri Pikula 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):148-156

The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 10⁵ cells mL⁻¹ (133–383 μg g⁻¹ of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles.  相似文献   

Nursery areas of Micromesistius poutassou and Sardina pilchardus unveil their reproductive strategies in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea     

Ana Sabatés  Vanesa Raya  Jordi Salat  Joan Mir-Arguimbau  M. Pilar Olivar 《Fisheries Oceanography》2024,33(2):e12661

Winter conditions in the NW Mediterranean cause instability of the water column and non-geostrophic dynamics, such as vertical mixing and convection are significant. These events involve nutrient supply to the photic zone that can sustain high productivity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of winter hydrodynamics on the spawning strategies of Sardina pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) off the Catalan coast. The occurrence of S. pilchardus eggs very close to the coast indicated a clear preference of the species for spawning in coastal areas. Preflexion and postflexion larvae exhibited a slightly wider distribution showing a clear association with the cold, less saline and more productive coastal waters. Preflexion larvae of M. poutassou were found on the upper slope and over the shelf, being offshore limited by the shelf/slope front present all along the slope. The front would act as a barrier preventing their dispersion towards the open sea. M. poutassou larvae in advanced developmental stages were located close to the coast in the productive shelf waters, with instabilities of the front contributing to larval transport from offshore waters to the coast. The vertical distribution of both species showed high variability, not only related with the daily cycle or developmental stage, but also with the vertical structure of the water column. Overall, the results provide some clues on how the spawning strategies of both species may evolve under future scenarios of higher winter-stratification, because of the global warming.  相似文献   

基于生活史特征的数据有限条件下渔业资源评估方法比较   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

史登福  张魁  陈作志 《中国水产科学》2020,27(1):12-23

渔业资源评估是开展渔业资源管理,维系渔业可持续发展的基础工作。传统的渔业资源评估方法需要统计产量、资源丰度指数甚至年龄结构等大量数据,由于调查经费和数据的缺乏,全球仅1%的鱼种进行过系统性的资源评估。近年来,在数据有限(data-limited)条件下如何开展资源评估已日益成为学术界的关注热点。本文将基于生活史特征的评估方法分为仅需要生活史参数,需要产量数据和生活史参数,需要产量数据、生活史参数及体长或年龄数据等3大类,分别从方法、数据要求、输出结果及局限性进行了系统回顾分析,提供了关于生活史特征参数的常见估算方法,并就其中两种模型对北大西洋大青鲨(Prionace glauca)的可持续渔获量进行了初步评估与比较。最后,对数据缺乏模型的使用及模型在中国近海渔业资源评估中的运用提出了建议。  相似文献   

A new sustainable formulated feed based on discards from food industries for rearing the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk)     

Salvatrice Vizzini  Giulia Visconti  Geraldina Signa  Salvatore Romano  Antonio Mazzola 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):691-701

During a 18‐week experiment in a sea‐based system, Paracentrotus lividus was fed with two formulations of a new sustainable feed whose main ingredients were food farming discards, mostly outermost lettuce leaves, in different percentage. Egg white was added as protein source and binder, and a little amount of commercial fish feed was added as lipid source. At the end of the experiment, a high survival rate (>80%) and an increase in test diameter (22%), total weight (130%), gonad weight (240%) and gonad index expressed as size‐adjusted gonad weight (288%) were recorded. Gonads achieved a good colour and high levels of essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids, hence representing a commercially valuable product. Comparing the two feed formulations, the one with the lower lettuce content (57% vs. 67%) led to the best product quality, in terms of gonad features (gonad index and colour) and content of essential fatty acids. In order to move towards a higher sustainability of the aquaculture sector, this study proposes a low‐cost feed, produced with cheap and sustainable ingredients such as food farming discards.  相似文献   

新疆主要农作物生产水足迹研究     

金谦  桂东伟  高霄鹏  曾凡江  薛杰  张齐飞 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(6):243-249

农业是新疆水资源消耗最大的产业。本研究应用水足迹理论对新疆83个县市主要农作物的生产水足迹进行研究分析,比较不同作物之间生产水足迹的差异,探讨新疆农业生产水足迹在空间上的变化规律。研究结果表明,全疆2014年主要农作物生产水足迹总量为355.47×108m3,其中主要为蓝水足迹,所占比例高达91.31%;绿水足迹极低,所占比例仅为8.69%。7种主要作物生产水足迹由高到低分别是棉花,向日葵,小麦,水稻,玉米,苜蓿以及甜菜。水足迹空间分布在不同区域差异显著,南疆以及伊犁地区的生产水足迹总量相对较高,二者总量为243.46×108m3,东疆和北疆地区水足迹总量相对较低,二者总量为112.01×108m3,总体呈现出西南高东北低的分布趋势。  相似文献   

黄肉桃中PpSGRs对蓝光的响应及其对贮藏中类胡萝卜素积累的影响     

沈子明  徐利伟  施丽愉  陈伟  杨震峰 《园艺学报》2018,45(2):229-238

为揭示蓝光处理促进黄肉桃果实类胡萝卜素积累的机制,以黄肉桃‘金丽’果实为研究对象,从桃基因组中筛选出PpSGR1和PpSGRL基因进行生物信息学分析,并通过q-PCR分析PpSGR1和PpSGRL在不同组织和不同发育阶段果实及其在40 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1蓝光处理果实中的表达。结果表明,PpSGR1具有多半胱氨酸保守域,属于SGR亚族;PpSGRL基因C端突变失去多半胱氨酸保守域,属于SGR-Like亚族;PpSGR1和PpSGRL都含有叶绿体信号肽,与梅亲缘关系最近。PpSGRs在‘金丽’桃不同组织和不同成熟阶段果实中均有表达,其中PpSGR1与果实采后类胡萝卜素的合成密切相关。蓝光处理可快速抑制桃果实PpPIF3进而抑制PpSGR1的转录,促进贮藏前期果实中PpPSY的表达,提高类胡萝卜素的合成和积累。同时,蓝光处理可能通过促进桃果实内源乙烯合成,上调PpSGR1表达进而抑制PpPSY转录水平,降低桃果实贮藏后期类胡萝卜素的合成能力。  相似文献   

蓝光对龙眼细胞培养及类黄酮代谢的影响     

李汉生  姚德恒  陈晓慧  刘炜婳  陈裕坤  林玉玲  王云  赖钟雄 《热带作物学报》2018,39(4):694-701

采用搅拌式生物反应器放大培养龙眼悬浮细胞,探讨蓝光对龙眼细胞生长及类黄酮积累的影响。基于已建立并优化的龙眼细胞悬浮培养体系,首先研究龙眼细胞在黑暗和蓝光的培养过程中,细胞生长量、类黄酮含量、细胞活力、培养液的底物消耗量等的变化情况。结果发现:龙眼细胞培养9 d后,蓝光的细胞干重比黑暗增长了0.28 g/L,类黄酮含量增长了0.77 mg/g。细胞培养前期蓝光的培养液蔗糖消耗速度慢于黑暗培养,此后蔗糖含量均稳定在2 g/L。培养过程中,蓝光培养的还原糖含量均高于黑暗培养,蓝光的磷酸盐的消耗量基本大于黑暗培养。其次,通过qPCR技术分析光信号转录因子DlHY5、调控基因DlPAP1及类黄酮途径合成基因DlCHS的表达差异。结果表明蓝光可能通过光信号转录因子DlHY5调控基因DlPAP1的表达,进而调控龙眼类黄酮代谢途径合成基因DlCHS的表达,从而导致类黄酮的积累。  相似文献   

蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicer acaerulea L.)果实中内源酚类物质抗氧化性能检测方法的研究进展     

葛丽丽  张启昌  魏红旭  李国伟 《中国农业科技导报》2016,18(3):55-61

蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicer acaerulea L.)是一种优质的药食同源类浆果,因其果实中富含酚类物质而具有明显的抗氧化功能并具有抗病、杀菌等功效。介绍了蓝靛果忍冬果实提取物中内源酚类物质的组成,并从直接检测和间接检测两方面综述了其抗氧化性能检测方法的研究进展,同时对未来内源酚类物质抗氧化性能的检测方法进行展望,以期为我国蓝靛果忍冬果实产品的开发和利用提供参考。  相似文献   

Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Purified by Dye Affinity Chromatography     

Ahmed Zayed  Kai Muffler  Thomas Hahn  Steffen Rupp  Doris Finkelmeier  Anke Burger-Kentischer  Roland Ulber 《Marine drugs》2016,14(4)

A comparative study concerning the physicochemical, monomeric composition and biological characters among different fucoidan fractions is presented. Common purification techniques for fucoidan usually involve many steps. During these steps, the important structural features might be affected and consequently alter its biological activities. Three purified fractions were derived from Fucus vesiculosus water extract which, afterwards, were purified by a recently-developed dye affinity chromatography protocol. This protocol is based on dye-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. The first two fractions were obtained from crude precipitated fucoidan at different pH values of the adsorption phase: pH 1 and 6. This procedure resulted in fucoidan_1 and 6 fractions. The other, third, fraction: fucoidan_M, however, was obtained from a buffered crude extract at pH 1, eliminating the ethanol precipitation step. All of the three fractions were then further evaluated. Results revealed that fucoidan_M showed the highest sulfur content (S%), 12.11%, with the lowest average molecular weight, 48 kDa. Fucose, galactose, and uronic acid/glucose dimers were detected in all fractions, although, xylose was only detected in fucoidan_1 and 6. In a concentration of 10 µg·mL⁻¹, Fucoidan_6 showed the highest heparin-like anticoagulant activity and could prolong the APTT and TT significantly to 66.03 ± 2.93 and 75.36 ± 1.37 s, respectively. In addition, fucoidan_M demonstrated the highest potency against HSV-1 with an IC₅₀ of 2.41 µg·mL⁻¹. The technique proved to be a candidate for fucoidan purifaction from its crude extract removing the precipitation step from common purification protocols and produced different fucoidan qualities resulted from the different incubation conditions with the immobilized thiazine toluidine blue O dye.  相似文献