不同间作模式下木薯花生光合效率比较     

胡飞龙  高倩圆  焦加国  黄欠如  周静  胡锋 《土壤》2012,44(2):332-337

田间设置木薯和花生的不同间作措施处理,利用LI-6400光合仪测定不同处理的光合日变化。结果表明:①木薯、花生的生长环境因子的日变化均为"单峰"型曲线,其中光合有效辐射（PAR）、田间CO₂浓度（Ca）呈开口向下曲线,大气相对湿度（RH）、大气温度（Ta）的日变化曲线则开口向上。②不同间作措施中,间作窄行并无绝对优势;间作宽行可保证作物产量,但其瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）和气孔限制值（Ls）均最低,不利于在缺水环境下推广;间作双行的WUE和CO₂利用效率最高,这在严重水分胁迫条件无疑是最优选择。③由统计分析可知,对花生和木薯净光合速率（Pn）影响显著的因子均为作物蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Cond）和气孔限制值（Ls）,其中Pn与Tr、Cond、Ls呈正相关,与Ci呈负相关。术薯、花生的"午休"现象主要由非气孔因素决定,其气孔机制是作物蒸腾速率（Tr）和胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）双重起作用的结果,首先起作用的是Tr诱发的光抑制,之后气孔开关则是由Ci调控。  相似文献   

Consumer acceptability of stiff porridge based on various composite flour proportions of sorghum,maize and cassava     

N. T. A. Bangu  K. Mtebe  T. S. Nzallawahe 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(4):299-303

A study was conducted to determine consumer acceptable proportions of flours in sorghum (var. serena) and maize or sorghum, maize and cassava composite flours. Breeder's serena flour extracted at 75 percent was mixed at various proportions with maize or with maize and cassava to constitute composite flours. The various composite flours were made into stiff porridge and presented to a group of panellists for sensory evaluation. The evaluation was conducted by scoring on a hedonic scale of 0–5 for poor to excellent, respectively, for the parameters colour, texture, flavour, taste and overall acceptability. The responses were analysed statistically. Alternatively the panellists were allowed to eat ad-lib any of the presented samples which appealed to them. The results demonstrated that slight incorporation (<10%) of sorghum (var. serena) to maize flour leads to reduction in consumer acceptability. However, increased incorporation of sorghum in excess of 10 percent leads to no significant decrease in consumer acceptability until a level of 30 percent incorporation is exceeded. In sorghum, maize, cassava composite flours the formulation of 30:40:30, respectively, was found to be most acceptable. It is suggested that at this combination of flours desirable textural characteristics of the porridge overrides other factors in contributing to its acceptability.  相似文献   

肉牛饲喂木薯渣及氨化甘蔗梢的育肥效果     

刘建勇  黄必志  王安奎  张继才  李乔仙  王喆  张羽  杨建炆 《中国牛业科学》2011,37(5):13-16

[目的]本试验拟通过木薯渣和甘蔗梢育肥肉牛试验,对屠宰性状、胴体品质评价及品尝评分,为肉牛产业提供参考依据。[方法]试验设以木薯渣为基础日粮（Ⅰ组）和以氨化甘蔗梢为基础日粮（Ⅱ组）2个组,分别补给3.0 kg精料,每组7头未去势西杂公牛,育肥110 d后进行屠宰。[结果]表明：①Ⅰ组期末平均活重434.27 kg,平均...  相似文献   

Investigations on the effect of traditional food processing,preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients: A case study in Tanzania     

M. H. Lyimo  S. Nyagwegwe  A. P. Mnkeni 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(1):53-57

The effect of traditional food proceesing, preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients was studied using cassava, pumpkin and mwage leaves. Traditional cooking method for 90 min for cassava, 50 min for pumpkin and mwage leaves resulted in significant losses in protein, fats and vitamins. Sundrying using traditional mats caused losses of vitamin A of 36.3%, 38.0% and 50.3% for cassava pumpkin and mwage leaves respectively. Storage using earthenware pots for six weeks resulted in significant losses of vitamin C. In general, traditional methods for processing, preservation and storage of vegetables cause significant losses of nutrients, an effect that could account for poor, nutritional status in Morogoro region (Tanzania).  相似文献   

Nutritional characteristics of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation     

R. Castellanos  S. B. Altamirano  R. H. Moretti 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,45(4):357-363

Some nutritional characteristics of cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were compared with that obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. Protein concentrates did not show noticable differences in their proximal composition and amino acids content. However, higher values of total carotene, available lysine, and in vitro digestibility were found, in contrast with less content of total cyanide in protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values of the leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were higher than those obtained by thermocoagulation, 1.81 and 1.60 respectively. These values increased to 2.30 and 1.90 when the concentrates were mixed with sesame flour, in proportion according to the chemical score of their proteins.  相似文献   

江西发展能源作物木薯的可行性及前景分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

袁展汽  肖运萍  刘仁根 《江西农业学报》2008,20(4):93-95

从江西的气候条件、边际土地资源、种植效益和以木薯淀粉为原料开发生物燃料乙醇等方面,分析了江西发展能源作物木薯的可行性及发展前景。并提出了江西加快发展木薯生产的建议。  相似文献   

桂平市木薯品种筛选比较试验报告   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王群芳  陈仲南  邹贵才  黎应文  郭向礼 《广西农学报》2008,23(5):16-19

对17个木薯品种进行筛选比较试验,结果表明：新选048、南植199、辐选01、华南8号、华南5号等品种,表现稳产、高产、高淀粉含量,综合农艺性状优良,较适合推广种植,可作为重点推广的优质高产木薯良种。  相似文献   

不同钾肥施用水平对木薯产量影响试验初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何浩清  吴健华  黎展文 《广西农学报》2008,23(6):26-27

为探索不同钾肥施用水平对木薯产量的影响,笔者在藤县进行同量基肥、不同量钾肥追肥施用的研究试验。试验结果表明：追施不同量的钾肥均能增加木薯的产量,但对作物的农艺性状基本无影响;从综合效益出发,以追施氯化钾225kg／hm^2产生的综合效益最好。  相似文献   

种植木薯对土壤肥力的影响     

陆小静  叶剑秋  齐兰  李开绵 《热带农业科学》2009,29(1)

长期以来,人们认为种植木薯会使土壤衰竭,同时,许多试验也证明木薯从土壤中吸收了很多大量元素,但是与其它作物相比较,生产等量的干物质,除了钾以外,木薯从土壤中吸收的养分并不比其它作物高。这个事实说明不应该认为木薯会降低土壤肥力。人们认为木薯会降低地力,可能是由于木薯能够生长在贫瘠的土壤,而其它的作物却不能在这种环境下生长,所以在种植过木薯的土地上,其他的农作物不能生长。在土壤贫瘠的土地上,木薯也不可能达到它预期的产量,除非补充新的养料,甚至在低于中等肥力的土地上,木薯的产量也会大大低于其预期产量。在亚洲,尤其是在人口密度大的地区,农民在作物种植密度和控制土壤肥力等栽培管理方面都有一些经验。同时,人们也在探索一些预防土壤流失的技术,有些方法已经被农民采用了。目前的主要问题是如何采取有效的方法,使人们获得短期利润并能长期受益,"农民参与式"是目前解决问题的较好方法。  相似文献   

木薯有性四倍体遗传稳定性分析     

刘云豪  贾泽冲  陈霞  王海  邓雅洁  潘冉冉  赖杭桂 《分子植物育种》2020,(1):246-252

木薯作为中国重要的经济作物,其优良品种的选育一直是木薯科研工作的重点,而多倍体的巨型性特点为其育种提供了新的思路,目前多倍体研究大多是体细胞加倍,有性多倍化研究起步较晚,而本课题组通过2n配子有性活体杂交,成功获得了首例木薯有性四倍体植株。为了研究木薯有性四倍体的遗传稳定性,本研究分别采用:田间的农艺性状观测(生长稳定期)、流式细胞术、叶片染色体计数、蛋白质含量测定/蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳以及淀粉含量测定等方法进行鉴定。结果显示:木薯有性四倍体各株系农艺性状均保持了母株器官巨型性的多倍体特征;流式细胞仪分析显示,木薯有性四倍体各株系叶片DNA含量均为二倍体亲本(SC5)的两倍,相对应的叶片染色体数目也为二倍体亲本(SC5)的两倍,且视野中四倍体细胞所占比例均在90%以上;各株系蛋白质含量均小于二倍体对照组,且有性多倍体株系电泳谱带基本相似;在淀粉含量测定中,其各株系淀粉含量均小于对照组,且各株系之间含量波动较小。本研究结果表明木薯有性四倍体植株具有较好的遗传稳定性,对木薯多倍体品种的选育具有重要意义。  相似文献