水稻移栽田快杀稗混用试验研究     

许泳峰  朱迎春 《沈阳农业大学学报》1991,22(2):103-107

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Vegetation Composition and Succession of Abandoned Farmland: Effects of Ecological,Historical and Spatial Factors   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Karyne?BenjaminEmail author  Gérald?Domon  André?Bouchard 《Landscape Ecology》2005,20(6):627-647

In North America, as well as in Europe, the mechanization and the modernization of the agricultural activities had strongly modified the agricultural landscapes. Originating from these transformations of the agricultural environment, abandoned farmlands remain poorly known environments. A holistic approach, including the analysis of ecological, historical and spatial factors, is used in order to understand the dynamics of these environments created by agricultural abandonment in southwestern Québec (Canada). The analysis of 36 abandoned farmlands in the study area reveals the existence of two ecological groups. The first ecological group is composed by abandoned farmlands originating from pasture and at the moment dominated by a spiny shrub vegetation. The second ecological group includes past cultivated field at the moment dominated by either hydric herbaceous and shrub vegetation. Abiotic ecological variables such as slope, surface stoniness, canopy opening and soil pH, as well as land-use history, and age of the abandoned farmlands, are major factors explaining the current state of abandoned farmlands. Succession vector analysis reveals a strong differentiation among abandoned farmlands as to their tree species regeneration. Possible management alternatives, such as reforestation, are proposed in order to integrate those new environments to the modern agricultural landscape.  相似文献   

土壤水分状况和质地对稻田N₂O排放的影响   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

徐华  邢光喜  蔡祖聪  鹤田治雄 《土壤学报》2000,37(4):499-515

1994年在中国科学院封丘生态试验站通过小区试验研究了土壤质地和水分状况对稻田N  相似文献   

The role of rice plants in regulating mechanisms of methane missions   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

R. Wassmann  M. S. Aulakh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(1):20-29

 Rice plants play a pivotal role in different levels of the methane (CH₄) budget of rice fields. CH₄ production in rice fields largely depends on plant-borne material that can be either decaying tissue or root exudates. The quantity and quality of root exudates is affected by mechanical impedance, presence of toxic elements, nutrient deficiencies, water status of growing medium, and nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere. CH₄ oxidation in rice fields is localized in the rhizosphere where the concentration gradients of CH₄ and oxygen overlap. CH₄ oxidation capacity is a function of the downward transport of oxygen through the aerenchyma, which, in turn, also acts as a conduit for CH₄ from the soil to the atmosphere. The decisive step in the passage of CH₄ through rice plant is the transition from root to stem. However, rice plants show an enormous variety of morphological and physiological properties, including differences in root exudation and gas transfer capacity. Comparative studies on different cultivars are deemed crucial for accomplishing a better understanding of the mechanisms of CH₄ consumption in the rhizosphere and CH₄ transport through the rice plant as well as the interaction of these processes. The results of such studies are considered tools for devising mitigation options. Received: 7 April 1999  相似文献   

烤田对种稻土壤甲烷排放的影响   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

徐华  蔡祖聪  李小平 《土壤学报》2000,37(1):69-76

本文通过温室盆栽试验研究了烤田对种稻土壤甲烷排放的影响。在水稻移栽后的第４３天和１０２天各烤田一次,持续时间分别为２８和１１３小时。结果表明种稻土壤在开台田后前１６和４２小时内有大量甲烷排放,且在烤田后不久土壤呈微干松软状态时出现甲烷排放高峰。随着烤田的延续,至土壤呈干裂状态时甲烷排放通量降为零,烤田能促进土壤闭蓄态甲烷的排放,烤田期间甲烷排放量点水稻生长期甲烷排放总量的５．９６％～１０．０５％。  相似文献   

菊酯类农药在稻田使用初探（一）——拟除虫菊酯类农药防治水稻害虫药效试验   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

单正军  阚李斌 《农药科学与管理》2000,21(5):21-23

本文通过小区试验和大田示范,研究拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对防治稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、三化螟的药效,并与甲胺磷的防治效果进行比较,为稻田取代高毒农药做有益尝试。  相似文献   

菊酯类农药在稻田使用初探(二)——拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用的环境安全性研究     

单正军  朱忠林  蔡道基  阚李斌 《农药科学与管理》2000,(6)

本文研究拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对水生生物、天敌、稻飞虱再猖獗以及对施药人员健康的影响 ,并研究菊酯类农药在作物和土壤中的残留 ,从而评价拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对环境的安全性  相似文献   

滨海盐土地区稻田暗管排水效果试验研究   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

周明耀  陈朝如  毛春生  曹玉华  贾良荣 《农业工程学报》2000,16(2):54-57

稻田渗漏量是调节土壤通透性、降解土壤盐渍害的重要控制指标,涉及自然、经济技术等多种复杂因素,该文依据渗漏量对地下水溶解氧、土壤氧化还原电位、作物产量等的影响特点,通过3年的试验研究,首次提出滨海沙性盐土地区稻田渗漏量的上限控制指标,为该类地区暗管排水系统的规划设计及运行管理提供了参考  相似文献   

我国农业机械化的新形势和水稻生产机械化问题   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14  

牛盾 《农业工程学报》2000,16(4):7-10

介绍了中国农业机械化发展现状与前景,分析了在中国农业发展的新阶段农业机械化发展所面临的新形势。结合中国国情,对中国发展水稻机械化生产尤其是不同类型区域的技术体系和政策措施进行了概括,提出了发展水稻机械化生产的指导方针。通过国际经济技术的交流与合作,引进吸收先进技术,加快我国农业机械化的发展  相似文献   

大面积稻田病虫优化防治技术的研究     

刘年喜  唐会联  刘若书  胡立冬 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,26(4):289-292

１９９７￣１９９９年,在对湖南桃江县水稻主要病虫不同年度的灾变特点和病虫发生新动向调查的基础上,筛选出大面积稻田病虫优化防治技术,即县域统防,社区统治,分田施治,依据病虫发生的特征制定防治对策,初步筛选出一批低残留、高防效、有利保护天敌的新农药,采用优化防治技术与依据传统经验进行防治的方法相比,可节省防治费用２１．３１％,增加单产４４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２  相似文献