卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的色谱分析法研究进展     

孟冬玲  范忠  唐桂芳 《广西农学报》2012,(2):52-54,62

近年来卷烟烟气中有害成分的分析方法研究已成为热点问题。本文结合色谱法具有高分辨效力、高分析效率、高灵敏度、操作简便和应用广泛的特点，以及卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的特性，有针对性的按照色谱法对2000年以来卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的分析方法进行归纳总结，分析国内外卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的分析方法优缺点，为从事卷烟烟气有害成分分析的工作者提供技术参考。  相似文献   

Biological activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) and its chemical constituents on Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae)     

Weiquan Qin  Shanchun Huang  Siting Chen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(3):132-139

The results showed that the essential oil from Piper sarmentosum has strong antifeedant and toxicity effects on Brontispa longissima. The best antifeedant and contact toxicity effects were observed in the 1st-2nd instar larvae. The essential oil also displayed a notable fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. It took the control-treated insects 43.34 d to complete one generation, while the insects treated with 2000 mg/L essential oil needed 73.58 d. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 41 components were identified. Myristicin (65.22%) and trans-caryophyllene (13.89%) were the major components. Myristicin exhibited strong antifeedant and contact toxicity effects on both the 3rd instar larvae and the imagoes of B. longissima, when it showed a significant fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. Another P. sarmentosum essential oil and myristicin all showed a strong inhibiting effect on the growth and development of B. longissima along with the activity of AChE, CarE, GSTs and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase in B. longissima larvae.  相似文献   

木材表面非极性化原理的研究 Ⅱ.木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚过程中化学官能团和表面极性的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

阎昊鹏  秦特夫 《木材工业》1999,(6)

通过对杉木、杨木木材及其主要成分在与苯乙烯接枝共聚反应过程中化学官能团及临界表面张力变化的研究,探讨了木材各化学组成在接枝共聚过程中的反应性能和对木材表面极性的影响。研究表明:木材可与苯乙烯发生接枝共聚反应,反应只在木素和苯乙烯之间进行。木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚可降低木材临界表面张力,即降低木材表面自由能,从而有效地改善木材的极性。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地地表水化学特征及在人类活动影响下的变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

魏忠义 《干旱区资源与环境》1994,8(2):23-30

本文在阐述塔里木盆地地表水化学时空分布规律的基础上，分析近几十年由于人类活动对地表水化学变化的影响。特别是修建大型引水工程和大规模农垦对地表水化学特征有很大影响，其中变化最突出的是塔里木河和博斯腾湖。  相似文献   

Characterization of Elicitor-inducible Tobacco Genes Isolated by Differential Hybridization     

Daigo TAKEMOTO  Noriyuki DOKE  Kazuhito KAWAKITA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):89-96

Inducible responses in plants against pathogen attack play a major role in resistance to disease. The defense responses are mostly associated with the expression of various kinds of inducible genes. We employed differential hybridization to isolate elicitor-inducible genes (EIGs) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN) using the tobacco-fungal elicitor system. A cDNA library was constructed from tobacco leaves treated for 12 hr with hyphal wall components (HWC) prepared from Phytophthora infestans, and six EIGs were identified. Expression of all EIGs was induced after inoculation with the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (nonpathogenic on tobacco) or treatment with salicylic acid, and a variety of expression patterns of EIG mRNAs was observed. Sequence analysis of EIG cDNAs revealed similarities to genes for SAR8.2 (EIG-B39 and EIG-D14), glycine-rich protein (EIG-G7), extensin (EIG-I30), acyltransferase (EIG-I24) and unknown protein (EIG-J7). Possible roles of EIG products in disease resistance are discussed. Received 30 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 30 November 2000  相似文献   

Water Requirements of Safflower Entries in Middle Egypt     

A. F. Ibrahim    A. N. Sharaan  A. W. El Wakil   《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(3):170-175

Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE.  相似文献   

“协调型”小麦新品种的产量潜力及其构成的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谭飞泉  张怀琼  任正隆 《四川农业大学学报》2003,21(3):189-192,200

研究证明,小麦分蘖成穗与生态条件的关系存在着品种间的变异。按这个思路,成功地培育出了"协调型"系列小麦品种,它们不同于四川盆地其他品种:它们能在保持较大穗重的情况下有较高的成穗数。研究表明:与对照品种川麦28相比,"协调型"小麦新品种的产量潜力有所提高,产量构成也发生了较大的变化,单位面积的成穗数明显高于对照。协调型小麦新品种成穗数较高的原因,除了较强的分蘖能力外,主要在于它们有更高的分蘖成穗能力。协调型小麦新品种增产的主要原因是因为在较大穗重的情况下较高的成穗数使生物产量显著增加。"协调型"小麦新品种的选育为改变四川盆地小麦品种类型现状,提供了新的模式。  相似文献   

施氮肥对高羊茅种子质量和产量组成的影响   总被引：23，自引：7，他引：16  

马春晖  韩建国  张玲  程军  段黄金  杨忠良  董玉民  陈建新 《草业学报》2003,12(6):74-78

2000-2001年在新疆塔里木农垦大学牧草试验站进行了施氮肥对交战高羊茅种子质量和产量组成影响的研究。结果表明,施氮可以明显提高种子的活力和质量,并增加了单位面积的生殖枝数和小花数／小穗;施氮肥提高了种子产量,其中以秋季60kg／hm^2 春季120kg／hm^2施氮量为最好,种子产量可达1653．9kg／hm^2。  相似文献   

Voluntary intake of silages in dairy cows depending on chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Hetta  J.W. Cone  G. Bernes  A.-M. Gustavsson  K. Martinsson 《Livestock Science》2007,106(1):47-56

A study was conducted to investigate the possibilities to develop models for predicting the relative silage dry matter intake (SDMI) in dairy cows utilising information on chemical composition and in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics of silages. In five experiments, each with an average of 38 lactating dairy cows, SDMI was recorded for 15 grass silages made from primary growth and regrowth swards of timothy (Phleum pratense L.). The silages were characterised by chemical analysis and by utilising an automated in vitro GP recording technique with end point measurements of substrate residues. The silage samples were analysed both as dried and wet samples to evaluate the effects of sample preparation techniques on GP kinetics and their relations to SDMI. Relationships between feed variables and SDMI were investigated utilising simple linear and multiple regression. The wet silage samples had higher cumulative GP and different GP curves compared to the dried samples. The linear relationships between, GP variables, harvest number (first or second cut) of the grass, chemical characteristics of the silages and the relative SDMI show that the GP technique is a powerful tool to detect silage quality. By using the parameters from the dried samples the multiple regression analysis resulted in a relationship, relative SDMI (kg per 100 kg live weight (LW)) per day = 0.071 + 0.0029 × NDFD − 0.266 × C (R² = 0.82, S.D. = 0.06). NDFD is the degradability of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (g/kg NDF) and C is the variable that regulates the switching characteristics of the GP profiles. By using the wet silage samples the multiple relationship did not include any GP variable; relative SDMI (kg per 100 kg LW per day) = 1.86 − 0.008 × acetic acid (g/kg DM) + 0.024 × ethanol (g/kg DM) (R² = 0.62, S.D. = 0.08). The results from the regression analysis and the experience of the laborious sample preparation technique for wet samples, give the conclusion that dried silage samples are recommended for determining feed characteristics using the GP technique in intake studies.  相似文献   

施肥对沙打旺种子产量构成因素及种子产量的影响     

李蕾蕾  李聪  王永辰  苗丽宏 《中国草地学报》2007,29(6):64-68

在北京地区进行了不同肥料种类、施肥量、施肥时间及比例的试验结果显示,秋施80kg/hm^2 P2O5＋春施160kg/hm^2 P2O5处理的潜在种子产量和实际种子产量达到最高,分别为2470.95kg/hm^2和820.65kg/hm^2。与其它处理相比,其单株花穗数、花穗上的小花数、可育小花数和千粒重均有显著提高。  相似文献