4类干制食用菌风味成分的GC-MS分析     

刘璐  乔宇  廖李  高虹  史德芳  薛淑静  李露  段秀辉  程薇 《农产品加工．学刊》2014,(9)

采用热风干燥对新鲜白灵菇、双孢菇、香菇、杏鲍菇进行干制处理,利用顶空-固相微萃取技术分别对其挥发性成分进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术进行分析,结果表明干制白灵菇的挥发性成分主要为醛类化合物,相对含量为43.77%;干制双孢菇的挥发性成分主要为醇类化合物,相对含量为61.873%;干制香菇的挥发性成分主要为硫化物,相对含量为74.3%;干制杏鲍菇的挥发性成分主要为醛类化合物,相对含量为44.285%。  相似文献   

钾肥分期施用对棉花产量及构成因素影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

付小勤原保忠  张献龙聂以春 刘燕柯昌煌  叶圣池 《中国农学通报》2014,30(18):95-103

为研究棉花需钾规律,找出合理的施钾方法,以‘华杂棉H318’为试验材料,大田研究了钾肥施用时期和比率对棉花产量及构成因素的影响,以及棉花在移栽期,初花期,盛花期3个时期对钾肥的需求规律。大田试验3个钾肥施用时期分别为A（基肥）、B（初花肥）、C（盛花肥）;各实验处理钾肥分两次施入,3个施钾时期组合(T)分别是AB（基肥和初花肥）、AC（基肥和盛花肥）、BC（初花肥和盛花肥）;两次钾肥施用量之比(R)有4种,分别是2:1、1:1、1:2、1:3。试验结果表明,钾肥初花期和盛花期追施（BC处理）可提高棉花子指和单株结铃数。钾肥基施时,初花期追施（AB处理）比盛花期追施（AC处理）更有利于提高单铃重、果枝数以及整体衣分。钾肥基施和盛花期追施（AC处理）产量构成因素的大小在各处理间居中,但籽棉产量却是最高。当钾肥施入比率为1:2时,可提高子指、衣分、单株结铃数、果枝数和籽棉重。所以,棉花在移栽期对钾肥需求量较少,但钾肥是移栽期必不可少的肥料,初花期和盛花期是钾肥需求量最大的时期,也是生殖生长的高峰期,对提高棉花产量具有决定作用。钾肥分两次施入,钾肥基施和盛花期追施效果较佳;适当加大盛花期钾肥施入比率（即A1C2处理）,对棉花生长和发育的效果最佳,对提高产量具有重要意义。  相似文献   

海棠果实功能性成分与高含量资源筛选   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

盖瑞  玄艳艳  陈学森  吴树敬  沈向 《中国农学通报》2014,30(31):205-209

海棠果富含糖酸、维生素、单宁等多种功能性成分,在功能食品的开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究选取了48个杂交海棠株系的果实,对其果实主要的外观性状和功能性成分：可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、维生素C和单宁含量进行测定。根据其综合性状的表现,分别筛选出功能性成分含量较高、外观品质较好的优系。结果表明：海棠果实内功能性成分含量均显著高于苹果内的含量,其中海棠内可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、维生素和单宁含量最高可分别达到苹果的1.86、2.23、6.72、33.4倍。所筛选出的海棠优系不仅可以作为与苹果杂交的亲本,改善苹果的营养和口味,同时还对育种工作者培育综合农艺性状的优良品种、拓宽海棠种质资源具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

连续多年秸秆还田对土壤理化性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘宇庆  刘燕  杨晓东  陈静  李文西 《农学学报》2014,4(12):52-55

为研究传统耕作方式下连续秸秆全量还田对土壤理化性状的影响,通过对8 年田间定位试验的大田土壤研究常规施肥和秸秆全量还田2 种处理对土壤密度、孔隙度和土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾的影响。结果表明,秸秆全量还田不仅能改善土壤物理性状,还能显著提高土壤的养分状况,相比对照土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾分别提高了6.7g/kg、2.6 mg/kg、33.1 mg/kg,对耕地质量管理和提升具有积极意义。  相似文献   

烘焙温度对九龙袍品种乌龙茶生化品质的影响     

钟秋生  林郑和  陈常颂  陈志辉  游小妹  陈荣冰 《茶叶科学》2014,34(1):9-12

采用九龙袍品种颗粒型乌龙茶的毛茶样为材料,在120℃（高火）、100℃（中火）和80℃（低火）3个温度下分别烘焙2βh,分析比较了不同烘焙温度对颗粒型乌龙茶感官品质、主要理化成分及挥发性成分的影响。感官审评结果表明,低温烘焙（80℃）茶样的感官审评得分最高,且香气和滋味最好;化学成分分析表明,水浸出物和氨基酸总量随着烘焙温度的升高呈现明显的降低趋势,而儿茶素总量、咖啡碱、黄酮化合物等随着温度的升高变化不显著;此外,茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸等氨基酸成分随着烘焙温度的升高而降低,而EGC、C等儿茶素成分含量随着烘焙温度的升高而升高;挥发性成分分析表明,随着烘焙温度的升高,醇类、酮类、酯类物质以及含氮化合物的相对含量均呈现降低趋势,碳氢化合物含量呈现上升的趋势;具有清新花香的挥发性成分（如β-芳樟醇及其氧化物、橙花叔醇、己酸叶醇酯、异戊酸己酯、β-丁酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸己酯、茉莉酸甲酯、己酸己酯、α-紫罗酮、香叶基丙酮、顺-茉莉酮、吲哚等）的相对含量随烘焙温度的升高而降低,而碳氢化合物成分（如β-月桂烯、柠檬烯、5-甲基-辛-1,3-二烯、2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,6-庚三烯、β-倍半水芹烯、十二烷等）以及含氮化合物（如苯乙腈等）相对含量随着烘焙温度的升高呈现大量增加的趋势。  相似文献   

香荚兰籽中挥发性成分分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王海茹  初众  徐飞  张彦军  姚晶 《保鲜与加工》2018,18(5):142-148

采用固相微萃取-气质色谱-质谱联用技术,以萃取挥发性成分种类数和萃取量Y值大小作为衡量萃取效果指标优化萃取条件,测定分析香荚兰籽中挥发性成分的组成,通过峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对含量,并结合测定相关物质的保留指数(Retention index,RI)值进行定性分析。结果表明,利用75μm碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取纤维头,样品量1.0 g,萃取温度80℃,萃取时间20 min,解析时间8 min时,萃取效果最佳,香荚兰籽中含有48种挥发性成分,相对含量为90.44%。其主要挥发性成分为香草醛、邻甲氧基苯酚、苯酚和呋喃甲醛,相对含量分别为80.22%、1.61%、1.23%和1.00%。  相似文献   

Phosphorus,Potassium and Sulfur Interactions in Soybean Plants on a Typic Hapludox     

A. Moreira  L. A. C. Moraes  L. G. Moretti  G. S. Aquino 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(4):405-415

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) has the largest acreage in Brazil where nutrients are provided to crops by formulated fertilizers, which is the most usual method. Under tropical and subtropical conditions, most of the nutrients required by soybean crops are phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), while sulfur (S) is applied in smaller amounts. The P, K, and S interactions under greenhouse conditions using completely randomized blocks in a factorial 3 × 3 × 3 arrangement were evaluated. The treatments were as follows: three P rates (0, 75, and 150 mg P kg^?1); three K rates (0, 150, and 300 mg K kg^?1); and three S rates (0, 50, and 100 mg S kg^?1). The P, K, and S application had a significant influence on the shoot dry weight (SDW) and number of pods per pot (NPP) in contrast with the increase in grain yield (GY) that had positive relationship with K and S rates. These results indicated that both nutrients were the most limiting to GY. In soil and leaves, only the P, K, and S concentrations were modified by the treatments (P, K, and S), but in the grains there was synergism of P rates with Mg concentration unlike K rates with Ca concentration. Physiological components as photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency of water use, and chlorophyll had influence from P and K rates.  相似文献   

Comparative Efficiency of Nitrogen Sources for Lowland Rice Production     

N. K. Fageria 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(5):515-525

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for more than 50% world population and nitrogen (N) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients for rice production worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of three N sources for lowland rice production. The N sources used were ammonium sulfate, common urea, and polymer-coated urea. There were three N rates, i.e. 100, 200, and 400 mg N kg^?1 applied with three sources plus one control treatment (0 mg N kg^?1). Growth, yield, and yield components were significantly increased either in a linear or quadratic fashion with the addition of N fertilizers in the range of 0–400 mg kg^?1 soil. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the addition of ammonium sulfate at 100, 200, and 400 mg kg^?1 of soil. Common urea and polymer-coated urea were more or less similar in grain production at 100 and 200 mg N kg^?1. However, at 400 mg N kg^?1 treatments, polymer-coated urea produced the lowest grain yield. Most of the growth and yield components were positively related to grain yield, except spikelet sterility which was negatively related to grain yield. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing N rate in all the three N sources. Maximum N use efficiency was obtained with the addition of ammonium sulfate at lower as well as at higher N rates compared with other two N sources.  相似文献   

Organ-specific allocation pattern of acquired phosphorus and dry matter in two rice genotypes with contrasting tolerance to phosphorus deficiency     

D. M. S. B. Dissanayaka  Sho Nishida  Keitaro Tawaraya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(3):282-290

ABSTRACT

Our earlier study demonstrated that the landrace of Japonica rice, Akamai exhibits low-P (phosphorous) tolerance mechanisms compared to the conventional type cultivar, Koshihikari. The present study examined the genotypic difference of yield, plasticity of root growth, and internal utilization of acquired P (allocation pattern of biomass and P among different vegetative and reproductive organs) of two contrasting cultivars in response to P-deficiency. Each cultivar was grown until maturity with (+P) and without (–P) P supply in pots (two plants per pot) filled with 15 kg of Regosol soil. Grain yield and yield components were determined along with biomass and P accumulation in different vegetative and reproductive organs. To assess the plasticity of root growth, the soil column in the pot was divided into two equal portions (upper and lower soil layers) in which the root dry weight and length were measured separately. Among the investigated yield components, the number of filled grains per panicle was the key parameter determining genotypic differences of grain yield of two cultivars. P-deficiency had a marked influence on grain filling of Koshihikari where the filled grain percentage under –P condition was reduced by 29% compared to that under +P condition. However, the respective reduction for Akamai was only 11%. Low-P tolerance ability of Akamai imparts a yield advantage over Koshihikari under P-deficient conditions because of the production of the higher number of filled grains per panicle. Akamai explored both upper and lower soil layers of the pot more efficiently in search of P through greater root biomass and length. Akamai grown under P-deficient conditions had remarkably lower P concentrations in less active vegetative tissues (partly and fully senesced leaves) than those of Koshihikari; whereas, more active organs (green leaves and panicles) contained a greater amount of P. Akamai’s higher plasticity to external P availability can be a genetic resource for developing low-P tolerant, high-yielding rice genotypes suitable for predicted future P-limited environments.  相似文献   

Nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves subtending cotton bolls,fibers and embryos in response to nitrogen stress     

Feiyu Tang  Li Chen  Deyi Shao  Tao Wang  Meiliang Zhang 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(6):763-775

A field study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 where cotton was exposed to three N regimes: (1) the control without N application (low N); (2) 260 kg N ha^?1 (medium N); (3) 520 kg N ha^?1 (high N). Boll size, lint mass per boll, seed mass per boll, fiber length and strength were significantly decreased under N deprivation in the two years. The increased carbohydrate levels of LSCB (leaf subtending the cotton boll) led to decreased carbohydrate levels of fibers in the low N relative to the other N treatments. The low N embryos exhibited lower starch concentrations at 17 and 31 DPA (days post anthesis), and TNC (total nonstructural carbohydrate) concentrations at 17, 31, 45 and 52 DPA compared to medium N embryos. Starch levels in LSCB had negative associations with those in fibers at 17, 31 and 45 DPA, but positive associations with those in embryos at 24 and 45 DPA. Fibers expressed negative associations with embryos in glucose level at 24 and 38 DPA, and in TNC levels at 17 and 45 DPA. The study suggests that carbon assimilate levels in fibers and embryos could explain the difference in boll yield components and fiber quality.  相似文献