用γ射线和叠氮化钠诱变的玉米愈伤组织筛选耐旱和雄性不育材料   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

付凤玲  李晚忱  荣廷昭  潘光堂  谭登峰 《核农学报》2005,19(5):356-359,374

用60Coγ射线和叠氮化钠(NaN3)处理玉米愈伤组织,在含1.0%NaCl的高渗培养基上筛选,对再生植株株系进行耐旱性鉴定。结果表明,20 Gy的辐射和1 mmol/L NaN3是较为适合玉米愈伤组织诱变的处理组配。22个再生植株株系中,有5个诱变株系的耐旱性高于未诱变对照,其中1个株系的耐旱性与耐旱自交系“81565”接近。此外,从M1代株系中发现了1个雄性不育株,鉴定为细胞核隐性单基因控制的孢子体雄性不育。  相似文献   

我国中亚热带缓丘区红粘土红壤肥力的演化Ⅱ.化学和生物学肥力的演化   总被引：40，自引：4，他引：40  

孙波  张桃林  赵其国 《土壤学报》1999,36(2):203-217

本文着重探讨红粘土红壤化学和生物学肥力在利用过程中的演化特征,并通过聚类分析筛选出评价红壤化学和化学肥力演化的指标,并进行了相应的评价。结果表明：红粘土红壤的要草地及荒地系统由于长期受侵淋溶等退化过程的影响,土壤养分水平已跌至“保底”值．垦殖利用后,其化学肥力随着耕垦熟化过程不断提高,表现为土壤中各种速效养分及交换性Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含量均增加,而交换性Ａ１含量降低。同样,林草地系统红粘土红壤的生长学肥力  相似文献   

Inheritance of trichome density in Ethiopian mustard leaves     

Leonardo Velasco  José M. Fernández-Martínez  Antonio De Haro 《Euphytica》2001,117(3):241-244

A pubescent mutant of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun), N2-9531, was developed from the glabrous line C-101. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of trichome density in this mutant. Plants of N2-9531 and C-101 were reciprocally crossed and F₁, F₂, and BC₁F₁ generations were analysed for trichome density. The average trichome density differed in the reciprocal F₁ and F₂ generations, indicating partial cytoplasmic effects. The trichome density of F₁ plants was lower than the midparent value, revealing a partial dominance of absence over high trichome density. Segregation in the F₂ and BC₁F₁ generations approximated 1:4:6:4:1 and 1:2:1 ratios, respectively indicating that two independent loci (H ₁ and H ₂) acting in an additive manner contributed equally to the expression of trichome density. The proposed genotypes were h ₁ h ₁ h ₂ h ₂ for N2-9531 and H ₁ H ₁ H ₂ H ₂ for C-101. The simple inheritance of this trait should facilitate the transfer of leaf pubescence to other Ethiopian mustard lines. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Pear mutagenesis: In vitro treatment with gamma-rays and field selection for vegetative form traits   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S. Predieri  M. Magli  R.H. Zimmerman 《Euphytica》1997,93(2):227-237

In vitro shoots of four pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, 'Conference', 'Doyenné d'Hiver', 'Passe Crassane' and 'Bartlett', were irradiated with gamma rays (3.5 Gy). Around 1000 microcuttings of each cultivar were treated. After three subcultures, microcuttings from both the irradiated shoots and additional non-irradiated shoots were rooted; plants obtained were used to establish a survey orchard in Ostellato (Ferrara), Italy. For the first 2 years in the field, growth and survival were observed, but no data were collected. Subsequently, field surveys were conducted to characterize the population and identify mutants for vegetative traits. Trees that showed phenotypic evidence of vegetative growth characteristics more desirable than those shown by the overall population and by control plants were selected and measured for three years. Traits used for selection were small tree size, wide branch angle and short internodes. Frequencies of variants with compact habit varied with cultivars from 0.5% to 2.7% of irradiated trees. Effect of mutagenic treatment and efficacy of the selection methods are discussed.  相似文献   

短序与阔叶十大功劳化学组分及小檗碱含量的FTIR比较研究     

孔德鑫  黄庶识  王满莲  邹蓉  唐辉  蒋海英 《广西农业生物科学》2011,30(2):224-228

为快速评价短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位化学成分差异,本研究运用FTIR采集短序和阔叶十大功劳不同部位的红外光谱并比较短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位盐酸小檗碱含量差异。研究结果显示,生物碱、黄酮和丁香酯等化学成分,短序十大功劳根、茎及叶片中均较阔叶十大功劳丰富,但是,多糖和苷类含量在两种十大功劳根中相当,在茎和叶片中均以阔叶十大功劳含量高,尤其是叶片中这种差异更明显。最后,与盐酸小檗碱标准品比较发现,2种十大功劳中盐酸小檗碱含量均以茎中最高,叶片中含量最低;2种十大功劳比较各部位盐酸小檗碱含量均以短序十大功劳中高。故运用FTIR技术可以快速找出2种十大功劳化学成分的差异,本研究结果将为十大功劳属植物资源合理开发利用及良种选育提供参考。  相似文献   

甘蓝型化学杀雄杂交油菜品种秦优33种子纯度的SSR鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王爱娜  王灏  赵亚军  李殿荣  田建华  罗斌  赵卫国  李保军  王晓东 《农业生物技术学报》2011,19(6)

为了准确、稳定、高效的鉴定杂交油菜纯度,本研究在简单重复序列(SSR)琼脂糖电泳高效标准分析技术体系基础上,通过对479对引物筛选,获得扩增效果好、条带清晰稳定、可将化学杀雄杂交油菜品种秦优33及其亲本系三者皆可有效区别的SSR引物3对.利用其中的SA332引物对三者的高纯单株分别进行了单株验证,结果表明,三者的SSR单株图谱表现与各自的标准图谱的一致性对应率极高,分别达到了98％、99.33％和96.67％.同时利用SA332和SA85两对引物对秦优33生产商品种种子进行了实用化检测,并和大田形态结果进行了一一定株吻合率比对,结果显示,两对引物与大田的单株吻合率皆能达到96％以上,最高可达98.67％;两引物之间在两样品上的一致性偏差比较仅为0.67％和2.67％; 150株室内较小检验群体和大田300株以上较大考察群体的纯度偏差仅为-2.19％到3.76％.研究结果表明,室内SSR的鉴定结果和大田种子纯度的实际表现基本一致,可用于油菜杂种纯度的鉴定.  相似文献   

中国橡胶种植生命周期评价研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐杰峰  王小文  王乐力  王伯铎  林积泉  宋超山 《中国生态农业学报》2011,19(1):172-180

应用生命周期评价方法, 以我国橡胶种植为例, 把橡胶种植生命周期划分为原料、农资化、橡胶种植、运输等4 个阶段, 考虑了全球变暖(GWP)、环境酸化(AP)、水体富营养化(EP)、光化学烟雾形成(POCP)、人体健康损害(HTP)、不可更新资源消耗(ADP)等6 类潜在影响, 对得到1 kg 橡胶(以干胶计)的潜在环境影响进行了分析评价。结果表明, 我国橡胶种植的各类影响排序为AP>EP>GWP>HTP>POCP>ADP, 其影响指数分别为1.76E-12、4.31E-13、1.37E-13、1.96E-15、9.69E-18、4.88E-19, 单一环境影响指数为4.32E-13。减少化肥施用量、提高施肥有效率是控制整个橡胶种植潜在影响大小的关键, 其在有效降低上游直接生产能耗及其相应排放和下游损失量的基础上, 可有效降低我国橡胶种植的潜在环境影响。  相似文献   

新疆小麦族野生资源的抗蚜性鉴定   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

马盾  陆峻  范兆田 《西北农业学报》1994,3(3):7-10

对小麦族的42个种(变种),123份材料接种麦长管蚜和麦二叉蚜,鉴定抗蚜水平,并对高抗高感材料叶片进行超微结构观察和化学成分分析.结果表明,新麦草、卡端赖草、偃麦草、窄颖赖草对两种蚜虫均表现高抗,可做育种亲本.  相似文献   

Developed microbial biofilms can restore deteriorated conventional agricultural soils     

G. Seneviratne  A.P.D.A. Jayasekara  U.P. Abeysekera 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(5):1059-1062

Nitrogen fixing bacteria play a key role in the growth and persistence of effective microbial communities in the soil by supplying N through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In the long run, chemical inputs, particularly N fertilisers are known to adversely affect N₂ fixers and hence maintenance of soil fertility and crop productivity. This study examined the effect of developed microbial biofilms with N₂ fixers on restoration of soils deteriorated by conventional agricultural practices in tea cultivation. Just reducing recommended chemical fertiliser use by 50% significantly increased soil microbial biomass and BNF, and decreased soil NO₃⁻ and pest infestation. The lower chemical fertiliser addition coupled with the biofilm-based biofertilisers known as biofilmed biofertilisers (BFBFs) further increased BNF significantly. The combined application significantly increased soil organic C by ca. 20%, and reduced leaf transpiration by ca. 40%. It also supported plant growth, rhizoremediation and soil moisture conservation in comparison to the 100% chemical fertilisation. Those improved performances were observed to be proportional to the increased density of soil bacteria, and have several agronomic and environmental implications. It is apparent from this study that replenishing the depleted soil microbial communities by applying such biofertilisers is likely to be beneficial in agroecosystems with chemical N fertiliser use, if they are to be sustained for crop production.  相似文献   

多氯联苯在紫花苜蓿体内的积累、分布及形态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙向辉  滕应  骆永明  涂晨  李振高 《土壤》2011,43(4):595-599

以紫花苜蓿为材料,研究了多氯联苯(PCBs)在植物根、根瘤、地上部中的积累、分布及存在形态.结果表明,PCBs在紫花苜蓿根、根瘤和茎叶部均有不同程度的积累,其含量为根瘤＞根＞茎叶,而积累量则表现为根＞茎叶＞根瘤,其差异均达极显著水平(p＜0.01),根系表现为主要富集部位.化学连续提取法结果表明,紫花苜蓿根中PCBs可...  相似文献