野油菜黄单胞菌6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因的初步分析     

谭旖宁  马增凤  陆光涛  唐纪良 《广西农业生物科学》2007,26(3):190-195

野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜变种是发酵工业生产黄原胶的菌种,对该菌8004菌株全基因组序列进行分析,发现基因组中有两个编码6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的基因,编号分别为XC1977和XC4082,同源性分析显示这两个基因演绎的氨基酸序列只有36.3%的相似性。为了解这两个基因的功能,采用自杀质粒pK18 mob对XC1977和XC4082分别进行诱变,构建这两个基因的非极性突变体,对突变体表型初步分析,发现XC1977和XC4082分别突变后不影响细胞的生长繁殖,但对胞外多糖产量的影响则不相同,XC1977突变使胞外多糖产量降低56.3%,而XC4082突变基本不影响胞外多糖产量,表明8004菌株的两个zwf基因在细胞中的功能不同,XC1977与细胞的胞外多糖合成产量有关。  相似文献   

Influence of cropping on the content,composition and dynamics of organic residue in the soil of the plough layer     

A. Kanal  R. Kõlli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,23(2):153-160

Organic residue (OR) forms the undecomposed part of soil organic matter (SOM). The majority of it originates from plant remains, but to a certain extent it may also be derived from manure and from the remains of heterotrophic soil organisms. The OR content and dynamics are influenced by management practices (crop rotation, tillage, manuring). The main objective of this work was to study the effect of cropping on the content, fractional composition (coarse and fine fragments) and annual turnover of nonhumified SOM or OR in arable Podzoluvisol in the conditions of south Estonia and to evaluate the role of OR in the humus status of soil. Using the soil-coring method, the OR content and composition and underground phytomass (UGP) as a source of OR in the plough layer were studied. The soil cores (252) were taken during 1991–1992 from three long-term field trials cropped with wheat, barley, rye, potatoes and short-term clover-grass mixtures. The sample plots selected from field trials were tilled conventionally and fertilized according to normal Estonian soil management practice (with a mean rate of N₈₀P₂₃K₄₀ kg ha^-1 year^-1). The average OR content in arable soil ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 g ash-free dry matter (DM_af) kg^-1 soil. The greatest amount of UGP (2.85 g DM_af kg^-1), as a source of OR in soil, was estimated for the 2-year clovergrass mixture. Soil organic carbon accumulated in the composition of OR forms 5.7% of the total organic carbon pool of the plough layer. In regular cropping systems the OR content and pool seem to fluctuate within limits determined by the pedoecological conditions of the soil.  相似文献   

温度及种源对青钱柳多糖含量的影响     

粟君  方升佐  李彦 《林业科技开发》2011,25(2):52-55

探讨了不同温度对3个青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)种源1年生苗木根、茎和叶中多糖含量的影响。结果表明:不同温度对青钱柳根部多糖的含量影响极显著(p<0.01),而对茎叶中多糖的含量影响不显著。在不同的温度条件下,青钱柳苗根部多糖平均含量分别为2.39%、2.15%和0.87%。不同种源对青钱柳叶片多糖的含量影响不显著。不同器官青钱柳多糖含量有差异性,以根的含量为最高,茎次之,叶的含量最低。  相似文献   

How well does a log decay-class system capture the ecology of decomposition? - A case-study from Tasmanian Eucalyptus obliqua forest     

Simon J. Grove  Lee StammTimothy J. Wardlaw 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(4):692-700

The use of decay-class systems in characterising the state of decomposition of a forest’s complement of rotting logs is widespread. While most systems are based on an assessment of logs’ external characteristics, there is an implicit assumption that doing so captures important information on the underlying processes of internal decomposition. However, the validity of this remains largely untested. We explored the relationship between decay-class and internal state of decomposition in logs of Eucalyptus obliqua in the lowland wet eucalypt forests of Southern Tasmania, Australia. We examined rotten-wood samples from a large population of logs across a wide range of diameters. From this we determined that smaller-diameter (<60 cm: regrowth-sized) logs differ from larger-diameter (>60 cm: mature-sized) logs in their pathways of internal decomposition. Decomposition in regrowth-sized logs is characterised by greater activity of surface rots, with white rot-types predominating. Decomposition in mature-sized logs is more concentrated in the interior of the log, with brown rot-types tending to dominate. These differences probably both reflect and help shape the communities of organisms inhabiting logs of different origins. Despite these differences, regrowth and mature-sized logs show the same general progression of internal decomposition across the five decay-classes, to the extent that each class represents logs that have lost a predictable proportion of their original mass. We conclude that a decay-class system that is restricted to a single dimension, such as the five-class system used for E. obliqua, will be quite able to capture the main trajectory of biomass loss, but will not be able to characterise the complexity of the ecological processes giving rise to this loss. Studies that employ single-dimension decay classes, and which aggregate decay-class data across logs, can be given added ecological meaning by first partitioning logs into diameter-classes that reflect the underlying differences in the maturity of the trees giving rise to the logs. For E. obliqua logs, a cut-off diameter of 60 cm offers an appropriate distinction between regrowth-aged and mature-aged trees.  相似文献   

Legacies from natural forest dynamics: Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forests     

Jogeir N. Stokland  Karl-Henrik Larsson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(11):1707-1721

The species composition of wood-inhabiting fungi (polypores and corticoids) was investigated on 1138 spruce logs and 992 pine logs in 90 managed and 34 natural or near-natural spruce and pine forests in SE Norway.Altogether, the study included 290 species of wood-inhabiting fungi. Comparisons of logs with similar properties (standardized tree species, decay class, dimension class) in natural and managed forests showed a significant reduction in species number per log in managed spruce forests, but not in managed pine forests. The species number per log in managed spruce forests was 10-55% lower than on logs from natural spruce forests. The reduction was strongest on logs of large dimensions. A comparison of 200-400 spruce logs from natural and managed forests showed a 25% reduction in species richness corresponding to a conservative loss of ca. 40 species on a regional scale.A closer inspection revealed that species confined to medium and very decayed spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests, whereas species on early decay classes and decay generalists were unaffected. Similarly, species preferring large spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests. Forest management had strongest impact on low-frequent species in the spruce forests (more than 50% reduction), whereas common species were modestly affected. Corticoid fungi were more adversely affected than polypore fungi.These results indicate that wood-decaying fungi in pine forests are more adapted to forest disturbances than spruce-associated species. Management measures securing a continuous supply of dead wood are more important in spruce forests than in pine forests.  相似文献   

Conservation-oriented forestry and early successional saproxylic beetles: Responses of functional groups to manipulated dead wood substrates     

H. Gibb  R.B. Pettersson  J. Hilszczański  J.P. Ball  O. Atlegrim 《Biological conservation》2006,129(4):437-450

New conservation-oriented forestry aims to maintain intact populations of forest organisms by improving the conservation value of managed forests and providing protected areas. We tested the conservation value of treatments of dead wood for assemblages of early successional saproxylic beetles. In nine areas in northern Sweden, we selected one clear-cut, one mature managed forest and one reserve. In 2001-2002, we placed three blocks of spruce logs, each containing control, burned and shaded logs and a high stump (“snag”) at each site. Saproxylic beetles emerging from the dead wood were collected using emergence traps and beetles flying close to it were collected using flight-intercept traps. After one year of exposure, assemblage composition was examined, with respect to nutritionally-defined functional groups, red-listed species and fire-favoured species. Experimental snags were most complementary to control logs, supporting different assemblages of cambium consumers and fungivores and supporting more red-listed individuals. Burned logs supported depauperate assemblages, particularly with respect to cambium consumers, while shading of logs affected assemblages of fungivores, but only on clear-cuts. Despite containing less dead wood, managed forests provided valuable habitat, supporting similar assemblages of saproxylic beetles to reserves. Most functional groups were less abundant on clear-cuts than in older forests, but fire-favoured species were more common on clear-cuts, suggesting that clear-cuts may support assemblages of species associated with natural disturbances, if suitable substrates are available. Utilization of logs by saproxylic beetles changes over time, so long-term monitoring of our experimental logs will determine their lifetime conservation value.  相似文献   

Density loss and respiration rates in coarse woody debris of Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus regnans and Eucalyptus maculata     

Jens Mackensen  Jürgen Bauhus 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(1):177-186

This study compared field and laboratory decomposition rates of coarse woody debris (CWD) (>10 cm diameter) from three tree species: Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus regnans, and Eucalyptus maculata. For this purpose, the density loss of logs on the ground sampled from chronosequences of sites following harvesting was determined using the water replacement technique. P. radiata logs were sampled 1, 2.5, 6, and 9 years following harvesting, and logs of E. regnans and E. maculata were collected from sites that were harvested 1, 3.5, 6.5, and 12 and 1.5, 6.5, and 11.5 years ago, respectively. In addition, the C/N ratio of wood was determined and current respiration rates of logs from these different age classes were measured through laboratory incubation. The times for loss of 95% of material (t_0.95) determined from density loss for these species were 24 years for P. radiata, 43 years for E. regnans, and 62 years for E. maculata. The decomposition rates of CWD derived from laboratory respiration were 6.1, 5.9 and 11.9 times higher than the decay rates from density loss in P. radiata, E. regnans, and E. maculata, respectively. This points to severe constraints of decomposition through adverse conditions in the field. The changes in respiration rates and C/N ratio with age of decaying logs indicated that the single component, negative exponential decay model could be applied satisfactorily only to P. radiata. In the case of the eucalypt species, substrate quality (expressed through respiration rates) declined in the oldest samples. This may be explained by the loss of rapidly decomposing sapwood and the retention of more decay-resistant heartwood. In these cases, a two-component model will be more suitable to describe the density loss of decaying wood.  相似文献   

金针菇多糖提取条件的优化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

冯昆  张东杰  张涧铮  杨莹 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2005,17(5):73-76

采用热水浸提法,探讨浸提时间、温度、固液比以及浸提次数等因素对金针菇多糖提取率的影响,通过正交实验得到金针菇多糖的优化浸提条件：95 ℃、固液比为1：30、浸提3 h、浸提2次,提取率达1.54%.5%三氯乙酸正丁醇及氯仿正丁醇溶液（5：1）纯化多糖.  相似文献   

杏鲍菇多糖对鸡群免疫功能调节的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

迟桂荣 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(15):4536-4536,4566

为了验证杏鲍菇多糖对鸡群机体免疫功能的调节作用,通过检测注射免疫新城疫疫苗后鸡群的抗体水平和红细胞免疫黏附力,研究杏鲍菇多糖对鸡群免疫功能调节的影响。结果表明:鸡群在口服杏鲍菇多糖后,免疫新城疫疫苗抗体水平和红细胞免疫黏附力比对照组有明显的提高,说明杏鲍菇多糖具有提高鸡群免疫的功能。  相似文献   

梁金菇多糖诱导白血病细胞株HL-60凋亡的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张星星  杨大雷  李兴玉  王镜 《湛江医学院学报》2001,19(5):327-328

目的：观察梁金菇多糖对自血病细胞株HL-60凋亡的影响。方法：HL-60细胞与不同浓度的梁金菇多糖共同孵育5d后，采用荧光显微镜与透射电镜观察细胞形态及结构、DNA凝胶电泳观察“阶梯状”条带、流式细胞仪测定凋亡率。结果：细胞出现核碎裂、核溶解，凋亡小体形成等典型的凋亡形态学变化。结论；梁金菇多糖能诱导HL-60细胞发生典型凋亡。  相似文献