人参/西洋参枯叶病缓解实验     

杜立财  郝洪孔  张丹丹  杨玉莹  苏德悦  宋明海  任广勇  邓士龙  姜俊峰  王贺 《人参研究》2020,32(1):58-61

通过各供试药剂在西洋参枯叶病上的使用,验证各供试药剂对西洋参枯叶病的缓解作用。结果表明,参多乐450倍液+益微450倍液对西洋参枯叶病缓解效果突出,在一定程度上解决了枯叶病给西洋参带来的危害。且该配方在人参上同样适用。  相似文献   

光伏板对吐鲁番‘无核白’葡萄叶幕微气候、叶片质量及果实品质的影响     

董凯向  贾舟楫  高展  褚佳瑶  周龙  方海龙 《中国果树》2020,(1):48-52

以吐鲁番7年生‘无核白’为试验材料,研究不同密度光伏板对‘无核白’叶幕微气候、叶片质量以及果实品质的影响,旨在找到合适的光伏板密度,为葡光互补新型栽培模式的推广提供科学依据。结果表明:随着光伏板密度的增大,叶幕空气温度降低,空气相对湿度增大,光照强度显著降低。‘无核白’葡萄叶片质量、果实品质随着光伏板密度的增大呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,中度遮阴条件下,‘无核白’叶片的纵、横径,叶绿素含量和果实中可溶性固形物含量均表现最佳。在吐鲁番地区采用光伏板遮阴对‘无核白’葡萄叶幕微气候有显著影响,适度遮阴有利于缓解夏季高温强光对葡萄生长发育的危害,但过度遮阴会产生负面影响。在吐鲁番地区推广葡光互补栽培模式时,建议选择光伏板的间隔为1.0 m。  相似文献   

不同光源对4种蔬菜幼苗叶绿素荧光及生理指标的影响     

李符  史艳艳  米国全  牛莉莉  唐艳领  孙天梅  王晋华  李志刚  王文博 《蔬菜》2020,(8):13-19

为了解不同光源或光源组合对茄子、辣椒、番茄、黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光及生理指标的影响,在4种基本光源的基础上,比较了不同光源处理下不同蔬菜植株叶片的叶绿素荧光参数、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量。结果表明:红蓝光源不利于4种蔬菜幼苗叶片光合色素的形成,茄子、辣椒、番茄和黄瓜叶片中的光合色素含量分别在2白4红2黄、3白3红2黄、8黄或8红、8白光源下最高;茄子和番茄幼苗叶片在红蓝光源下,辣椒和黄瓜在3白3红2黄光源下,最大光化学效率和实际光化学效率都最大;茄子和辣椒幼苗在红蓝光源下所受非生物胁迫最小,叶片中可溶性蛋白含量最低,而番茄和黄瓜分别在3白3红2黄和8白光源下的可溶性蛋白含量最低;红蓝光源可明显增加4种蔬菜幼苗叶片的可溶性糖含量,对幼苗的形态建成有积极的影响。在冬春季蔬菜育苗生产中,可根据不同光源优势为不同种类蔬菜组配光源,以促进幼苗生长发育。  相似文献   

Identification of potential candidate genes controlling pea aphid tolerance in a Pisum fulvum high‐density integrated DArTseq SNP‐based genetic map     

Eleonora Barilli  Estefanía Carrillo‐Perdomo  Maria Jos Cobos  Andrzej Kilian  Jason Carling  Diego Rubiales 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1731-1742

  相似文献   

Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture     

Louise Mc Namara  Kevin Gauthier  Lael Walsh  Gaël Thbaud  Michael Gaffney  Emmanuel Jacquot 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2276-2285

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

金刚砂辅助农杆菌进行玉米基因转化研究     

储坤  聂小熊  冯华鲒  韩桂丽  梁雪莲 《玉米科学》2020,28(5):47-52

对超声波处理方式进行改进,在超声波处理时,加入金刚砂以辅助EPSPS基因转导到玉米幼胚中。结果表明,800粒处理种子播种出苗93株,玉米苗经大田glyphosate筛选有27株具有抗性,进行PCR电泳检测,显示23株阳性,初步证明EPSPS基因已经转化到玉米植株中,转化率为29%。金刚砂辅助处理玉米基因转化具有可行性,利于生产实际操作。  相似文献   

2019年美国玉米高产竞赛简报   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘小丹  杜妍  任军  代玉仙  于明彦  李淑华  徐国良  才卓 《玉米科学》2020,28(4):56-60

介绍2019年美国玉米高产竞赛情况和竞赛结果,分析全美优胜者的分布区域、选用种子品牌及信息,进而分析玉米高产原因,从而提出美国玉米高产竞赛对我国玉米生产的启示和建议。  相似文献   

中国板栗238份品种（系）叶片形态、解剖结构及其抗旱性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭燕  张树航  李颖  张馨方  王广鹏 《园艺学报》2020,47(6):1033-1046

采用多功能图像分析法、冷冻切片法和指甲油印记法,对238份板栗品种（系）叶片的形态、解剖结构及气孔特征进行了观察测量,运用变异系数、主成分分析对33项指标进行了筛选,后运用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：（1）238份板栗品种（系）33项指标中除上表皮角质层厚度、上表皮细胞宽度、第一层栅栏组织细胞密度、第一层栅栏组织细胞宽、下表皮细胞宽度和下表皮角质层厚等6项指标的变异系数小于10%,各品种系（间）差异较小外,其余27项指标的变异系数均大于10%,在各品种（系）间差异较大;经主成分分析从27项指标中筛选出10项作为238份板栗品种（系）抗旱性综合评价的典型指标。（2）利用隶属函数分析将238份品种（系）划分为4类：第Ⅰ类包括31个品种（系）,平均隶属值为0.60 ~ 0.80,抗旱性极强;第Ⅱ类包括48个品种（系）,平均隶属值为0.50 ~ 0.59,抗旱性强;第Ⅲ类包括84个品种（系）,平均隶属值为0.30 ~ 0.49,抗旱性中;第Ⅳ类包括75个品种（系）,平均隶属值为0.20 ~ 0.29,抗旱性弱。  相似文献   

白桦新品种‘朝霞2号’     

姜静  郑雨  李慧玉  冮慧欣  陈肃  刘桂丰 《园艺学报》2020,47(Z2):3125-3126

‘朝霞2号’是以白桦为受体获得的转BpGLK1基因干扰表达株系,其叶片中BpGLK1的表达量降低,叶绿素含量减少。主干树皮灰白色,枝条红褐色。叶片纸质,宽卵形,夏季呈黄绿色,秋季呈金黄色,叶尖呈渐尖,叶基心形,叶缘钝齿、无叶裂,上下表面均有绒毛分布,一级侧脉7 ~ 8个。  相似文献   

Regional and temporal differentiation of virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina from common wheat in Russia during the period 2001–2018     

Elena I. Gultyaeva  Ekaterina L. Shaydayuk  Evsey G. Kosman 《Plant pathology》2020,69(5):860-871

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is one of the most damaging rust diseases of wheat in Russia. Populations of P. triticina were monitored in seven regions of Russia from 2001 to 2018, with a total of 5,191 single urediniospore isolates from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) being analysed. Populations have changed significantly in all regions since 2012, after 2 years of drought (2010–2011). Regional collections of P. triticina were also significantly different between the two periods 2001–2009 and 2012–2018, with changes along two geographic gradients from West Siberia to the north-west and south-west (North Caucasia) of the European part of Russia. All tested isolates were avirulent to resistance gene Lr9 in 2001–2009 but, since 2010, virulence to Lr9 has occurred and annually increased in the Asian part of Russia (Ural and West Siberia) due to deployment of cultivars with the Lr9 gene. Virulence to Lr2a and Lr15 was considerably lower in Dagestan (6%–33%) and all European regions (35%–67%) than in Asian regions (84%–96%). During 2001–2009, virulence on Lr1 was also lower in Dagestan (33%) and the European regions (50%–77%) than in Asia (91%–96%); however, by 2012–2018, nearly all isolates were virulent on Lr1. Remarkable changes were observed in frequencies of P. triticina races defined by their virulence/avirulence to Lr1 and Lr2a genes. We postulate the P. triticina population in Dagestan is specific to that area and pathogen populations in European and Asian parts of Russia are distinct.  相似文献