不同处理玉米的有机物质瘤胃降解率及小肠消化率的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李福昌 《中国畜牧杂志》1998,34(2):3-5

用３头带瘤胃瘘管的杂种肉牛测定玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米有机物质（ＯＭ）和非蛋白质有机物质（ＮＰＯＭ）的瘤胃动态降解率，ＯＭ分别为５３．０３％，４３．９１％，５３．５７％，３５．７３％和３８．８５％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为５３．６７％，４８．０６％，５５．７２％，３９．２４％和４４．４８％。用酶解法（牛小肠液冻干粉（ＢＩＦ））测得玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米１２小时瘤胃非降解ＯＭ的消化率分别为７４．３９％，７６．２６％，７５．５４％，７７．８８％和７７．４３％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为６３．９２％，６４．７８％，６４．４３％，６７．７８％和６５．００％。  相似文献   

特旱年旱地玉米限额补灌水肥效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张定一  张虎 《山西农业科学》1998,26(4):40-43

采用田间试验方法研究了旱地玉米限额补灌的水肥效应。结果表明，玉米小喇叭口期灌水675mm／hm2，平均增产玉米2171.5kg／hm2，增产率89．27％，灌水生产效率为3.217kg／mm;3种肥料的增产效果为N＞M＞P。未灌水条件下，3种肥料的增产效果为M＞P＞N。配合施用的增产效果为NPM＞NP。  相似文献   

Oil separation from wet-milled corn germ dispersions by aqueous oil extraction and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction     

Leland C. Dickey  Michael J. Kurantz  Nicholas Parris 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,27(3):303-307

The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. Oil separation from corn germ by aqueous extraction (AE) was studied. Batches of 5–20% germ in a buffer solution were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a blender or colloid mill, churned in an incubator/shaker and centrifuged to separate a free oil fraction. The highest oil yields were obtained when the germ mass fraction was between 0.1 and 0.16. Addition of an enzyme solution to the ground germ suspension prior to churning, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) gave an oil yield twice as high as the AE yield, carried out using similar conditions. Both types of extraction produced the most oil after a 122 °C cook followed by churning at 160 rpm and 70 °C. Oil yield increased linearly with dispersion loading, from 0.5 up to 1.0 g/cm² based on beaker cross-section (0.09–0.12 germ mass fraction). Over a several month period the germ used for the extractions became more difficult to extract, despite storage at 4 °C.  相似文献   

伊犁地区玉米制种的气候适应性与玉米制种产业的发展前景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马守科  张浩  武雪宁  祁军 《种子世界》2007,(3):31-33

比较国内几个玉米产区气候条件对玉米制种的适应性，以及伊犁年际气候条件对玉米制种的适应性表明，伊犁地区适合玉米制种，玉米制种具有较大的发展空间。  相似文献   

对加速推进玉米收获机械化发展之所见     

孔凡强 《农业装备与车辆工程》2007,(1):47-48

分析了当前制约玉米收获机发展的因素，并针对存在的问题提出了应当采取的措施。  相似文献   

Chemical cotton stalk destruction for maintenance of host-free periods for the control of overwintering boll weevil in tropical and subtropical climates     

Greenberg SM  Sparks AN  Norman JW  Coleman R  Bradford JM  Yang C  Sappington TW  Showler A 《Pest management science》2007,63(4):372-380

In the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas, cotton regrows and produces fruit from undestroyed stalks throughout the winter, and in spring weevils from such locations become a serious threat. The success of the boll weevil eradication program, which was reintroduced in the LRGV in 2005, will be dependent on thorough stalk destruction following harvest. However, adverse weather conditions and conservation tillage often impede immediate and complete stalk destruction using typical tool implements, and alternative stalk control methods are needed. This study provides an examination of the efficacy for cotton stalk destruction of different herbicides (thifensulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl, dicamba-diolamine, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, flumioxazin, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium and carfentrazone-ethyl) and their rates, spray volumes and application timings on shredded or standing cotton stalks after stripper or picker harvest. None of the tested herbicides, except 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, stopped post-harvest cotton regrowth and fruiting. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium sprayed once (0 or 7 days) after cotton was harvested at 1 lb AE acre(-1) (1.12 kg ha(-1)), in a spray volume of 10 gal water acre(-1) (93.5 L ha(-1)) with 5 mL L(-1) surfactant, was highly effective in stalk destruction (72-90%). The best results were achieved when the herbicide was applied immediately after the cotton was shredded, followed by standing stripper-harvested and standing picker-harvested cotton. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium applied twice, 0 and 14 (or 21) days after cotton harvest, was 100% effective in killing stalks, regardless of whether they were shredded or standing, or whether harvest was by stripper or picker. These findings showed that 2,4-D-dimethylammonium cotton stalk destruction eliminated food and reproductive opportunities for managing overwintering boll weevils [Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)].  相似文献   

荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害     

宋子硕  杨杰  丁新华  付开赟  吐尔逊  阿合买提  何江  郭文超 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(4):950-956

【目的】研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区各玉米主产区玉米茎腐病田间最新发生分布与危害,为新疆灌溉玉米产区玉米茎腐病科学监测与防控提供依据。【方法】采用5点随机取样法系统调查新疆南北疆6个地州市17个县市区玉米茎腐病的最新发病情况,并综合分析栽培模式、品种因素与其发病程度的关联性。【结果】新疆荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病平均病田率为77.32%,平均病株率为39.66‰,其中北疆春播玉米产区(97.22%、51.86‰)显著重于南疆复播玉米产区(30.00%、17.70‰),且各地州病害发生程度不同,博州(100%、78‰)、伊犁州(100%、68.04‰)发病最重,其次是乌鲁木齐(100%、55.50‰)、塔城地区(93.33%、38.80‰)中度发生,而昌吉州(92.86%、13.43‰)、喀什地区(30%、17.70‰)整体发病较轻。以县市为单位统计,全疆范围内新源县危害(100%、126.2‰)最重,其次为博乐市(100%、117.14‰),而伽师县、疏勒县、疏附县暂未发现玉米茎腐病发生。商品玉米平均病株率(48.12‰)是制种玉米(15.56‰)的3.09倍。4种栽培模式(滴灌覆膜、滴灌无膜、漫灌覆膜、漫灌无膜)的病株率无显著差异(P>0.05),滴灌覆膜(95.12%)、漫灌覆膜(31.82%)分别低于滴灌无膜(100%)、漫灌无膜(69.77%)。【结论】玉米茎腐病在新疆各玉米主产区普遍发生且北疆重于南疆。商品玉米品种整体抗病不强,覆膜栽培条件有利减轻病害发生。  相似文献   

基于响应面法的棉秆压捆试验研究     

廖培旺  王仁兵  宫建勋  刘凯凯  张爱民  李伟 《中国农机化学报》2021,42(10):112

针对棉秆压缩打捆密度低、压缩打捆装备可靠性差等问题,采用设计的棉秆压捆试验平台,将棉秆含水率、棉秆切断长度、棉秆喂入量和压缩活塞压缩频率作为试验因素,以压缩活塞端面压力、压缩室压力和棉秆压捆密度作为试验性能指标进行棉秆压缩打捆单因素和中心组合试验,建立各试验因素和试验性能指标之间的回归方程,确定各试验因素对性能指标的影响规律,并进行优化计算,对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明:棉秆压缩打捆的最优组合为棉秆含水率30%,棉秆切断长度25 cm,棉秆喂入量2.15 kg/s,压缩活塞压缩频率110次/min,压缩活塞端面压力13.84 kN,压缩室压力3.36 kN,棉秆打捆密度145.83 kg/m~3,为棉秆压缩打捆机械的设计提供理论指导。  相似文献   

基于Plackett-Burman试验设计与响应面法优化玉米秸秆离散元模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱惠斌  钱诚  白丽珍  李慧  牟丹磊  李骏杰 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(12):221-231

为了减小免耕播种机防堵装置数值模拟的误差,结合物理试验与仿真试验进行玉米秸秆离散元参数的标定。基于Hertz-Mindlin with bonding 接触模型建立了玉米秸秆离散元模型,以物理试验与仿真试验中临界载荷的相对误差为试验指标进行仿真单轴压缩试验;采用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出具有显著性影响的试验因素;采用Box-Behnken响应面法对玉米秸秆离散元模型进行优化。试验结果表明:接触半径和单位面积切向刚度对试验指标影响极显著(P<0.01),单位面积法向刚度对试验指标影响显著(0.01<P<0.05);玉米秸秆的最优离散元参数为,接触半径1.2 mm、单位面积法向刚度9.361×10⁷ N/m³、单位面积切向刚度9.845×10⁷ N/m³,在此条件下,仿真压缩试验的临界载荷为950.2 N,与物理试验值935.4 N的相对误差为1.58%,验证了参数的可靠性。标定的玉米秸秆离散元模型可用于免耕播种机防堵装置的数值模拟,为防堵装置结构优化改进提供了依据。  相似文献   

多效唑对谷子茎秆特征及抗倒性的影响     

鱼冰星  王宏富  王振华  张鹏  成锴  余爱丽  闫海丽  鱼冰洁 《中国农业科技导报》2021,23(8):37-44

为研究多效唑对谷子茎秆性状及其穗颈的抗倒性影响,采用随机区组设计,在谷子拔节期前(A1)、拔节期(A2)和孕穗期(A3)分别叶面喷施300 mg·L^-1的多效唑,以清水作为对照(CK),对谷子主要茎秆性状、倒伏指数、穗颈参数及产量进行测定。结果表明：①与CK相比,施药后谷子植株的生长发育受到明显抑制,喷施时期越早,抑制效果越明显,株高越低,2个品种的株高均在A1处理下达到最小值,同时植株重心高度与株高的比值变化趋势与之相一致。②基部节间茎粗增大,在A1处理时达到最大值。随多效唑喷施时期的推移,各节间长度降低幅度减小,而节间直径则随着节间长度的减少逐渐增大,茎秆充实度明显提高。③随多效唑喷施时期的推移,茎秆各节间的弯曲力矩和倒伏指数渐增,抗折力渐减,抗倒性逐渐减弱,均在A1处理时最好。④穗颈方面,农大8号穗颈含水量、弯曲力矩有明显变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理最小,穗颈含水量则在A2处理下最低。而张杂10号穗颈除弯曲力矩有影响外,其他指标无显著变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理时达到最小。⑤影响谷子产量的关键构成是穗重及穗粒重,在A2处理下谷子增产显著,农大8号产量比CK增加7.10%,张杂10号产量比CK增加8.29%。因此,在拔节期喷施300 mg·L^-1多效唑,可提高谷子茎秆充实度,增强抗倒伏能力,增产效果最好。  相似文献