泉州市耕地土壤定位监测结果初报     

盛锦寿 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(5)

通过对泉州市1999—2003年的5处耕地连续定位监测分析。结果表明:土壤基础地力随着种植时间的推移,在连续不施肥后逐年有所下降。与监测前相比,各监测点施肥区耕层土壤有机质、全氮含量仅有微小增加,碱解氮含量变化虽然有波动,但总体上略有下降,而有效磷增幅较大并呈盈余积累丰富状态,速效钾均有显著降低并呈低指标含量状态。表现出土壤养分平衡状况是氮磷有盈余而钾亏缺严重。肥料投入结构不平衡,有机肥料在施肥中的份额逐年下降,化肥投入量逐年增加,氮磷钾养分比例不协调。  相似文献   

西瓜一年三熟(露地)栽培技术     

黄福良 《广西农业科学》2005,36(6):521-523

露地种植西瓜采用一年三熟栽培模式,可解决人口多、耕地少、粮食作物和经济作物争地的矛盾.通过春瓜选用迟熟无籽西瓜、夏瓜和秋瓜选用早熟有籽西瓜的科学搭配,严格进行种子、营养土和大田土壤消毒,嫁接育苗,健身栽培和预防为主的防病措施,西瓜每公顷产量可达105000kg,比一年二熟栽培每公顷增产22500kg,增加产值2.25万元以上,经济效益显著.关健词：西瓜;栽培模式;一年三熟;栽培技术  相似文献   

芥菜型多室油菜的主要性状表现   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵洪朝  杜德志  刘青元  李秀萍  余青兰  付忠 《西北农业学报》2003,12(3):62-64

对芥菜型多室、二室油菜不同品种以及BC_1F_1(BC_1F′_1)群体中的芥菜型多室、二室株间作单株产量及其构成因素进行了差异性分析。结果表明:芥菜型多室油菜的单株产量显著(或极显著)地高于其对应的二室油菜和不同来源地方品种(辣芥、新芥)的单株产量,造成这种差异的主要原因在于多室油菜的角粒数。  相似文献   

秸秆膨化机度电产量的生产参数优化及影响因素分析     

王宏立  张祖立 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2003,15(4):54-57

本文对影响秸秆膨化机度电产量的主要生产参数—秸秆含水率(X1)、秸秆粒度(X2)和螺杆转速(X3)进行了研究,揭示了度电产量与这些参数之间的内在规律,创建了秸秆度电产量与三个参数之间的数学模型,进行了生产参数优化,并就生产参数对度电产量的影响进行了分析。  相似文献   

RNFT饲砖与低质秸杆搭配饲喂延边黄牛越冬的效果     

张敏  李岩 《延边大学农学学报》1997,19(2):89-93

本试验采用16头月龄在13．5个月左右的延边黄牛，用非配对试验设计法对RNFT饲砖与低质秸杆搭配饲喂黄牛越冬效果进行了研究。结果表明，试验组母牛增重提高29．23％，公牛增重提高27．98％。七检验结果差异均显著（P＜0．01）。  相似文献   

省域尺度下畜禽粪便的农田消纳量及承载负荷研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨世琦  韩瑞芸  刘晨峰 《中国农业大学学报》2016,21(7):142-151

为了解畜禽养殖粪便还田利用消除养殖污染的重要途径,在构建畜禽粪便的农田消纳量及承载负荷模型的基础上,在省域尺度下分析了我国不同省区主要畜禽类型粪便产生总氮(TN)、单位面积畜禽粪便TN的容纳量以及单位面积畜禽粪便TN的承载负荷。结果表明,全国畜禽粪便TN产生量是380.56万t,其中猪、奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡和肉鸡粪便TN分别占41.2%、13.7%、8.7%、1.5%和34.9%,总量分布山东最高占到15.9%,其次河南占13.4%,河北第三占9.2%。单位面积的畜禽粪便TN容纳量北京最高,单位耕地面积达到83.2kg/hm~2,单位播种面积达到68.2kg/hm~2,低于耕地面积的承载量90kg/hm~2的安全消纳的临界点。基于欧盟标准,省域尺度下的TN承载负荷均小于0.5,其中北京最高,耕地面积下的承载负荷是0.48,播种面积下的承载负荷0.39。畜禽粪便TN负荷主要来自生猪与肉鸡,差不多是畜禽TN负荷的一半,因此,畜禽粪便污染的防治主要是生猪与肉鸡,其中重点是生猪。由此可见,我国农田消纳畜禽粪便的潜力较大,通过畜禽粪便还田利用能够有效的解决粪便污染问题。  相似文献   

矮秆小麦株高的遗传及其与穗粒性状相关性的研究     

岳大华 《东北农业大学学报》1988,(3)

用矮变1号与农林10号小麦矮源,分别以同样的组配方式进行正反交试验。结果表明:(1)矮变1号株高的遗传,不同于农林10号的隐性遗传方式,可认为控制矮变1号株高遗传的主要矮化基因是部分显性的;(2)矮变1号各组合子二代分离出超矮秆植株的比例显著大于农林10号;(3)相关性分析表明,杂种后代随着株高的降低,不孕小穗增加,主穗粒数减少,穗粒重和株粒重明显下降。但是,不同杂交组合的表现不尽相同。“矮变1号”ד8582-201”,子二代平均株高44.7厘米,在田间以矮、齐、多穗而注目,杂种穗粒性状的表现也比较突出。  相似文献   

长期施肥对黄土区农田土壤动物群落的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

林英华  杨学云  张夫道  古巧珍  孙本华  马路军 《中国农业科学》2005,38(6):1213-1218

 2001年7月至2002年10月，采用手捡法和Cobb过筛法,对陕西黄土区6种长期施肥，即对照组（不施肥，CK）、撂荒（不施肥、不耕种，用ABAND.表示）、施氮磷钾（NPK）、施氮磷钾+秸秆（SNPK）、施氮磷钾+有机肥（MNPK）和施1.5倍（氮磷钾+有机肥）（1.5MNPK）与农田土壤动物群落间相互关系进行研究。两年4次共采集72个定点土壤样品，获农田土壤动物标本5 495只，隶属6门11纲22目61科2亚科35属。调查结果表明，不同施肥处理对土壤动物的影响差异性显著（F = 2.24，P＜0.007)。土壤动物数量变化与长期施肥导致土壤性质的变化有关。主成分分析表明，SNPK、NPK、MNPK和1.5MNPK对土壤动物类群的影响能力显著不同，SNPK和NPK对土壤动物优势类群有正向作用，而MNPK和1.5MNPK则相反，对其它的解释不明显。从第一主分量看，各种施肥处理对土壤动物个体总数的综合影响最明显，对土壤动物群落均匀性、多样性影响最小；从评价值大小看，第一主成分特征向量最大值和最小值之间相差较大，表明6种施肥对农田土壤动物的影响不平衡。  相似文献   

Sensitivity in the estimation of parameters fitted by simple linear regression models in the ratio of blueberry buds to fruits in Chile using percentage counting     

Sonia Salvo  Carlos Muñoz  Julio Ávila  Jaime Bustos  Emilio Cariaga  Carolina Silva  Gabriel Vivallo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Blueberry exporting is an important activity in Chile, with fresh blueberries commanding the highest prices and being among the most exported products to the European and North American markets. To maintain quality in the centres of consumption, farmers must continuously improve the logistics of harvesting and shipping the blueberries. Thus every year they must calculate the production of the orchard well in advance in order to hire staff and ensure the logistic cold chain. For this calculation they use a count of flower buds and a simple linear model of which the slope parameter represents the number of fruits per bud. However, due to the cost of the counting procedure, some producers count only a fraction of each plant (25%, 50% or 100%), and furthermore they do not know what effect the variety and productive age of the plants may have on the estimation. The objective of this work is to measure the impact of the cultivated variety, the age of the plant in productive years, and the percentage of fruits counted in estimating the parameter fruits per bud. The study involved monitoring 310 plants of different varieties and ages distributed in northern, central and southern Chile (over an area of approximately 700 km × 200 km). The parameter was estimated by fitting simple linear regression models (SLRM) as a function of the number of fruits and flower buds. To evaluate the impact on the parameter, the SLRM was fitted considering the variables observed in all the plants, by percentage counted, by variety and by variety-age of the plant. The major findings indicate significant differences in the estimation of the parameter, suggesting that in order to estimate fruits per bud the whole plant must be counted and its age and variety taken into account.  相似文献   

Tracing sources of soil nitrate using the dual isotopic composition of nitrate in 2 M KCl-extracts     

L. Rock  B.H. Ellert  B. Mayer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2397-2405

Soils comprise a critical interface between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and play a major role in the cycling of nitrogen (N), an element crucial to plant growth. Isotope techniques constitute a powerful tool to study the origin and fate of N compounds (e.g. NO₃⁻) within the environment including soils. The objective of our study was to test the usefulness of the isotope composition of soil NO₃⁻ extracted with 2 M KCl (soil NO₃) as a tool to investigate the origin and fate of NO₃⁻ in the environment. Specifically issues related to repeat extractions, crop type, length of fertilization, and soil depth were addressed. Soils from four contrasting agricultural management regimes were sampled. Within the relatively confined study area (4 ha), the isotopic compositions of soil NO₃ differed markedly due to management treatments (up to 6 and 17‰ for δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O, respectively), but were repeatable among replicate plots (±1‰). Differences in both δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values were observed between legume and non-legume treatments, as well as fertilized versus non-fertilized treatments, which were larger than the variability observed between replicate plots. Differences in the isotopic composition of extractable soil nitrate were not limited to the surface layer, but also occurred within deeper soil layers. This study indicates that the analysis of the natural abundance stable isotope composition of soil NO₃ may provide a promising additional tool for tracing the origin and fate of NO₃⁻ in the soil zone.  相似文献