Preliminary results of using in vitro axillary and adventitious buds in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry     

Xiao-Shan Shen  Jue-Zhen Wan  Wei-Yi Luo  Xiao-Ling Ding 《Euphytica》1990,49(1):77-82

Summary Aseptically cultured shoots of Chinese gooseberry exhibited growth disorder and morphological aberrances, and some died after being exposed to sufficient gamma-ray irradiation. The death rate was dose dependant and the LD₅₀ was 80–90 Gy and 50–60 Gy respectively for cv. Hayward and clone 4. All petiole explants irradiated with gamma-ray could form calli as the control, but the rate of differentiation of adventitious shoots of the petiole explants decreased and was dependant on dose. Sensitivity of the shoot or petiole explants to gamma-ray irradiation varied with species. Gamma-ray irradiation did not deter either the 2-node segments from producing axillary shoots M₁, M₂, and M₃ or the advantitious shoots originating in the petiole explants and the M₃ shoots from forming advantitious roots. Therefore, using aseptically cultured axillary or adventitious buds for mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry is feasible. A bacterium surviving in the explants lessened the efficiency of these two in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry.Abbreviations IAA 3-indole acetic acid - IBA -indole butyric acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962)  相似文献   

转基因苜蓿研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡清泉  玉永雄 《中国草地》2005,27(5):58-62

就苜蓿基因工程在育种上的研究、转基因技术在苜蓿上的进展做了简要介绍。  相似文献   

双孢蘑菇性亲和性相关分子标记的初步筛选   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

詹才新  凌霞芬  杨家林 《食用菌学报》2002,9(4):1-8

以传统的形态，生理生化分析和最新的DCS－PDMA性亲和性测定方法为基础， 结合群体分离分析和RAPD技术来源于同一双孢蘑菇异核体菌株的12个不育同核原生质体个体进行分析，筛选与性亲和性相关的分子标记。研究结果表明，供试的12个不育同核原生质体个体被分成两大类性亲和性类型，其中一类（A^ ）包括不育同核原生质体个体B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、L，另一类（A^-）则仅仅包括不育同核原生质体个体K和M，同时筛选到一个与性亲和性相关的分子标记OPA16 1500。从而为间地利用双孢蘑菇本身特有的交配型作标记来指导杂交育种工作和进一步将性亲和性基因定位分离克隆奠定了坚实的基础。  相似文献   

苹果梨的育种价值   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

闫忠业 《北方果树》2003,(4):1-3

该文指出,苹果梨综合性状优良,是很好的梨育种种质资源;以苹果梨及其后代为亲本已选育出30余个新品种,大大丰富了梨种质资源;苹果梨的大果、耐贮、小果心、抗寒等优良性状在后代品种中有较强的表现;以苹果梨与多倍体品种杂交后代为多倍体的比率较高。并展望了苹果梨在今后育种中的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

广东优质籼稻抗稻瘟病育种研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱小源  杨祁云  伍尚忠 《植物保护学报》2003,30(2):209-216

通过对广东优质籼稻品种抗瘟性研究、抗病品种的系谱分析以及抗病育种实践的回顾，综述了广东优质稻抗性育种历史及现状，剖析了优质稻抗瘟育种存在的问题及相应对策。提出开发利用不同稻作系统的抗病资源，构建遗传多样性丰富的抗病优质种质，延长品种抗性寿命及解决品种优质与抗病的矛盾。  相似文献   

水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型与其主要农艺性状的关系研究     

韦素美  黄凤宽  黄所生  罗善昱  李青 《植物保护》2004,30(6):30-33

对水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型与其主要农艺性状的关系研究结果表明,水稻品种抗褐飞生物型Ⅱ与分蘖力相关显著,与始穗期、抽穗期、齐穗期、生育期、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重相关不显著。水稻品种抗褐飞虱孟加拉型与始穗期、抽穗期、齐穗期、有效穗相关显著;与生育期相关极显著;与分蘖力、株高、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重相关不显著。  相似文献   

苹果早熟新品种‘早翠绿’选育   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李林光  杨建明  周先迅  王平祥  李勃  隋从义 《果树学报》2004,21(3):281-283

早翠绿是以辽伏为母本,岱绿为父本杂交育成的早熟苹果新品种。果实圆形或圆锥形,平均单果重151.3g,最大204g,7月中下旬成熟,果皮绿色,肉质细脆汁多,酸甜适口,香味浓,较耐贮藏,早果,丰产。  相似文献   

以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐世昌  吴立人  万安民  王凤乐  赵文生  牛永春 《植物保护》2004,30(2):19-22

自1988年起,系统开展了以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育及其基础性研究。采用回交法和系谱法相结合的转育方法,以春性品种Taichung29为轮回亲本作母本,分别与25个抗性供体即中国小麦条锈病菌鉴别寄主和国际上重要的抗条锈基因载体品种杂交、回交和自交。通过基因推导分析、单体分析和SSR标记技术检测目的基因,选育抗条锈近等基因系,现已获得重要进展,成功选育出8个以Taichung29为背景的抗条锈病单基因近等基因系,即Taichung29*6／Yr1、Taichung29*6／Yr2、Taichung29*6／Yr5、Taichung29*6／Yr7、Taichung29*6/Yr9、Taichung29*6／Yr10、Taichung29*6/YrSpP、Taichung29*6/YrKy2。另有9个组合转育获得343个抗性稳定株系,正检测其目的基因,3个组合转至BC₆F₃,自交纯合筛选抗性稳定株系,5个组合转至BC₅,继续回交转育。  相似文献   

The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

U. Merz  V. Martinez  R. Schwärzel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):71-77

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.  相似文献   

植物空间诱变育种及其在牧草上的应用   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

张蕴薇  韩建国  任为波  孙海莲 《草业科学》2005,22(10):59-63

近年来,空间诱变育种已成为空间生命科学研究方面的重要内容之一,即经过卫星搭载,生物在高真空、微重力、强辐射及其他因素的综合作用下产生变异,经过地面选育、筛选和固定变异,培育新品种.在植物方面,国内外已利用该技术培育了粮食作物、经济作物、花卉及菌类等高产、优质新品种(系).空间诱变育种技术开创了育种的又一新途径,其在牧草育种的应用还不多,但前景广阔.  相似文献