Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) nanoemulsion--a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus     

Anjali CH  Sharma Y  Mukherjee A  Chandrasekaran N 《Pest management science》2012,68(2):158-163

BACKGROUND: Nanoemulsion composed of neem oil and non‐ionic surfactant Tween 20, with a mean droplet size ranging from 31.03 to 251.43 nm, was formulated for various concentrations of the oil and surfactant. The larvicidal effect of the formulated neem oil nanoemulsion was checked against Culex quinquefasciatus. RESULTS: O/W emulsion was prepared using neem oil, Tween 20 and water. Nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was obtained at a 1:3 ratio of oil and surfactant, and it was found to be stable. The larger droplet size (251.43 nm) shifted to a smaller size of 31.03 nm with increase in the concentration of Tween 20. The viscosity of the nanoemulsion increased with increasing concentration of Tween 20. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of the nanoemulsion against Cx. quinquefasciatus was checked for 1:0.30, 1:1.5 and 1:3 ratios of oil and surfactant respectively. The LC₅₀ decreased with droplet size. The LC₅₀ for the ratio 1:3 nanoemulsions was 11.75 mg L^?1. CONCLUSION: The formulated nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was found to be an effective larvicidal agent. This is the first time that a neem oil nanoemulsion of this droplet size has been reported. It may be a good choice as a potent and selective larvicide for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

流行性乙型脑炎与三带喙库蚊的防控     

姜志宽  吴光华  王以燕 《农药科学与管理》2007,28(4):48-52

流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)在我国广泛流行。三带喙库蚊是主要媒介,依据如下:(1)三带喙库蚊是乙脑流行区的优势蚊种;(2)该种蚊的季节消长与乙脑的季节分布相一致;(3)该种蚊有乙脑病毒的自然感染,带菌率高;(4)该种蚊能叮刺和经卵传递乙脑病毒。防控方法:(1)环境治理;(2)管理宿主动物(猪等);(3)灭蚊降低密度;(4)做好个人防护;(5)接种疫苗。  相似文献   

Status of insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens field populations from north-eastern areas of Italy before the withdrawal of OP compounds     

Toma L  Menegon M  Romi R  De Matthaeis E  Montanari M  Severini C 《Pest management science》2011,67(1):100-106

BACKGROUND: Heavy and constant use of organophosphorus (OP) larvicides selected Culex pipiens L. resistant populations through two main mechanisms of genetic resistance, the increased activity of detoxifying esterase and the production of alterate acetylcholinesterase‐1 (AChE1) by G119S mutation. The aim of this study was the assessment of the distribution of Cx. pipiens populations resistant to temephos and chlorpyrifos in the north‐eastern regions of Italy and the occurrence of the insensitive AChE in these populations. Data describe the situation in the last years before European legislation prohibited the use of OP larvicides in mosquito control, up until 2007. RESULTS: For the first time a high level of OP resistance in the samples from Ravenna (182‐fold, 80% A4/B4 or A5/B5 esterases and 38.3% Ester⁵), Emilia Romagna region, was detected; therefore, new data from the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions were obtained and reinforced existing knowledge about resistance previously studied along the Adriatic coast. Nearby, in the Villa Verucchio locality, the highest (87.5%) AChE1R was found. CONCLUSION: Cx. pipiens resistance esterases A5/B5 and A4/B4 spread southward along the Adriatic coastal plain while OPs were being used in mosquito control, as confirmed by the first molecular screening of the AChE1 gene in these populations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

四种菊科植物α—三连噻吩的含量测定产虫活性研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

王新国  答汉虹等 《华南农业大学学报》2001,22(3):26-28

采用HPLC法测定4种菊种植物（万寿菊，孔雀草，鲤肠和深裂刺头菊）中的光活化杀虫剂α－三连噻吩的含量，同时以致倦库蚊四龄幼虫为试虫，测定了4种植物各部分丙酮提取物的光活化杀虫活性，结果发现，4种植物都以根中的α－三连噻吩的含量最高，生物活性测定结果表明，杀虫活性和α-三连噻吩的含量成正相关。  相似文献   

淡色库蚊烯醇化酶全长基因的克隆及生物信息学分析     

李边征华  郑文亮  刘虎岐 《西北农业学报》2013,22(7):56-61

根据已获得的致倦库蚊抗性品系与敏感品系差异表达的EST片段(GeneBank号:EC093827.1),设计特异扩增引物,运用RACE技术从淡色库蚊抗性品系中扩增出该基因的全长cDNA序列,并分析其生物信息学特性,获得淡色库蚊烯醇化酶基因cDNA全长1 311bp序列,编码433个氨基酸,该基因编码的蛋白为水溶性蛋白,具有13个磷酸化位点。同源比对及系统进化分析表明,该基因于不同物种间高度保守,其氨基酸序列与同属蚊科的致倦库蚊同源性高达97.8%,并在其保守结构域中含有多个高度保守的氨基酸位点,推测该基因与淡色库蚊的氯菊酯抗性有一定相关性,并初步预测其在蚊虫产生抗药性过程中的可能机制。  相似文献   

福建柏精油对蚊虫的生物活性     

卢钰铎  彭映辉  扶巧梅  刘敏  郁凯 《农药学学报》2014,16(3):293-299

为筛选环保型植物源灭蚊剂,从福建柏Fokienia hodginsii叶中提取精油,采用浸液法测试了该精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus IV龄幼虫和蛹的毒杀作用,采用密闭圆筒法研究了该精油对2种蚊虫成蚊的熏蒸活性,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对其化学成分进行了检测。结果表明:福建柏精油对白纹伊蚊IV龄幼虫和蛹的LC50值分别为53.21和144.34μg/mL,对致倦库蚊分别为55.85和147.68μg/mL;在4.36μg/cm3熏蒸剂量下,该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为14.63和14.90 min,24 h校正死亡率均为90.00%。从福建柏精油中共检测出16种主要化学成分:其中相对含量最高的为α-蒎烯(α-pinene),为29.25%;其次是马鞭烯醇(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-en-2-ol)10.88%和氧化石竹烯(caryophyllene oxide)9.64%等。研究结果表明,福建柏精油对2种供试蚊虫具有显著的杀虫活性。  相似文献   

球形芽胞杆菌Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa杀蚊毒素与致倦库蚊中肠上皮细胞复合物的结合特性          下载免费PDF全文

郭青云  蔡全信  胡晓敏  闫建平  袁志明 《中国生物防治学报》2016,32(3):318-325

Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa毒素是近年来在球形芽胞杆菌IAB59中发现的新型双组分毒素,仅对库蚊具有较高的毒杀作用并能杀死二元毒素(Bin)抗性库蚊,是一种比较有潜力的新型杀蚊毒素蛋白,但目前对Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa毒素的作用模式还不清楚。本研究将cry48Aa和cry49Aa基因在苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株中表达,纯化毒素的生测结果表明该复合毒素对Bin毒素敏感和抗性致倦库蚊均表现较高的毒杀作用,毒力无显著差异。生物素标记的毒素与致倦库蚊BBMF特异性结合试验表明Cry48Aa和Cry49Aa毒素与两蚊虫品系BBMF都具有较高的结合特异性,Cry48Aa结合能力较高,其解离常数(Kd)分别为(9.5±1.8)和(13.9±2.3)nmol/L;Cry49Aa的解离常数分别为(25.4±3.8)和(28.1±4.2)nmol/L。异源竞争结合试验结果表明Cry48Aa毒素则可以有效地和Cry49Aa毒素竞争结合BBMF蛋白上的结合位点,其IC₅₀分别为(22.1±3.7)和(15.4±2.6)nmol/L,而Cry49Aa不能竞争封闭Cry48Aa毒素与两蚊虫品系BBMF蛋白的结合位点,其IC₅₀均大于17μmol/L。该研究结果可为揭示Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa毒素的作用机制提供一定的研究基础。  相似文献   

淡色库蚊肌动蛋白全长基因的克隆及生物信息学分析     

王晓宇  刘虎岐 《西北农业学报》2012,21(5):49-53

为阐明肌动蛋白抗药性相关机制及研制新型卫生杀虫剂奠定基础,根据库蚊抗性与敏感品系差异表达的EST片段,设计特异扩增引物,运用RACE技术从淡色库蚊抗性品系中扩增出该抗性相关基因的全长cDNA序列,分析其生物信息学特性。结果表明,获得淡色库蚊肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长1 708bp序列,其编码377个氨基酸;该基因编码的蛋白为膜蛋白,具有27个跨膜螺旋、1个信号肽切割位点、27个磷酸化位点。  相似文献   

Culex pipiens pallens: identification of genes differentially expressed in deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains     

Hai-Wei Wu  Hai-Sheng Tian  Guan-Ling Wu  Jonathan Kurtis  Lei Ma  Yan Gu  Chang-Liang Zhu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,79(3):75-83

Insecticide-resistance is a major obstacle to controlling insect vectors of microorganisms that cause human diseases. Identification of genes associated with resistance to insecticides has been a valuable tool for understanding mechanisms underlying resistance to commonly used insecticides such as deltamethrin. To identify such genes, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to obtain 809 differentially expressed clones in deltamethrin resistant versus susceptible laboratory strains of Culex pipiens pallens. Using cDNA microarrays and reverse Northern blots, a subset of 16 clones was confirmed to have greater than 3-fold difference in expression levels. Within this subset, we identified 2 clones uniquely expressed in the deltamethrin-resistant strain, eight clones exhibiting higher expression in the resistant strain and six in the susceptible strain. Of these 16 clones, 13 clones have sequence homology to known genes, such as ribosomal RNA, ribosome proteins, trypsin, and chymotrypsin-like proteins. Our data suggests resistance to deltamethrin may be a polygenic phenotype.  相似文献   

球形芽孢杆菌1593株的发酵条件     

左常智  陈丽  肖永昌  吕建芳 《中国生物防治》1986,(4)

发酵条件对1593菌株杀虫活性影响试验的结果表明:氮源起重要作用,以植物性花生蛋白为最高;碳源影响不明显。氰钴胺虽能刺激生长,但不能提高杀虫活性。Mg~(++)有促进作用,Cu~(++)有抑制作用。以pH6—9,温度24—28℃,培养24小时,最为适宜。  相似文献