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WANG Yi-hua QI Song-tao ZHANG Jia-lin YUAN Zhi-rui GONG Fang-he LIU Cheng-yong 《园艺学报》2006,22(9):1793-1796
AIM:To observe the effects of supraoptic ADH neurons and central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in Wistar rats at different times after hypophysectomy.METHODS:Hypophysectomy was undergone by stereotaxic instrument.Water intake,urine output and urine specific gravity (SG) were observed each day.The survival rate of supraoptic ADH neurons was determined by immunofluorescence after hypophysectomy at different times.RESULTS:The rats manifested triphasic CDI after hypophysectomy.The average water intake in experiment group was 73.9 mL vs 30.9 mL in control group (P<0.01).Urine output was 59.7 mL vs 14.7 mL (P<0.01) and SG was 1.015 vs 1.036 (P<0.01).There was minor decrease in ADH neurons at the 3rd day after hypophysectomy (survival 94%,P>0.05),but the cellular body hypertrophy appeared.The survival rate at 10th day was 72％(P<0.01),31% at 20th day and 29% at 30th day.There was no difference between the 20th and 30th day (P>0.05),but they were all less than the 10th day (P<0.01).The ADH immunoreactivity enhanced in median eminence (ME) at the 20th day.CONCLUSION:The triphasic CDI appeard and supraoptic ADH neurons degenerated but the function of those survival neurons had compensatory enhancement after hypophysectomy. 相似文献
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Roja Rahimi 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(2):115-121
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals used as pesticide. Exposures to OPs cause a significant number of poisonings and deaths each year. One of the reported adverse effects in human exposure to OPs is hyperglycemia. Animal studies have also shown altered glucose homeostasis following acute or chronic exposures to OPs. The objective of this paper is to provide a brief review of the mechanisms involved in the OP-induced glucose homeostasis alteration. To reach this objective, a search of the literature using Medline/Index Medicus, Scopus, and Chemical Abstract were performed, most of relevant citations were studied and summarized. To better understand the nature of glucose homeostasis, the principles of glucose production, metabolism, and its hormonal control have been discussed. Collection of theses studies support the conclusion that hyperglycemia is the outcome of acute or chronic exposure to OPs. OPs can influence body glucose homeostasis by several mechanisms including physiological stress, oxidative stress, inhibition of paraoxonase, nitrosative stress, pancreatitis, inhibition of cholinesterase, stimulation of adrenal gland, and disturbance in metabolism of liver tryptophan. 相似文献
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MOU Bo YANG Zhi-hong ZHAO Jia-wei WANG Xuan-chun DONG Xue-hong LIU Yu HU Ren-ming 《园艺学报》2007,23(5):888-892
AIM: To verify and localize the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in pancreas of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic monkeys and understand its important role in β-cell destruction in the pathogenesis of diabetes. METHODS: Through an olig-microarray gene chip, NNMT was identified as the most obviously up-regulated genes in pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic monkeys versus controls. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to verify the differential expression at mRNA and protein level respectively. Then the cellular localization of NNMT expression within pancreas was identified by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining.RESULTS: An obvious high expression of NNMT at both mRNA and protein levels was shown in pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic monkeys compared to that of controls. Further localization of the protein by IHC staining in pancreas specimens showed that its altered expression was restricted to central islets, most of which were β cells.CONCLUSION: Expression of NNMT is increased in islets of STZ- induced diabetic monkeys, which infers that NNMT might participate in the process of β cell damage in diabetes probably through the mechanism of energy metabolism disturbance. 相似文献
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Objective To describe a case of diabetes mellitus in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).
Design A case report with controls.
Procedures We describe clinical and laboratory findings in a 6-year-old, free-living, female koala presented with traumatic injury and subsequently found to have polydipsia, hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Over a 5 week period, serum biochemical analyses, haematological examinations, urinal-yses, measurement of serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations, necropsy, histopathological examination of a range of tissues and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas for insulin-containing cells were done. For reference purposes, serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations were determined in four and two healthy koalas, respectively, and three healthy koalas pancreases were examined histo-logically and immunohistochemically.
Results The koala had persistent hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and glucosuria. Serum insulin concentration of the diabetic koala was only marginally smaller than that of healthy koalas, but all concentrations were smaller than reference concentrations in dogs and people. Fructosamine concentration did not allow the diabetic koala to be distinguished from healthy koalas and concentrations of all koala analytes were greater than expected for healthy dogs and people. Histopathological examination revealed extensive degeneration of pancreatic islet cells and fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed decreased or absent insulin in the b cells of the affected koala.
Conclusion Clinical signs, clinicopathological results and histopathological changes were consistent with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of the condition could not be determined but may have been related to the administration of a parenteral corticosteroid preparation, the stress of capture or tissue damage and inflammation. 相似文献
Design A case report with controls.
Procedures We describe clinical and laboratory findings in a 6-year-old, free-living, female koala presented with traumatic injury and subsequently found to have polydipsia, hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Over a 5 week period, serum biochemical analyses, haematological examinations, urinal-yses, measurement of serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations, necropsy, histopathological examination of a range of tissues and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas for insulin-containing cells were done. For reference purposes, serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations were determined in four and two healthy koalas, respectively, and three healthy koalas pancreases were examined histo-logically and immunohistochemically.
Results The koala had persistent hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and glucosuria. Serum insulin concentration of the diabetic koala was only marginally smaller than that of healthy koalas, but all concentrations were smaller than reference concentrations in dogs and people. Fructosamine concentration did not allow the diabetic koala to be distinguished from healthy koalas and concentrations of all koala analytes were greater than expected for healthy dogs and people. Histopathological examination revealed extensive degeneration of pancreatic islet cells and fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed decreased or absent insulin in the b cells of the affected koala.
Conclusion Clinical signs, clinicopathological results and histopathological changes were consistent with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of the condition could not be determined but may have been related to the administration of a parenteral corticosteroid preparation, the stress of capture or tissue damage and inflammation. 相似文献
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs, which are longer than 200 nucleotides without containing functional open reading frame and cannot encode protein. The study of lncRNA will help to understand the multi-level expression regulatory network of the body, and is expected to provide the basis of prediction, diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Although the functions and mechanism of lncRNA remain unclear, some studies indicate that lncRNA is involved in the development of diabetes mellitus, and those lncRNAs may be new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. 相似文献