黄钩蛱蝶生物学的初步研究     

沈荣武  王建国 《江西农业大学学报》1991,13(1):19-23

黄钩蛱蝶是药用植物葎草的重要食叶害虫.在南昌一年发生5代为主,部分6代,少数7代,世代重迭,以未交配的成虫过冬.10月初羽化的成虫,当年不再交配和产卵,故越冬成虫即包含了五六七代成虫.受高温干旱的影响,夏季和秋初雌虫的产卵量及卵的孵化率明显低于春季和夏初.因此五六月份为全年发生的为害烈期.  相似文献   

水分吸收预处理提高菜用大豆种子活力     

孟祥栋  李曙轩 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1992,(1)

用40％PEG溶液、饱和湿度空气及多层滤纸控制吸胀预处理,能显著提高菜用大豆(Glycine max L.Merr.)种子的发芽势、发芽率和活力指数,以及抗低温吸胀和浸泡伤害的能力.在PEG溶液和多层滤纸条件下吸胀,明显减缓种子吸胀速率,特别是吸胀初期的速率.而且两者控制吸胀的效果相似.这三种处理显著地减少了种子浸泡液的电导率和紫外吸收物质量以及可溶性糖和氨基酸外渗量.种皮对阻止细胞内含物外渗有重要作用,但PEG等的修复作用主要发生在种皮内活的细胞组织.预处理对膜的修复有良好的效果,可是当种子劣变已伤及修复系统时,这种处理就无效.  相似文献   

黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种的抽样调查与研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

卢为国  盖钧镒  李卫东 《中国农业科学》2006,39(2):306-312

 【目的】探讨黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫（Heterodera glycines Ichinohe）的种类及其分布。【方法】2001～2003年在黄淮大豆产区依据Riggs的鉴别模式对38个地点大豆胞囊线虫（SCN）生理小种作抽样调查，并结合文献资料，绘制出黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布图。【结果】大豆胞囊线虫主要分布在山东、河北、北京、山西大部分地区、河南东部与北部、安徽北部；在山西南部及河南西南部地区的抽样调查中未检测到大豆胞囊线虫。其中1号生理小种主要分布在山东济南以南及以东地区，河南北部与河北南部交界地区，河南漯河、周口及安徽阜阳地区。4号生理小种主要分布在河南、山东、安徽交界地区，山西、北京地区，以及山东黄河三角洲地区。2号生理小种主要分布在山东聊城、德州地区，河北石家庄地区，河南焦作、获嘉地区。7号生理小种主要分布在山东半岛和河南开封、滑县、温县等地。5号生理小种在河南和河北有零星分布。另外，在河南商丘地区新发现有9号生理小种。【结论】黄淮地区的优势小种是1号和4号生理小种，抗线虫育种应该以兼抗1号和4号生理小种为主要目标。各生理小种的分布没有明显分界，优势小种分布区域中存在其他生理小种。在过去的10年中，该地区生理小种的组成相对稳定，本研究结果可供大豆抗线虫育种参考。  相似文献   

Nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in hail‐damaged soybeans 1     

R. A. Henson  G. H. Heichel 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1453-1468

Hail damage to an experiment that was being used to investigate nitrogen (N) nutrition of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with ¹⁵N methodology provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of hail damage at the R3 stage of development on N uptake and partitioning through stage R5.8. Field plots were established on a silt loam soil (Typic Hapludol 1). Severely damaged (mean 72% leaf loss) and slightly damaged (mean 26% leaf loss) soybeans were compared for total reduced N and for ¹⁵N concentration in leaflets, petioles, stems, roots, pod walls, and seeds during the 28 days following the hailstrom. The concentration of total N and of ¹⁵N in all organs in both damage treatments declined significantly after the storm, but less in green leaflets (total N), and in green leaflets, green petioles, and pod walls (¹⁵N) of severely than of slightly damaged plants. Measurements on senesced leaflets and petioles showed that the concentration of ¹⁵N also decreased to a greater extent than that of the total N in these organs. This differential loss of ¹⁵N compared with total N suggests that the ¹⁵N was in a form that was less refractory than was the bulk tissue N, and provides evidence of separate mobile pools of N in the plant. Nitrogen budgets were calculated to compare the loss of N and ¹⁵N from abscising leaflets and petioles to the N accumulation of the damaged plants during podfill. These showed that loss from the leaflets and petioles contributed only 7% of the total N accumulated by the plants between R3 and R5.8. This study has exemplified the usefulness of ¹⁵N methodology in investigations of the nutrition and physiology of soybeans suffering leaf damage by hail.  相似文献   

Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder Improves Soybean Seedling Growth under Shading by Corn in Relay Strip Intercropping System     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):367-374

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-¹ seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-¹ uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system.  相似文献   

Comparison of four phosphorus extraction methods on three acid southeastern soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):579-595

Abstract

Phosphorus extractants have not been tested extensively in the Southeast. An experiment was carried out to compare four P extractant methods using samples from a field P‐K factorial experiment with soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) at three locations in Georgia over four years. There were five P rates ranging from none to 80 kg ha^‐1. Soils and plant tissue were sampled at mid‐summer and yields were recorded. The four P extractants compared were Olsen, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 2, and Bray 1. Quadratic regressions for soil P versus plant P and P rates were not significant compared to linear regressions. There were no significant yield responses to P. All extractants except Olsen were similar in their response to added fertilizer P as measured by linear r² values. Olsen P gave lower linear r² values both with P rate and with plant P. Mehlich 1 values were highly correlated with Mehlich 2 (0.94**) and Bray 1 (0.96**). Mehlich 2 and Bray 1 gave nearly the same soil P values with linear regressions of slope of 1.0 and low intercepts. Results from these experiments show that Mehlich 1, Mehlich 2, or Bray 1 could be used successfully on these soils, but that Olsen should be avoided.  相似文献   

大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的QTL定位     

邢光南  刘泽稀楠  谭连美  岳汉  王宇峰  KIM Hyun-Jee  赵团结  盖钧镒 《作物学报》2013,39(1):12-20

大豆叶茸毛形态对抗虫性、耐旱性等均有重要作用。本研究利用2个重组自交系群体NJRIKY (KY)和NJRIXG (XG)进行叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传与QTL定位分析。结果表明,2个性状在2个群体中均有大幅度变异,存在不同程度的超亲分离,两者有极显著负相关(r= –0.49和–0.62),叶面茸毛密度的遗传率(75.7%~76.8%)高于叶面茸毛长度的遗传率(45.2%~62.9%);检测到2个叶面茸毛密度主效QTL (XG群体的PD1-1和KY群体的PD12-1,表型贡献率分别达20.7%和21.7%);两群体叶面茸毛密度遗传构成中加性QTL贡献率占20.7%~36.2%,互作QTL只占0%~1.4%,而未定位到的微效QTL所占份额很大,为38.1%~56.1%,是以往只用定位程序而未注意遗传构成解析所没有发现的特点;未在KY中检测到叶面茸毛长度加性QTL,互作QTL贡献率也仅4.2%,而微效QTL贡献率达58.7%;但在XG中叶面茸毛长度加性QTL Pl1-1和Pl12-1贡献率分别达18.3%和22.5%,占主要成分,互作QTL和微效QTL贡献均较小,说明该性状两群体的遗传构成有很大差异。大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传涉及多个效应不同的基因/QTL。  相似文献   

44份大豆微核心种质抗菌核病鉴定与评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩粉霞  韩广振  孙君明  张金巍  于绍轩  闫淑荣  杨华 《作物学报》2013,39(10):1783-1790

大豆菌核病又称白腐病,是一种真菌性病害。主要由真菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary侵染,是世界范围的大豆病害,也是我国大豆主产区的主要病害。本研究利用不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物对44份大豆微核心种质进行连续2年的田间接种鉴定,筛选抗/耐菌核病的大豆种质资源,为大豆抗菌核病育种提供优异抗性种质。结果表明,(1)不同大豆种质对菌核病的抗性不同,在44份微核心种质中,中抗种质6份(13.64%),中感种质27份(61.36%),感病种质9份(20.45%),高感I种质2份(4.55%),其中合丰24、大天鹅蛋、倪丁花眉豆、牛毛黄、大黄豆和五月黄6个中抗种质可作为抗性亲本用于大豆抗菌核病育种。(2)不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物致病性不同,分离物黑西5(黑龙江省,大豆),病情指数49.32,病斑长度达到5.93 mm,致病性最强;黑饶24(黑龙江省,大豆)与Qin 24(青海省,油菜)致病性次之;Hef 50(安徽省,油菜),病情指数为39.02,病斑长度为3.65 mm,致病性最弱。用黑西5鉴定和筛选抗菌核病大豆种质最为有效。  相似文献   

果蔗间种菜用大豆的主要性状表现及其相关性分析     

赵洪涛  李初英  杨守臻  赵艳红  陈怀珠  黄其椿  吴建明  孙祖东 《大豆科学》2012,31(4):609-612

在果蔗间种条件下,考察13个菜用大豆的全生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、鲜百粒重、标准荚率、单粒荚率、瘪荚率和单株产量等性状表现,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同菜用大豆农艺性状存在差异,其中95C-10、桂鲜豆1号等5个品种单株产量较好;单株产量与主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚、多粒荚呈显著正相关。因此,在果蔗间种菜用大豆时,要增加产量,应选主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚和粒数较多的品种。  相似文献   

基于不定芽原位诱导的大豆转基因方法     

李永光  李冬梅  李维娜  盖江南  王涛  谷翰卿  李文滨 《大豆科学》2012,31(2):163-166,172

建立了一种新型农杆菌介导的大豆转基因方法(专利公开号:102181479A),以萌发大豆为外植体,最大限度地保持了大豆植株的完整性,在非无菌环境下进行转化,利用草丁膦筛选阳性植株。该方法不需要组织培养,脱离了传统组培的限制。对16个大豆基因型进行转化,经PCR、RT-PCR、qPCR和GUS染色鉴定转基因株系,平均转化率为23%。获得当代转基因植株接近实生苗,收获种子仅需3～4个月。该方法将有利于促进大豆基因功能研究和规模化转化。  相似文献