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91.
Raymond K. Henley DVM David A. Hager DVM Norman Ackerman DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(3):121-124
The detection of small amounts of free peritoneal fluid in the canine patient can be a diagnostic dilemma. Ultrasonography and radiography have been advocated to detect intraabdominal fluid not detectable by physical exam. The purpose of this study was to determine the more sensitive method for detecting small amounts of free peritoneal fluid. Ultrasound examinations and radiographs were performed after increments (1 ml/lb body weight) of fluid were injected intraperitoneally. Ultrasonography detected fluid in one animal at 2 ml/lb. AH other animals had fluid detected at 3 ml/lb. With radiographs fluid could be detected with a high degree of accuracy at 4 ml/lb. The lateral view was more accurate than the ventrodorsal view in detecting fluid. The authors concluded that Ultrasonography is more sensitive than radiography and is the method of choice to detect small amounts of free peritoneal fluid. 相似文献
92.
应用双抗体夹心法ELISA检测IBDV的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从抗IBDV高免蛋黄液中提取IgG,用作包被抗体和酶标记,建立了检测IBDV的双抗体夹心法ELISA。经抗原阻断,无关病毒对照、取代、验证等项试验,并与常规AGP法比较,对来源不同的100多个样品进行检测,结果表明:该法对患鸡腔上囊、脾脏的检出率均为100%,比AGP法敏感100倍以上,用肉眼观察阳性与阴性之间颜色差异显著,不存在非特异性反应。试验证明该法具有满意的待异性、敏感性、快速性和稳定性,是IBD早期病原学诊断和流行病学调查的有效手段。 相似文献
93.
Titers of two systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in citrus trees were measured in conjunction with conventional evaluations of their impact on glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say); GWSS) populations. Xylem fluid samples were collected at regular intervals and from multiple locations within field-grown citrus trees to determine imidacloprid and thiamethoxam concentrations using commercial ELISA kits. Uptake profiles varied considerably with peak mean titers of imidacloprid occurring 6-8 weeks after application compared with 2 weeks for thiamethoxam. The persistence of each compound also varied as near-peak levels of imidacloprid were sustained for another 6-10 weeks before gradually declining. In contrast, thiamethoxam titers declined more rapidly after the initial peak, possibly reflecting an application rate only one-quarter of that used for imidacloprid. Within-tree distributions were more similar for the two compounds, with no significant effect due to height of the sample (upper or lower half) or to the quadrant location within the tree, with the exception of one quadrant in the thiamethoxam-treated trees. Substantial reductions in GWSS nymphs and adults were observed in imidacloprid-treated trees during the 2001 trial and were sustained for 4-5 months after treatment. Treatment effects on nymphs were not as well pronounced in the 2002 trial, when overall GWSS infestations were much reduced from the previous year. However, consistently lower adult infestations were still observed in 2002 for both treatments compared with untreated trees. Information on the spatial and temporal profiles in citrus trees was obtained for both compounds to complement field impact data and improve understanding of their pest management potential. 相似文献
94.
Spotti M Fracchiolla ML Arioli F Caloni F Pompa G 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(6):507-515
A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB1. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and
PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB1. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB1 in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB1 in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water
seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water
and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use
the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds. 相似文献
95.
The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin is commonly used in equine medicine for the prevention and treatment of Gram-negative and staphylococcal bacteria in surgically treated colic patients. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in these patients might be altered by the disease status, and/or under the influence of fluid therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous fluid treatment on gentamicin kinetics in colic patients. Colic patients subjected to laparotomy were given fluid infusions according to clinical status. Following gentamicin administration, blood samples were taken for gentamicin analysis at different time points, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters including Vc, Vss, t(1/2) and MRT were calculated. Horses undergoing fluid therapy showed a significantly different t(1/2), clearance and MRT as compared to non-infused patients. However, taking into account the clinical status of the patients receiving fluid support, the data suggest that endotoxaemia, rather than fluid therapy, influence gentamicin pharmacokinetics following laparotomy. 相似文献
96.
Pille F De Baere S Ceelen L Dewulf J Croubels S Gasthuys F De Backer P Martens A 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(6):610-617
OBJECTIVE: To determine radiocarpal (RC) joint synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations after regional intravenous perfusion (RIP) and systemic intravenous (IV) administration. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental cross-over study. ANIMALS: Five normal adult horses. METHODS: One RC joint was randomly selected for RIP and the contralateral RC joint was sampled to determine intrasynovial ceftiofur concentrations after IV administration. Wash-out between IV and RIP was > or = 14 days. After surgical introduction of an intraarticular catheter, ceftiofur (2 g) was administered under general anesthesia either IV or by RIP after tourniquet application. Plasma and synovial fluid were collected over 24 hours. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and the results were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations were consistently higher after RIP than after IV administration and were > 1 mug/mL (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] for common pathogens) for >24 hours. Mean synovial fluid peak concentration of ceftiofur after RIP and IV administration was 392.7+/-103.29 microg/mL at 0.5 hours postinjection (HPI) and 2.72+/-0.31 mug/mL at 1 HPI, respectively. Large variations in synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations were observed between horses regardless of administration technique. RIP did not cause adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Under the present experimental conditions RIP with ceftiofur (2 g) induced significantly higher intraarticular antibiotic concentrations in the RC joint in comparison with IV administration. Moreover, after RIP, synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations remain above the MIC for common pathogens (1 microg/mL) for > 24 hours. No adverse effects from the technique or the antibiotic were observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RIP with high doses of ceftiofur may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy when treating equine synovial infections which are caused by cephalosporin susceptible microorganisms. 相似文献
97.
Forterre S Raila J Forterre F Brunnberg L Schweigert FJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):451-455
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in concentrations of vitamin A, transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs. RBP was detected using ELISA, and both RBP and TTR by Western blot analysis after separation on SDS-PAGE. Vitamin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RBP and TTR as well as vitamin A were detected in all samples but at substantially lower concentrations in CSF compared to plasma. RBP in dog plasma showed a similar molecular mass to that of humans, whereas canine TTR had a lower molecular mass. Comparison between plasma and CSF showed that both RBP and TTR were of lower molecular mass in CSF. In CSF, RBP and retinol were present at 10-100-fold lower concentrations compared to plasma. Retinyl esters were present only in minute amounts in 5/17 samples. In conclusion, the CSF of dogs compared to humans is significantly different in terms of both quality and quantity of transport proteins for vitamin A. 相似文献
98.
99.
天然香精是从芳香植物中用物理方法提取的有机混合物,具有独特、自然、舒适的香气和香韵,在香料工业、日化、食品等领域有广泛应用,但利用传统方法萃取易使其原有香味失真;超临界CO2流体萃取是一种新型分离技术,特别适于不稳定及热敏性天然产物的萃取,利用该技术萃取天然香精可得到高品质高价值的产品。概述了超临界CO2流体萃取技术,介绍了近几年该技术萃取植物天然香精及其与其他分离技术结合的相关研究,探讨了该技术在应用中存在的问题及其发展前景,旨在为该技术萃取天然香精的进一步应用提供参考。 相似文献
100.