A conceptual model of farmers' decision-making process for nitrogen fertilization and irrigation of durum wheat     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

With a 2 millions of tons production, France is the second country in the European Union to produce durum wheat. Durum wheat production requires high grain nitrogen concentration. Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization must be managed simultaneously to maximize grain yield and also avoid low protein concentration and environmental impacts. To help advisors and farmers to better manage together these two agricultural operations and to develop innovative managements, developing a biodecisional model is an interesting possibility. However, knowledge is still missing on how farmers already managed these operations and how these two operations are linked. We developed the conceptual model for the decision part of this computer model. We performed a survey of 28 farmers conducted over the five French production areas investigating a diversity of growing conditions to identify the set of possible constraints and farmers' decision rules. To analyze the survey, we first used a general inductive approach on individual cases and then built a conceptual model of the decision with a bottom-up approach. We identified four decision sequences for fertilization (N splitting, choice of N fertilizer, rate of application, fertilization triggering) and five for irrigation (irrigation period, anticipated number of irrigation cycles, irrigation cycles organization, irrigation triggering and irrigation cycle specificities). For each operation, the first three decision sequences refer to strategic decisions. The other decision sequences refer to tactical decisions. Coupling this model with a crop model could provide guidelines for managing durum wheat in the current climatic and economic changing context.  相似文献   

不同施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰生长影响研究     

徐建球  刘海涛 《农业科学与技术》2016,(7):1627-1633

[目的]筛选盆栽墨兰适宜的施肥模式.[方法]根据墨兰体内氮、磷和钾含量的特点,结合目前生产者对墨兰进行施肥的主要模式及相关的文献资料,设计出8种施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰进行生长的比较试验,测定26个形态和生理指标.[结果]不同施肥模式对墨兰生长的21个指标都存在显著性影响.[结论]综合各生长指标来看,对‘企黑’墨兰生长最优的施肥模式是:4、7和10月每袋各施1次N-P2O5-K2O=14-14-14的缓释肥8 g,同时在4～9月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10水溶肥150 ml,在10～12月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=15-5-30水溶肥150 ml.  相似文献   

闽西清香型烤烟配套栽培技术研究     

林祥永  ;谢凤标  ;常鹏飞  ;曾文龙  ;邱志丹  ;王鑫  ;赖荣泉  ;卢春生 《江西农业学报》2014,(9):69-74

为了规范烤烟栽培模式,对清香型烤烟配套栽培技术进行了试验研究,提出了适时播栽、培育壮苗、精耕细作、盖膜待栽、控制施氮、合理追肥、"膜上"栽烟、科学管水、掀(揭)膜培土、病虫防治、拔节打顶、成熟采烤等配套栽培技术。  相似文献   

枣树施肥研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴硕  贾彦丽  智福军  吕瑞江 《河北农业科学》2016,(3)

归纳了枣树生长过程中的肥料吸收规律和施肥对枣树的影响;概括了枣树周年生长过程中对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收规律;同时总结了氮磷钾肥、生物肥、矿物质肥、沼肥等对枣树叶片和枝条生长,果实糖、Vc和可溶性固形物含量,以及果树抗病性等的影响。  相似文献   

Achieving legislation requirements with different nitrogen fertilization strategies: Results from a long term experiment     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC, Anonymous, 1991) was developed in Europe to limit environmental threats from intensive livestock farming and N fertilizer applications to crops. It imposed several rules on farmers and public bodies, one of which was nutrient fertilization plan adoption. Here we use results from the Tetto Frati (Northern Italy) Long-Term Experiment to verify the terms and coefficients in the official Italian guidelines and evaluate the limitations imposed to organic fertilization amounts. For this purpose, we mined long-term experimental data of crop yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and soil organic matter content from miscellanea cropping systems fertilized with farmyard manure (FYM) and bovine slurry (SLU), typical of a dairy farm in Northern Italy. N fertilization efficiency indicators (Removal to Fertilizer ratio, Apparent Recovery and Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value) indicated that in the long run, FYM behaved similarly to urea, and better than SLU. Even N supply rates as high as 250 kg N ha⁻¹ were justified by high rates of crop removal. In fact, among the terms of the mass-balance equation, SOM mineralization was found to be most relevant, followed by meadow rotation residual effects. We conclude that a revised Nitrates Directives application scheme could be more relaxed in its application limit of manure-N, but should be more ambitious in setting efficiency coefficients for manure fertilization.  相似文献   

Nutrient‐Release Rates of Controlled‐Release Fertilizers in Forest Soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):739-750

Abstract

Nutrient‐release rates of controlled‐release fertilizer (CRF) with four different labeled release periods were evaluated. Samples (30 g) sealed with nylon mesh were buried at a clearcut forest site (Price soil series) in western Oregon, USA, in February 2000 and excavated every 7 weeks for 14 months to determine residual weight and composition. Cool, dry soil conditions apparently prolonged nutrient release beyond labeled rates; the fertilizer with the shortest release period (3–4 months) released approximately 72% of the fertilizer (by weight), whereas that with the longest release period (8–9 months) released 48%. Release varied among individual nutrients [nitrate (NO₃)>ammonia (NH₃)>potassium (K)>sulfur (S)>magnesium (Mg)>phosphorus (P)]. Minimal changes in micronutrient [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo)] contents were attributed to the formation of insoluble compounds with P. Variable release among individual nutrients demonstrates a limitation toward delivering a full range of nutrients and suggests that further refinement of CRF technology is needed to optimize nutrient availability under realistic field conditions.  相似文献   

施肥对割草地羊草功能性状和化学计量学的影响     

白玉婷  代景忠  夏江宝  闫瑞瑞  杨红军  吕世杰  卫智军 《草地学报》2021,29(11):2442-2453

本研究以羊草（Leymus chinensis）为研究对象,测定羊草植物功能性状、营养元素和化学计量等多个指标,进行多角度综合系统的研究,阐释羊草割草地羊草种群对不同改良措施的响应特点及变化规律。运用单、双因素方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析方法对相关指标进行统计分析。结果表明：大多数羊草功能性状对施肥处理较为敏感,但随着施肥年份增加,部分指标敏感程度减弱;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理显著增加了株高和茎长,茎长成为羊草株高增长的主要因素;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理有利于羊草种群地上生物量的增加;羊草氮含量随着施肥年份增加逐渐增加,羊草氮含量与羊草C：N存在高度负相关,施肥（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）处理下羊草叶片和茎的C：N,羊草个体和叶片C：P最低。  相似文献   

湖南洋泉水库调度的最优气候决策方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹希云  刘电英  文强 《中国农业气象》2006,27(3):191-193

充分利用气候资源作好水库水位（量）调度、提高水库在抗旱和发电中的经济效益,是当今水库调度决策亟待解决的一个重要课题.本文根据气象经济学原理,运用连续函数求极值方法,利用洋泉水库有关经济参数,建立水库气候最优调度决策,在水库的实际调度中应用,可取得明显的社会经济效益.  相似文献   

表皮生长因子的作用机理及对体外受精的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田万强张周  昝林森 《中国农学通报》2005,21(11):1-4

表皮生长因子(EGF)是一种重要的多肽类生长因子,它对卵母细胞的体外成熟和早期胚胎的发育具有明显的促进作用。大量研究表明:EGF能够以旁分泌(Paracrine)或自分泌(Autocrine)的形式作用于胚胎组织中的EGFR,刺激内细胞团(ICM)和滋养外胚层的增殖,从而调节早期胚胎的发育。  相似文献   

A.A. Marcov Forecast Method of the System Ration in Estate Business Study     

YAN Wei  QIAN Yu-yu 《保鲜与加工》2004,(2):110-115

A. A. Markov Rolling Forecast Method is presented in this paper according to the dynamic characteristics of the estate business system. Test results reveal that the system quantitative forecast could be realized on the basis of previous samples, which provide a direction of the rational management in estate business. Concerning sample molding analysis and Markov Rolling Forecast Method, this paper gives a corresponding conclusion of analytic research quantitatively in order to demonstrate the formation of factors working in estate business activities and its systematic logistic connotation. Markov Rolling Forecast Method can be applied not only to short-term prediction but long term one as well, provided when the market is rather stable with no significant change during a regular period of time and when the rolling times of the state transition matrix are fairly enough.  相似文献