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41.
Xuanyi Yang Xinyan Zhi Ziling Song Guanghui Wang Xumin Zhao Shuyan Chi Beiping Tan 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):114
Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (namely, HPM0, HPM3, HPM6, HPM9, and HPM12) were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance, muscle nutrition composition, texture property, and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days. It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0, HPM3, and HPM6 groups did not differ (P > 0.05). The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups (P < 0.05). The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0, HPM9, and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group (P < 0.05). The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5, myocyte enhancer factor 2c, myocyte enhancer factor 2a, myosin heavy chain, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and follistatin (FST) were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group. The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6% HPM and 27% fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group. When fish ingested a diet containing 3% HPM, the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated, and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved. An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed. 相似文献
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黄花梨果实采后软化生理基础 总被引：42，自引：2，他引：42
研究了 2 0℃、相对湿度 80 %～ 90 %条件下黄花梨果实采后软化的生理生化变化。结果表明 ,黄花梨属于呼吸跃变型果实 ,采后果肉硬度逐渐下降而出汁率逐渐增加。采后 5d内淀粉酶活性增加 2 .9倍而淀粉含量下降 72 .80 % ,之后淀粉酶活性和淀粉含量逐渐下降。采后原果胶和纤维素含量下降而可溶性果胶含量增加 ,且果肉硬度同原果胶含量和纤维素含量都呈极显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。采后 5d内 ,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶 (PG)和纤维素酶活性变化不大 ,之后迅速上升 ,到采后 15d达到酶活性高峰 ,分别为采收时的 3.0倍和 7.9倍 ,之后酶活性逐渐下降。因而认为 ,黄花梨采后 5d内果肉软化 ,主要是淀粉酶活性的快速上升催化淀粉的快速水解造成的 ,并为呼吸跃变准备能源物质 ;之后果肉软化是由PG、纤维素酶作用引起果胶质、纤维素等细胞壁组分降解所致。 相似文献
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不同采收成熟度油桃贮藏效果及果肉细胞超微结构观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以秦光2号油桃果实为材料,在0℃贮藏条件下研究了5个采收成熟度果实的贮藏效果及果肉细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明,(1)处理Ⅳ成熟度果实贮藏40d后能保持相对较高的硬度和可溶性固形物,货架期品质好,好果率高,贮藏效果好,为最佳采收成熟度。(2)采收当天的处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ成熟度的果实,果肉细胞的超微结构无明显差异;处理Ⅳ成熟度果实,叶绿体开始变形,细胞外壁开始有少许微纤丝松懈;处理Ⅴ成熟度果实,细胞壁中胶层开始溶解,电子密度降低,出现质壁分离和液泡破损现象。(3)贮藏50d后,不同成熟度的果实,果肉细胞的超微结构都发生明显变化,显示出果肉细胞间隙增大,细胞内含物减少,出现细胞空腔化;细胞壁中胶层降解,细胞壁弯曲或皱缩,质壁分离严重;细胞器变形或降解等现象。 相似文献
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The effect of preharvest fruit temperature on the relationships between development of watercore and ethylene evolution, flesh firmness, membrane permeability and sorbitol level in two watercore-susceptible apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars, ‘Himekami' and ‘Fuji', was investigated at ambient or modified temperatures of 10, 15 or 25°C. Watercore occurrence was completely inhibited at 25°C in both cultivars whereas fruit subjected to 10 or 15°C exhibited significantly higher watercore ratings after two or three weeks of the treatment than those at 25°C and ambient temperatures. Ethylene production of ‘Himekami' apples increased at 25°C and ambient temperature but not at 15°C. Ethylene production was not affected by treatment in ‘Fuji' apples. Flesh firmness of ‘Himekami' tended to maintain a higher level at 15°C than at 25°C, while there was no clear difference among the treatments in ‘Fuji'. The rate of potassium (K) ion elution from the flesh tissues of either cultivar was not affected by fruit temperature treatment. Sorbitol content at 15°C maintained significantly higher level than that at 25°C during the treatment in ‘Himekami' apples although no sorbitol difference was observed among the temperature treatments in ‘Fuji' apples. 相似文献
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以降水和日照这两个气象要素作为研究对象,基于模糊数学和信息扩散理论,通过沧州1990-2009年9月中旬-10月中旬的降水量和日照时数的变化范围,离散出降水量和日照时数的风险水平值,计算出由于降水和日照引起灾害的风险估计值,结合小枣成熟晾晒期浆烂裂果灾害的调查资料进行研究。结果表明,9月中旬-10月由于降水因素发生浆烂裂果灾害的风险概率为4～5年一遇;9月中旬-10月日照的偏差不会造成小枣成熟期浆烂裂果灾害风险。此外,以降水量≥80mm的概率估计值作为小枣发生浆烂裂果灾害的临界值,确定出枣农防御灾害的时段和及时采收的时间,利于进行防灾减灾。 相似文献
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[目的]测定与分析赤眼鳟的含肉率、营养成分和营养价值。[方法]以10条健康赤眼鳟为研究对象,对赤眼鳟的含肉率、营养成分（水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分）和营养价值（氨基酸组成及含量）进行测定与分析。[结果]赤眼鳟含肉率平均为74.64%±0.43%,鲜样肌肉粗水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷分别是75.42%、18.05%、4.95%、0.50%和0.48%;肌肉干物质中粗水分、粗蛋白质量分数、粗脂肪质量分数、灰分质量分数、钙和磷分别为30.75%、72.52%、15.35%、0.08%、0.86%和1.28%;18种氨基酸总含量为74.89%（质量分数,干样）,其中10种必需氨基酸的总量为34.54%,占氨基酸总量的46.12%,4种鲜味氨基酸的总含量为27.89%。[结论]与其他几种经济鱼类比较认为,赤眼鳟是一种营养价值高、值得开发驯养的优质淡水鱼类。 相似文献
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S. K. Sau B. N. Paul K. N. Mohanta S. N. Mohanty 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,240(1-4):359-368
A 90-day feeding experiment was conducted using flow through system to evaluate the requirement of vitamin E for rohu fry in relation to growth performance and to assess the relationship between the dietary vitamin E levels and carcass composition. Five semi-purified diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg vitamin E/kg dry diet as
--tocopheryl acetate were fed to rohu fry (av. wt.±S.E.=0.58±0.01 g) in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, growth and dietary performance were evaluated and vitamin E deposition in the tissue, erythrocyte fragility, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were analyzed. The average net weight gains were 6.82±0.09, 7.38±0.03, 8.20±0.03, 8.07±0.09 and 8.12±0.08 (g/90 days), respectively, for fish fed diets 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg vitamin E/kg. The fish fed diets containing less than 100 mg supplemental vitamin E/kg had significantly (P<0.05) reduced weight gain, feed efficiency and other nutritional indices compared to those fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 100–200 mg/kg. With the increasing level of vitamin E, both TBARs and erythrocyte fragility values were reduced. Regression analysis of weight gain data using broken-line model indicated a minimum vitamin E requirement of 131.91 mg/kg dry diet. The erythrocyte fragility and TBARs were maximum in fish fed the vitamin E-deficient diet. From the present experiment, it may be concluded that the vitamin E requirement of Labeo rohita fry for optimum growth and other dietary performances is 131.91 mg/kg of dry diet. 相似文献
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R. G. Cole N. K. Alcock S. J. Handley K. R. Grange S. Black D. Cairney J. Day S. Ford A. R. Jerrett 《Fisheries Research》2003,60(2-3):381-392
Selective fishing is the successful capture of target species and size classes in a way that minimises bycatch, minimises damage to flesh, and maximises post-mortem (PM) value. We studied selective harvesting of blue cod Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae) in central New Zealand, where it is captured mainly by commercial pot-fishing and recreational line-fishing. Potting with paua Haliotis iris (=abalone) guts selectively targeted large blue cod from localities that had six or more fish species and many small blue cod. Video observations of pot entries indicated that blue cod entered and left the pot throughout 30 min sets. Blue cod were observed by video to commence swimming when pot-hauling started. Observations of line-hooked fish indicated a characteristic spinning behaviour while hauling.
Fatigue during harvesting is a major factor in reducing the PM quality and shelf-life of fish muscle. Despite the relatively benign nature of capture via pot, it appears that burst exercise during hauling and a brief flurry of flapping as the pot leaves the water is sufficient to compromise flesh quality. Fish that were fatigued during harvesting had a poorer peri-mortem ‘ATP potential’ than fish that had been tank-rested for a year and then harvested using rested harvesting techniques. Modifying the potting method by providing a reservoir of water reduced peri-mortem fatigue during capture but by an insufficient amount to significantly improve PM flesh quality.
Blue cod flesh is compromised by pot capture, which is widely perceived as a benign harvesting method. In order to maximise value of blue cod, low-stress harvesting methods which take advantage of the behaviour of the fish are required. 相似文献