贵州省不同年代糯高粱品种（系）农艺性状演变分析     

高杰  李青风  李晓荣  封广才  彭秋 《作物杂志》2019,35(4):17-32

以贵州省不同年代酿酒用糯高粱品种（系）为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,对其农艺性状、产量构成以及抗性差异进行分析,结果表明：随着年代更替,贵州省酿酒用糯高粱单产逐步提高。新品种（红缨子、黔高8号）较老品系（黑壳糯、红壳糯）平均单产增幅25%以上;穗粒数、穗粒重增加显著,增幅分别为51.7%、62.7%;主穗一、二级枝梗数增加幅度分别为19.8%、62.7%;株高降低24.9%,茎粗增加9.5%;节间数增加0.9个,节间长缩短13.3cm;单株叶面积和叶面积指数增加显著;倒伏率、发病率下降显著,成穗率明显提升。各指标相关性分析显示,产量与穗粒数、穗粒重,穗粒数与主穗一、二级枝梗数呈极显著正相关;产量与株高、倒伏率极显著负相关,与茎粗正相关,相关系数分别为-0.981、-0.970和0.928,株高、茎粗与倒伏率相关显著,相关系数分别为0.964和-0.910;产量与叶面积指数正相关,与发病率显著负相关。总的结果表明,主穗一、二级枝梗数的增加提高了糯高粱的穗粒数,植株株高的降低、茎粗的增加促进了抗倒性的提升,抗病性的提升保证了后期叶片光合作用的持续进行,最终提高了糯高粱产量。  相似文献   

Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.  相似文献   

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.  相似文献   

不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量变化规律研究     

郝近羽  罗峰  谢晓东  裴忠有  丁博  包曙光  孙守钧 《华北农学报》2017,32(2)

为了探讨不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量变化规律,根据物理学的色差原理,首次采用色差法,对高粱蜡粉进行测定。结果表明,不同类型高粱之间茎秆的蜡粉含量有明显的差异,同一类型不同基因型间也不同;饲草高粱茎秆自上而下各节段的蜡粉含量呈现出高-低-高的变化趋势,中间茎节的蜡粉含量与全株混合蜡粉含量总平均值最接近,可代表全株的蜡粉含量;不同类型高粱进入各生育期的时间和持续天数不同,同一生育期内蜡粉累积量也不同,饲草高粱为抽穗期开花期乳熟期蜡熟期完熟期,甜高粱为乳熟期抽穗期开花期蜡熟期完熟期,开花期与整个生育期平均蜡粉含量最接近,可代表整个生育期的蜡粉含量;不同类型高粱在同一个生育期内蜡粉日变化呈单峰曲线,蜡粉含量的峰值出现在13:00时;高粱蜡粉与茎秆糖锤度部分呈极显著负相关。研究表明,遗传因素导致不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量存在显著差异并且含量变化具有规律性,为选育高蜡粉含量品种从而提升高粱抗逆性提供科学参考。  相似文献   

刈割期对多棱饲料大麦饲草及籽粒产量与品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈晓东  赵斌  季昌好  朱斌  王瑞 《麦类作物学报》2017,(3):409-413

为探明大麦饲草与籽粒双收的适宜刈割期,以六棱皮大麦皖饲麦2号为材料,设不刈割(T0)及分蘖期(T1)、拔节期(T2)、孕穗期(T3)分别进行一次刈割4个处理,比较了两年度不同刈割期大麦饲草、籽粒产量及品质的差异。结果表明,随刈割期后移,皖饲麦2号饲草产量显著增加;饲草粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷含量显著下降,粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量显著增加,即饲草品质显著下降。籽粒产量受刈割期影响大,与T0相比,两年度T1期刈割籽粒产量无显著变化,T2、T3期刈割则籽粒产量显著下降;而品质受影响小。说明T1期刈割,可达到饲草与籽粒双收目标,且饲草品质好;在生产中要保障一定的籽粒产量,T2期后应停止刈割。  相似文献   

Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes     

Xi Liang  John E. Erickson  Wilfred Vermerris  Diane L. Rowland  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Maria L. Silveira 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(1):39-55

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.  相似文献   

4种多年生禾草苗期抗旱性的比较研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李雪莲  张国芳  谷艳蓉  孟林 《四川草原》2005,(1):13-15

采用盆栽育苗法,在4种多年生禾本科牧草苗期连续干旱胁迫下测定植株的叶片相对含水量、质膜相对透 性、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量4个抗旱生理指标,以综合评价4种多年生禾草的抗旱性能。研究结果表明:供试材料 在连续干旱胁迫下,叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势,质膜相对透性、游离脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量都有所增加。综合分析 结果,4种多年生禾草的苗期抗旱性按照从强到弱的顺序依次为无芒雀麦>苇状羊茅≥老芒麦>披碱草。  相似文献   

多花黑麦草新品系产量及农艺性状研究初探   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张新全  杨春华 《四川草原》2004,(3):23-26

试验对多花黑麦草新品系的植物学性状、农艺性状、生长动态及拔节期营养物质含量进行了研究。结果表明,多花黑麦草新品系生育期为234 d,生长发育迅速,特别是冬春季生长优势明显;年产草量(DM)可达15 469kg/hm2;植株高大,叶量丰富、叶片宽大,拔节期粗蛋白含量达16.17％,表现出明显的优良牧草性状;在南方亚热带地区生长良好,是优良的多花黑麦草新品系。  相似文献   

甘薯的实用价值及在我国发展前景分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

崔坤  王晓梅  宋丽润  周清林  刘玉兰 《吉林农业科学》2007,32(3):63-65

甘薯是主要粮食作物,在中国每年种植面积600万hm2左右,栽培面积和总产量均居世界首位,仅次水稻、玉米居第3位。但随着农业种植结构的不断调整,甘薯种植面积也将随之改变。今后既要保证农业产业结构调整的稳步推进,又要确保甘薯生产的稳定增长,力争达到甘薯种植减面积而不减产量的总体要求,我们应加大甘薯资源综合利用和开发的研究,发挥甘薯在农业生产中的作用。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic Relationships of Sorghum and Related Species Inferred from Sequence Analysis of the nrDNA ITS Region   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GUO Qiong-xia HUANG Ke-hui YU Yun HUANG Zhen WU Zhen-quan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(4):250-256

Analysis of phylogenetic and evolution in six species of Sorghum was based on internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences in nuclear ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the length of the ITS regions among the six species ranged from 588 to 589 bp and the contents of G＋C in ITS （ITS1 ＋5.8S＋ITS2） regions ranged from 60.27 to 61.05%; the length of ITS1 ranged from 207 to 208 bp and the contents of G ＋ C in the ITS 1 regions ranged from 53.91 to 61.54%. The length of the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 regions in the six species was 164 and 217 bp respectively, and the contents of G ＋ C ranged from 56.10 to 58.54% in the 5.8S rDNA region and 66.36 to 67,28% in the ITS2 region. Among regions of ITS, ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S, the best sequence for genetic relationship analysis in the six species was the ITS region. On the basis of the Jaccard coefficient and phylogentic tree, S. sp. was more related to S, propinguum than to other species. This was consistent with the fact that S. sp. is derived from S. propinguum. From the phylogenetic tree based on ITS1, S. halepense, silk sorghum and S. sudanense, are identical in the ITS 1 sequence, whereas the phylogenetic tree based one shows that S. sudanense has a closer genetic association with S. almum rather than with S. halepense and silk sorghum.  相似文献