氮磷钾不同配比对甘薯产量和品质的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张海燕  董顺旭  董晓霞  解备涛  王庆美  李爱贤  侯夫云  张立明 《山东农业科学》2013,45(3)

田间小区试验研究了化肥氮磷钾不同配比对甘薯产量和品质形成的影响。结果表明:P5K10组合可显著提高济薯21的鲜薯产量和薯干产量,分别比对照增产7.83%和9.95%,其余组合均比对照减产,减产幅度最大的为N6P5K10组合。在生育后期,N6P5和N6P5K10组合不利于薯块干物质的积累,而P5K10和N6K10组合有利于养分向块根中运输,最终导致薯块干物质含量的提高。氮磷钾不同配比均可促进前中期可溶性糖的积累,P5K10和N6K10组合促进了前中期甘薯块根中淀粉的积累,P5K10、N6P5和N6K10促进了生育中后期块根中淀粉的积累,而在所有组合中,P5K10组合的变化幅度最大,说明施用磷钾肥可促进可溶性糖的积累和转化,提高甘薯块根的淀粉含量。  相似文献   

盐胁迫下高粱幼苗生长及其对耐盐性评价的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王海莲  刘宾  张华文  陈桂玲  秦岭  杨延兵  陈二影  管延安 《山东农业科学》2013,45(3):42-46

以糖度及其它农艺性状差异较大的6个高粱株系为材料,研究不同浓度盐胁迫处理7天和14天后高粱幼苗的苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重及干重的变化以及对苗期耐盐性鉴定评价的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高以及胁迫时间的延长幼苗生长受到的抑制增大,苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重和干重均随盐浓度的升高而降低。在0、50、100 mmol/L NaCl浓度下,处理7天和14天的苗高差异显著;当NaCl浓度大于150 mmol/L时,各浓度间苗高均没有显著差异。处理14天后,50 mmol/L和100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L和200 mmol/L两个浓度间的苗鲜重、饱和鲜重及干重无显著差异,其它各浓度间差异显著。在4个盐浓度中,苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重和干重的相关性均达显著性水平,但是仅在100 mmol/L和150 mmol/L浓度下,耐盐级别与盐害指数呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

甘肃高寒牧区多年生豆科牧草混播草地效益评价     

高占琪  张榕  张建福 《草业与畜牧》2013,(6):29-32

2006～2007年在合作市那吾乡格河自然村和舟曲自然村,进行甘肃红豆草和阿尔冈金苜蓿人工草地混播研究,结果表明：在高寒地区红豆草和苜蓿的混播不宜作为收种草地利用,但作为收草利用是一种较好的混播模式.在播种第二年混播草地干草产量达15 359kg/hm2,高出当地燕麦1.76倍,新增产值达15 773元/公顷,比当地燕麦高3.15倍;第一茬干草含粗蛋白18.12％,第二茬含粗蛋白16.39％,共增产粗蛋白2 843.51kg/hm2,是种植燕麦的2.8倍,效益极为显著.  相似文献   

不同播期、种植密度对新高粱3号产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

董世磊  曹禹  孙娜  崔新菊 《辽宁农业科学》2013,(6):22-25

以新高粱3号为材料,通过不同播期和种植密度对其产量及其构成因子的研究,探讨新疆伊犁河谷地区新高粱3号的最适播期和种植密度。结果表明,5月5日前后播种,12万株/hm2的播种密度较为适宜。  相似文献   

Analysis of Successive Internode Growth in Sweet Sorghum Using Leaf Number as a Plant Age Indicator     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):299-306

Abstract

In sweet sorghum, which is a potential biomass crop, the diameter of internode is an important component of stem yield. However, the thickening of successive internodes is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the thickening of successive internodes using the age indicated by the leaf number on the main stem (AL) as a time scale. Furthermore, the relationship between the elongating and thickening period of successive internodes along the stem was analyzed. Internodes were collected from AL3, when the 3rd leaf had just expanded above the 2nd leaf sheath, to AL17, and at 9 weeks after heading as final harvest. Although the internode thickening patterns based on AL could not be combined into one or a few patterns, a significant correlation (P<0.001) was found between internode position and AL at which the internodes were thickening, suggesting that a regularity of internode thickening existed among successive internodes. The higher the internode position, the longer the first half of the thickening period (from 15% to 50% of thickening), whereas the period of the second half (50%–85% thickening) was constant irrespective of internode position. These results suggest that the degree of the elongation and thickening of successive internodes can be estimated by using AL.  相似文献   

Reduction of Phosphatic and Potash Fertilizer in Sweet Corn Production by Pre-transplanting Application of Potassium Phosphate to Plug Seedlings     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):608-616

Abstract

To develop a new fertilizing system with a reduced amount of phosphatic fertilizer in sweet corn production, we applied potassium phosphate to the plug seedlings before transplanting to the field, and examined its effects on growth, yield, photosynthetic activity and absorption of minerals. The amount of phosphatic and potash fertilizers necessary to grow sweet corn could be reduced by the pre-transplanting KP application (PTKPA) to the plug seedlings. We considered the mechanisms involved in the reduction of P and K application rate by PTKPA as follows; 1) PTKPA increased the P content of plant, which accelerated the root establishment. 2) The advanced root establishment not only reduced the duration of water stress, but also increased absorption of the essential nutrients such as N and Mg. 3) Higher content of N and Mg led to higher chlorophyll content and possibly protein content, which activated photosynthesis during the early growth stage. 4) Improved photosynthetic activities increased NAR during the early growth stage. 5) This increase in NAR accelerated leaf expansion, increasing LAI. 6) Larger LAI during the early growth stage led to larger LAI throughout the growing stage, resulting in a higher CGR and ear yield.  相似文献   

Internode Characteristics of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) during Dry and Rainy Seasons in Indonesia     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):601-607

Abstract

We have studied establishment of cultivation technique of sweet sorghum for monosodium glutamate (MSG) production on dry land in Indonesia, where the supply of raw materials has become restrictive recently. Previously, we confirmed the feasibility of cultivation in this area during the rainy season. Meanwhile, cultivation during the dry season is also important because vast expanses of heretofore unirrigated fields have remained unused. The stem, which comprises internodes, is the main product of sweet sorghum used as a raw material by fermentation industries. This study analyzes differences in growth and yielding ability between dry and rainy seasons by comparing internode characteristics. A sweet sorghum cultivar – Wray – was cultivated in the rainy season from 1995 and in the dry season of 1996 in Madura Island of East Java, Indonesia. Stems of sweet sorghum cultivated during the dry season were shorter and lighter, with two fewer elongated internodes than those of plants raised during the rainy season. They accumulated sugar slower and to a lower peak, but they were inferred to be harvestable for a relatively long period during 30–60 days after anthesis. Through research of internode characteristics, the difference in stem length was inferred to result from differences in internode numbers (25%) and in individual internode length (75%). The difference in weight seemed to result mainly from the fewer elongated internodes. Further experiments must explore the cultivation period (sowing and ratoon crop), varieties, and planting density to establish a sweet-sorghum cultivation technique that is suitable for the dry season.  相似文献   

浅议青海省饲用植物种质资源     

慈建勋  陆福根 《青海草业》2013,22(1):22-25

青藏高原是世界上高寒类牧草的物种资源库,许多野生牧草的抗寒、抗旱等抗逆基因和特殊种性是弥足珍贵的种质资源,而地处青藏高原的青海省在牧草种质资源保护和利用方面有着其独特的优势。青海省目前已收集整理入库的牧草种质资源有1548余份,其中禾本科1180份、豆科358份、其他科10余份。经选育出的8个多年生禾本科牧草品种和8个一年生饲草品种已成为高寒牧区适宜种植的当家品种。本文深入分析了青海省在饲草种质资源保护中存在的问题,提出了几个重要的保护和利用措施。指出在保护和利用优良牧草种质资源的同时,深入研究和合理开发利用是十分必要的。  相似文献   

山区甜玉米和四季豆轮作栽培技术     

程春涛 《福建农业科技》2013,(10):31-32

春季甜玉米和四季豆轮作高效栽培模式适宜在海拔500 m左右的浙西南山区推广,具有较高的种植效益.总结该模式的高效栽培技术.  相似文献   

Incidence and geographical distribution of downy mildew on maize caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi in Nigeria     

O. M. Olanya  J. M. Fajemisin  P. Oyekan 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):28-34

Abstract

Incidence and geographical distribution of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) on maize (Zea mays) were determined in a systematic survey of 181 maize fields in the major maize‐growing regions and ecological zones of Nigeria. Downy mildew was observed in the forest and Guinea savanna ecologies, but no disease was detected in other ecologies. Highest levels of disease incidence (63%) were observed in the forest zone, and progressively less disease incidence was found at the southern and northern Guinea savanna zones. Spatial pattern analysis indicated an aggregation and randomness of infected plants in the northern Guinea savanna and the forest zone, respectively. Disease incidence was positively correlated with the presence of downy mildew infected sorghum plants and relative amount of sporulation on infected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) but negatively correlated with plant age and cropping pattern. Relative sporulation on maize plants was negatively correlated with age of maize plants. Higher levels of disease incidence were observed when the previous crop was either maize or sorghum than when previous crops were cassava, okra, tomatoes, or rice.  相似文献