芝麻品种主成分分析和遗传距离测定及其在杂交育种中的应用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

卫文星  张红 《华北农学报》1994,9(3):29-33

对３１个芝麻品种进行了主成分分析及遗传距离测定和聚类分析，结果表明，３１个品种可分为１４类，在类群间（Ｄ＾２≥１２．５０）组配组合是有效的，类群内组配不利于遗传多样性和优良变异材料的选育。地理远缘品种在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘品种由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。  相似文献   

播种方式对不同类型小麦品种产量性状的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

赵虹  杨兆生  闫素红  王俊娟  陈长海  梁文科  戚廷香 《华北农学报》2000,15(2):100-105

在不同种植方式下,对豫麦１８号、豫麦２１号、豫麦４９号、９３中６等４个不同类型小麦品种的产量构成因素进行了研究。结果表明,等行距与宽窄行之间产量无明显差异,低播量、高播量下差异均达极显著水平。叶面积系数从开花到乳熟都呈下降趋势,只有９３中６呈上升趋势,豫麦２１号、豫麦４９号、豫麦１８号间无差异。豫麦１８号灌浆速度最快,豫麦２１号最慢,豫麦４９号和９３中６相比,前者前期灌浆快,后者一期灌浆快,９３中６硝酸还原酶活性最高。豫麦１８号次之,豫麦２１号第３,豫麦４９号最低。  相似文献   

云南普洱茶感官品质与内含成份关系研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

何青元  张亚萍  王平盛 《中国农学通报》2009,25(11):38-41

在云南不同地区选择具有一定生产规模的5家云南普洱茶生产企业,到厂现场进行普洱饼茶随机取样,共取样6个;在云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所进行感官审评,在云南农业大学普洱茶学院进行内含成份分析,研究云南普洱茶感官品质与内含成份的关系,为云南普洱茶的规范生产和持续健康发展提供参考。结果表明：水浸出物含量的高低直接影响普洱茶的品质,并与普洱茶的汤色、浓度、滋味密切相关;茶多酚含量相对较高的茶样其感官品质均高于茶多酚含量相对较低的茶样;咖啡碱含量和糖类物质含量对云南普洱茶的感官品质的影响不是主要因子,但可以适度增进云南普洱茶的内质。  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance at late growth stage in barley     

Dawei Xue  Youzong Huang  Xiaoqi Zhang  Kang Wei  Sharon Westcott  Chengdao Li  Mingcan Chen  Guoping Zhang  Reg Lance 《Euphytica》2009,169(2):187-196

Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na⁺ (NA) and K⁺ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.  相似文献   

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Y. L. Li  Y. B. Dong  D. Q. Cui  Y. Z. Wang  Y. Y. Liu  M. G. Wei  X. H. Li 《Euphytica》2008,162(3):345-351

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.  相似文献   

干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对巨噬细胞活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余叶红  郭本恒  吴正钧  王荫榆 《华北农学报》2008,23(Z2)

探讨干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响。以培养液单纯培养小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞作为对照,研究干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖对RAW264.7细胞代谢水平、吞噬中性红能力及释放NO的影响。不同浓度磷壁酸和肽聚糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞代谢MTT能力、吞噬中性红能力有明显增强作用,并呈一定的剂量效应,在相同质量浓度时,两种细胞壁组分激活巨噬细胞能力无显著差异。同时诱导产生NO量也随着浓度增大而增加,当浓度达到50μg/mL时,磷壁酸诱导能力显现出较高的水平。干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖能激活小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞,提高其代谢水平及吞噬能力,同时可诱导具有杀瘤作用的活性因子,并具有一定的剂量效应。  相似文献   

Genotypic and environmental variation in crop yield. A method of estimating the interdependence of the components of yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. C. Hardwick  D. J. Andrews 《Euphytica》1980,29(1):177-188

Summary Because yield components do not behave as independent attributes the conclusions derived from simple yield analyses are of limited value in plant breeding programmes. By calculating a function W of the variances and covariances of the yield components, it is possible to estimate, on a scale from 0 to 1, the degree to which the variations in yield components were independent of one another in any given experiment. By this approach examples of almost complete compensation among the components (W = 0), of mutual independence of the components (W = 0.5), and of additivity of the components (W = 1.0) have been discovered in original data and in the literature. Reasons, and possible applications for these findings are discussed. Investigations into the sampling properties of W are reported in an appendix.  相似文献   

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel     

A. Blum  G. Golan  J. Mayer  B. Sinmena  L. Shpiler  J. Burra 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):87-96

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.  相似文献   

Historical influences dominate the composition of regenerating plant communities in abandoned citrus groves in north-central Florida     

Graeme S. Cumming  Ann George 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(7):957-970

The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history. There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables, and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating agricultural areas.  相似文献   

巴厘菠萝果实发育期间香气成分的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张秀梅  杜丽清  孙光明  魏长宾  刘胜辉  谢江辉 《果树学报》2009,26(2)

采用顶空固相微萃取技术,研究巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及变化。结果表明,巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中共检测出48种成分,主要为酯类、烯烃,其中辛酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等成分是菠萝果实的重要香气成分,是菠萝成熟果实的特征香气。巴厘菠萝在果实发育不同阶段,各香气成分的相对含量变化较大。  相似文献