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71.
为筛选高效、安全的果桑菌核病防治药剂,通过田间试验对不同药剂组合模式的应用效果进行评价。结果表明,各防控区（处理1~处理4）于始花期、盛花期和花末期用药3~4次,经采果盛期多次调查防效均在93%以上;平均单枝果实数、健果率、单枝果实总重等品质指标均优于对照区（处理5）;桑果中的农药残留量符合国家规定的最大残留限量标准。建议秋冬季以石硫合剂封园,抓住防治适期选用50%啶酰菌胺WDG 1500倍液+50%异菌脲SC 1000倍液+75%肟菌·戊唑醇WDG 3500倍液的药剂组合进行防控,其他处理的防控模式可作为替换方法进行轮换使用,避免或减缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
72.
Powdery mildew of mango, incited by the fungus Pseudoidium anacardii (F. Noack) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook 2012 (formerly known as Oidium mangiferae Berthet), is one of the most common, widespread and serious diseases throughout the world and causes significant yield losses. Symptomatology, biology, and etiology of powdery mildew and its control through fungicides have not been widely studied, and substantial information is still required on the inoculum potential, growth models and epidemiological parameters of powdery mildew, influence of changing climate, impact of extensive use of fungicides and disease resistance. These critical factors may influence the development and emergence of diverse isolates of O. mangiferae including fungicide-resistant strains. Mango varieties differ slightly in their reaction to powdery mildew but a source of resistance has not been identified. In view of the increasing demands of mangoes in the world, control of powdery mildew is gaining importance. The present review treats briefly different aspects of powdery mildew disease with major emphasis on its ecology, pathology, epidemiology and management. Some new approaches such as biological control, integrated management strategies and some other aspects which have not been highlighted in former reviews, are also discussed. 相似文献
73.
Within the last decade, there has been an increase in attacks on sugarcane in Chad by the fungus-growing termite Ancistrotermes guineensis Silvestri, with yield losses reaching 25%. Management of termite populations through control of the symbiotic fungus, Termitomyces medius Heim, was investigated using systemic fungicides. Following pre-screening, four products (Bavistin, Calixin, Erpacide and Sumi 8) were selected for field experiments, which evaluated a range of parameters. The mortality rate of the fungal comb reached 30% with a corresponding 20% increase in sugarcane yield. 相似文献
74.
对锯叶棕苗期叶斑病病原菌(Calonectria pteridis)的生物学特性进行初步研究,结果表明:该病原菌菌丝生长适宜温度范围为28~30℃,适宜生长pH范围为5.0~6.0;分生孢子萌发最适温度为28℃,最适pH为5.5。菌丝对碳源的利用效果由高到低依次为D-木糖、D-果糖、蔗糖、D-葡萄糖、D-山梨醇、D-乳糖、D-麦芽糖和肌醇;对氮源的利用效率以草酸铵最高,明显优于其他氮源,而分生孢子的萌发受不同碳、氮源的影响较小。在室内采用菌丝生长速率法,测定11种杀菌剂对菌丝生长的抑制作用,结果表明:50%多菌灵和70%甲基托布津的EC50值最小,分别为0.486 4和2.958 9 mg/L;而80%代森锌和15%三唑酮的EC50值最大,分别为130.160 3和159.737 9 mg/L,抑菌效果最差。 相似文献
75.
Summary A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three pesticides (a herbicide, Basalin, and two fungicides, Dithane M-45 and Bengard), separately or in combination, on jute rhizosphere microflora (total bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria, thiosulphate-oxidising bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi), N mineralisation, and thiosulphate oxidation in soil. The pesticide treatments had significantly different effects on the rhizosphere microflora and their activities, depending on the kind of pesticide, the mode of application (individually or in combination), and the stage of growth of the jute plants. Although the pesticides hindered growth in the early stages, later stages were not affected because the effects on the rhizosphere microflora subsided. In addition, the combination of the herbicide Basalin (a dinitroaniline compound) and the fungicide Bengard (a benzimidazole derivative) virtually cancelled out each other's effects. 相似文献
76.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献
77.
Hydraulic-fan cone, low-pressure fan and two-chamber cone nozzles were used at 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 bar (150, 300 and 600 kPa) to deliver 140, 200 and 3001 ha−1 respectively of a fungicide spray to control mildew and yellow rust in winter wheat. No significant differences in biological effect were obtained although fan nozzles deposited significantly more on the upper parts of the stems, and two-chamber cone nozzles deposited less on the flag leaf and on the upper part of the stems. Because of their higher deposit and more even distribution, fan nozzles should be preferred, operated at a pressure of 1.5–3 bar to deliver a spray volume of 140–190 lha−1 at 7 km h−1 and to obtain an acceptable biological effect. Higher pressure (6 bar) and volume rates gave no improvement in fungicide performance. Adding a surfactant or penetration oil did not change the volume median diameter or proportion of spray liquid in droplets < 150 μm. Less drift was found when using two-chamber cone nozzles at 3 bar than with flat-fan spray nozzles at 1.5 bar. It is concluded that the two-chamber cone nozzle is useful for fungicide application when drift must be avoided. 相似文献
78.
79.
[目的]筛选出防治水稻纹枯病的高效化学药剂。[方法]以水稻品种"冈优606"为试验对象,采用田间试验方法,测定了6种杀菌剂对水稻纹枯病的田间防治效果。[结果]25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂和50%己唑醇可湿性粉剂对水稻纹枯病均有较好的防治效果,防效分别达到87.15%和81.15%;40%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂、80%戊唑醇水分散粒剂和20%氟酰胺可湿性粉剂的防效均达到70%以上,防效较好;20%氟酰胺可湿性粉剂的防效为69.22%,防效最差。[结论]防治水稻纹枯病可以选用嘧菌酯等甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂和苯醚甲环唑、己唑醇等三唑类杀菌剂,可以采用药剂复配或轮换用药技术。 相似文献
80.