Exploring global irrigation patterns: A multilevel modelling approach   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kathleen Neumann  Elke Stehfest  Peter H. Verburg  Stefan Siebert  Christoph Müller  Tom Veldkamp 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(9):703-713

Globally, areas that are equipped for irrigation have almost doubled in size over the past 50 years and further expansions are expected for the future, to meet a growing food demand. For developing countries, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) expects these areas to be expanded by 40 million ha, by 2030. Knowledge about the constraints to irrigation and spatially explicit information about the potential for irrigation expansion, however, are lacking on a global scale. The objective of our study was to explain the global pattern of irrigated croplands and to identify cropping regions where irrigation is likely to be expanded. We accounted for biophysical determinants, such as humidity and slope, mainly at grid-cell level. Socio-economic and governance determinants, for example, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and control of corruption, were primarily considered on a country level, given the limitations in availability of sub-national data and the role of national level governance in irrigation decisions. To identify the variability of the determinants within these two spatial levels, we conducted a multilevel analysis. This is a method employing regression models that explicitly account for hierarchically structured data. Results show significant variability in terms of irrigation. While 56% of the global variance in irrigation occurs between countries, 44% occurs within countries. Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider biophysical, socio-economic and governance information for identifying cropland areas that are likely to be under irrigation. Under current conditions, conversion from rainfed to irrigated cropland is most likely in eastern China, northern Africa, and parts of the Mediterranean region.  相似文献   

高龄化背景下农村高龄老人照料困境解决途径探析     

张大勇  张彬瑜  冯帅 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(20)

从我国老人高龄化概况出发,介绍了我国农村高龄老人照料境况不佳的现状,分析了原因,并提出了国家解决农村高龄老人照料问题的对策。  相似文献   

Between Big Ideas and Daily Realities – The roles and perspectives of Danish municipal green space managers on public involvement in green space maintenance     

Julie Frøik Molin  Cecil C. Konijnendijk van den Bosch 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(3):553-561

Public involvement (PI) in green space maintenance activities has increased during the past decades. The various (potential) benefits of PI have been recognised. Denmark, however, has no established tradition for such activities, despite its well-established tradition of volunteering. Local authorities have traditionally been the sovereign entity within public green space management, reflecting a hierarchical mode of governance. Yet, an increased call for new forms of local democracy and for new governance modes has resulted in growing attention for PI practices. Hence more knowledge is needed, for example on ongoing changes in governance arrangements regarding municipal green space.This paper thus aims to gain insight into (a) current governance arrangements with respect to municipal green space maintenance as well as temporal changes in these and (b) the consequences of the former for governmental actors and municipal managers in particular. An analytical framework based on governance theory and the Policy Arrangement Approach was developed to meet these aims. Data was collected by means of selected semi-structured interviews with green space managers from ten Danish municipalities.Findings show that green space PI occurred in all ten municipalities and thus that governance arrangements had started to include non-government actors, signalling a possible shift to co-governance from more common hierarchical governance modes. Green space managers felt themselves often ill-prepared for new governance arrangements and PI, e.g. in terms of lack of training and expertise. They based themselves strongly on their own experiences and preferences. More responsibility had been allocated to citizens, but often only to a select group of those who were already organised and/or had good connections with local authorities (i.e. closed co-governance). Green space managers listed a number of benefits of PI, generally adhering to the prevailing discourse of more co-governance. However, they also noted a number of challenges, including discrepancies between current maintenance practices and more PI. These, as well as a wider understanding of changing governance arrangements in green space management and maintenance, need to be addressed in future research.  相似文献   

中美地方治理技术差异性比较:基于信息、合作与市场化技术视角     

戴昌桥 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(6):123-128

中美两国地方治理技术既有共性又有差异性。鉴于此,本文运用比较分析方法,从地方治理信息技术、合作技术、市场化技术视角对中美地方治理技术差异性进行比较分析。比较分析发现,美国地方治理信息技术、合作技术与市场化技术较成熟;中国地方治理信息技术、合作技术与市场化技术较不成熟,因此中国应辨证借鉴美国地方治理技术某些做法以进一步促进中国地方治理技术发展。  相似文献   

法定民间体育组织若干问题与发展对策探析——以广州市为例     

张雪芹  赖齐花  裴立新 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2013,(2):8-11

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法等,对广州市法定民间体育组织的成立概况、资金情况、内部治理、项目开展及评估、外部关系、影响因素等进行调查,在此基础上分析其存在问题,包括数量少,发展不平衡;成立条件过高;经费不足,来源渠道狭窄;内部治理不规范,自律性不足;评估不规范,监管不力;宣传、信息公布不到位,诚信度不高等。并提出发展对策,主要有：加强民间体育组织自身能力培养;政府提高重视,并正确引导;促进社会公民的参与;鼓励市场企业组织的支持等。从而为法定民间体育组织的发展提供参考。  相似文献   

后三峡时代巫山县旅游业的困境与出路     

胡帮勇 《黑龙江农业科学》2011,(5):95-98

巫山县是一个旅游大县,但不是旅游强县,巫山县拥有丰富的旅游资源,但旅游资源开发不够,接待能力不足,人才结构失调、过境游等一系列问题制约巫山旅游业的发展.针对巫山旅游业面临的问题,从发展交通、优化人才结构、充分发挥政府作用等多角度阐述了发展巫山旅游业的对策建议.  相似文献   

发展现代农业破析农业困境     

曹人琼  李朝芳 《北京农业》2011,(33):215

为了有效的破析我国在农业发展中面临的困境,适时加快现代农业的发展具有重要的意义,必须将发展现代农业作为一个社会焦点问题常抓不懈,进而促进国内农业生产水平的全面提高。  相似文献   

村干部领办型合作社的治理问题研究     

杨灿君  方宁 《安徽农业科学》2016,(18):232-234

当前合作社的发展普遍存在着内部治理机制不完善的问题,而良好的合作社治理结构,特别是其内部治理机制是合作社健康发展的关键。村干部领办型合作社是农民专业合作社的主要类型之一,通过对江苏省15家村干部领办性合作社的深入调研,发现合作社在治理过程中存在权威治理取代民主管理、关系信任取代民主监督、利益分配差序化取代平等化等治理问题,分析了问题产生的原因,提出相应的对策建议,以期完善合作社的内部治理机制,促进合作社的健康规范发展。  相似文献   

近20年农村宗族对农村社区治理影响研究述评   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

贾先文 《农学学报》2014,4(3):116-119

农村社区“聚族而居”的现实决定了宗族对社区治理必然会产生较大的影响。梳理近20年来有关农村宗族对农村社区治理影响相关研究,主要涉及到农村宗族治理农村社区的模式、农村宗族对农村社区治理的促进作用和消极影响、消除农村宗族对农村社区治理影响的对策等方面。虽然有关农村宗族对农村社区治理影响研究取得了巨大成就,但是,中国地域广阔,人口众多,宗族情况不一,难免有偏颇之处。不管怎样,正确对待宗族、合理运用宗族、逐渐消除其负面影响应该是研究者应该遵循的原则,以便促进农村社区有效治理。  相似文献   

高校辅导员队伍专业化发展的困境及提升路径          下载免费PDF全文

肖冰青修丽萍  吴晓凯 《现代农业研究》2019,(5):95-96

当前我国高等教育事业的高速发展中,对高校辅导员队伍的专业性要求也不断提高, 为有效促进高校辅导员队伍的专业化发展,文章便主要对当前面临的困境及其成因进行分析, 并对促进专业化发展的提升路径展开探讨。  相似文献