重金属Cd、Pb复合污染对植物生理生化和细胞结构影响的研究进展     

卢楠 《现代农业科技》2019,(8)

我国受重金属污染的土地面积广大,因采矿等造成的环境和土壤重金属污染问题日趋严重。因金属矿床形成特点及开采方式单一等原因,造成Cd、Pb居于重金属复合污染前列。通过总结单一Cd、Pb污染对植物生理生化特征的影响以及Cd、Pb复合污染对植物生理生化及细胞结构的影响等研究进展,明晰土壤重金属Cd、Pb复合污染对植物影响和损害的研究热点,进而探明植物重金属胁迫的生理响应机制。  相似文献   

重型轮式拖拉机燃油箱设计要点     

王炜  张学谦  王琳  王兴伟  赵景超 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2020,(2):41-44,47

重型轮式拖拉机通常采用滚塑燃油箱,能充分利用拖拉机侧方的空间,增大燃油箱容积,满足此种拖拉机农忙时较长时间工作的要求。燃油箱外形必须根据拖拉机整机结构和燃油箱周边零件外形进行设计,外形设计还需要考虑燃油箱自身强度和热膨胀的因素。加油口、通气孔、联通口和转角设计等设计细节也决定着燃油箱的设计质量。  相似文献   

广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)     

黄雁飞  陈桂芬  黄玉溢  刘永贤  潘丽萍  熊柳梅 《农业科学与技术》2017,18(8)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析     

王艳妮  王仁杰  姜令绪  李玉全  宋希云 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(4):293-295

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。  相似文献   

锰胁迫下鸡眼草的富集特征及生理响应     

李欣航  肖泽华  匡雪韶  王悟敏  罗亮宇  刘文胜 《草业学报》2021,30(7):139-147

为探明植物对锰胁迫的耐受性机制,以采自重金属污染区与非污染区的鸡眼草为试验材料,在不同锰浓度胁迫下［0 （对照）、1000、5000、10000、15000、20000 μmol·L^-1］ 开展盆栽试验,比较研究锰胁迫对两种来源鸡眼草表型、生理生化特性及锰积累特征的影响。结果表明：随着锰浓度的升高,1） 两种来源鸡眼草的根干重、芽干重、根冠比均呈降低的趋势;当锰浓度达5000~20000 μmol·L^-1时,与对照相比,污染区、非污染区鸡眼草的芽干重分别下降4.34%~27.71%与16.33%~49.77%,根干重分别下降19.00%~66.06%与27.90%~77.54%,污染区下降幅度均较非污染区的小;2） 两种来源鸡眼草的叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性均呈先升后降的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量则逐渐升高;3） 两种来源鸡眼草根、茎、叶的锰含量均增加;锰浓度为20000 μmol·L^-1时,污染区和非污染区鸡眼草的叶锰含量分别为对照的16.53和13.41倍。因此,污染区鸡眼草锰耐受能力及富集能力均较非污染区鸡眼草高,较高的抗氧化酶活性是其耐受高锰胁迫的重要生理机制。  相似文献   

灰铸铁生产技术的一些新进展     

刘伟明  任凤章  李锋军 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2005,(6):1-4

对灰铸铁的研究现状和生产中的一些新技术做了评述。重点介绍了高强度薄壁灰铸铁的生产现状以及先进的制造工艺和先进的制造手段在灰铸铁生产中应用所取得的技术成果。  相似文献   

Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost     

Esawy Mahmoud  Nasser Abd El‐Kader 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(8):819-824

The application of soil amendments to immobilize heavy metals is a promising technology to meet the requirements for environmentally sound and cost‐effective remediation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the result of phosphogypsum (PG) used alone and in combination with compost (CP) at a mix ratio of 1:1 wet weight ratio (PG + CP) at 10 and 20 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil, on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soil and on canola growth. The results revealed that the Pb, Cd and Zn uptake of canola plants was reduced by the application of PG alone and when it was mixed with CP as compared with untreated soil. At an application rate of 10 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil of (PG + CP) the dry weight of canola plants increased by 66·8% was increased in comparison with its weight in the untreated soil. The addition of PG alone resulted in more pronounced immobilization of heavy metal as compared with PG mixed with CP. Plant growth was improved with CP addition, but heavy metals immobilization was the greatest in PG alone treatments. Results suggest that PG may be useful for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application and mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases     

Yuanbo Li  Peng Zhang  Mingshu Li  Noman Shakoor  Muhammad Adeel  Pingfan Zhou  Manlin Guo  Yaqi Jiang  Weichen Zhao  BenZhen Lou  Yukui Rui 《Pest management science》2023,79(1):21-36

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal-based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

不同熔化速率下的电渣重熔过程数值模拟分析     

贺铸  蔡辉  刘双  王强  李宝宽 《保鲜与加工》2015,(5):104-111

电渣重熔能提高钢锭的质量,从而满足特种行业的需要,其过程伴随着复杂的物理现象,存在着磁流体流动、传热和传质以及电化学等多方面的影响。通过耦合电磁以及流动和温度方程对电渣重熔过程的三维瞬态进行了数学模拟,研究了熔化速率对重熔过程的影响。结果表明：电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力都随着熔化速率的增大而增大,当熔化速率由14.4 kg/h增加到27.0kg/h,电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力最大值的增大比例超过100%。随着熔化速率的增大,温度最大值有小幅的增加,而且速度最大值的增大幅度接近50%;金属熔池深度则由27 mm增大到38 mm,不利于保证铸坯的质量。  相似文献   

Current Status of DIMOX in Synthesizing Al/Al2O3 by Aluminum Alloy     

ZHOU Zheng 《保鲜与加工》2002,(6):139-142

The processes, microstructures, properties and mechanisms of DIMOX in synthesizing Al/Al 2O 3 by Al-Mg-Si alloy are reviewed and their problems are considered mainly as following:non_homogeneous oxidation growth of Al/Al 2O 3 at the surface of melts and the porosity of Al/Al 2O 3 limites structural application of Al/Al 2O 3 composite. The mechanisms and models of microchannel,magnesium action,silicon action,and induction are outlined. Several problems which need to be noticed are pointed out,which are diffusion and transfer of oxygen in aluminium melts;the role of MgO and MgAl 2O 4 at outer layer;the reaction feature of solid_gas in the oxidation microstructures of Al_Mg_Si alloy;SiO 2 induction mechanism of silicon and its correlation with the mechanism of magnesium action in Al_Mg_Si alloy.  相似文献