Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp     

ZHAO Qian  CHEN Yu-chun  GAO Xu-na  GUO Ting-ting  WANG Bing  GU Wei 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(3):724-731

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.  相似文献   

Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Eric J. Gustafson  George R. Parker 《Landscape Ecology》1992,7(2):101-110

Recent studies have related percolation theory and critical phenomena to the spatial pattern of landscapes. We generated simulated landscapes of forest and non-forest landcover to investigate the relationship between the proportion of forest (P_i) and indices of patch spatial pattern. One set of landscapes was generated by randomly assigning each pixel independently of other pixels, and a second set was generated by randomly assigning rectilinear clumps of pixels. Indices of spatial pattern were calculated and plotted against P_i. The random-clump landscapes were also compared with real agricultural landscapes. The results support the use of percolation models as neutral models in landscape ecology, and the performance of the indices studied with these neutral models can be used to help interpret those indices calculated for real landscapes.  相似文献   

小麦高产经济施肥技术指标和参数     

李丙申  丁春国 《华北农学报》1992,7(4):68-72

通过1986～1990年间80多个田间小麦肥效试验,研究了石家庄地区小麦生产进入高产阶段后不同肥力土壤上小麦肥效曲线方程、高产经济施肥指标。结果表明,不同肥力麦田的小麦高产经济施肥指标为:高肥力麦田亩施N11.1～13.8kg,P_2O_510.7～13.9kg,中肥力麦田亩施N12.6～15.2kg,P_2O_59.8～12.1kg;低肥力麦田亩施N13.3～15.5kg,P_2O_59.1～11.7kg。还研究了小麦目标产量施肥法所需的三个施肥参数:(1)小麦百公斤产量养分吸收量,空白区平均为:N2.32kg,P_2O_51.05kg,K_2O2.72kg;施肥区平均为:N2.82kg,P_2_51.03kg,K_2O_3.15kg。(2)土壤速效磷和碱解氮的校正系数(C_P、C_N)分别为:C_P=0.41+4.01/P,C_N=0.28+0.035P。(3)氮、磷肥利用率(Z_N、Z_P)分别为:Z_N(％)=42.1-0.35P,Z_P(％)=27.6-1.20P(P为土壤速效磷含量)。  相似文献   

Estimating floristic integrity in tallgrass prairie     

John B. Taft  Christopher Hauser 《Biological conservation》2006,131(1):42-51

Indices are needed in habitat conservation and restoration to provide repeatable measures relevant to conservation goals. A monitoring and research program was established at Nachusa Grasslands in north-central Illinois (USA) to assess progress in tallgrass prairie restoration and reconstruction efforts and evaluate the effectiveness of indices used to measure community-level properties related to vegetation integrity. Indices selected for comparison included standard diversity measures (e.g., Shannon-Weiner Index, Evenness, Species Richness) and indices developed specifically to estimate vegetation integrity. These latter indices included two unweighted diversity indices, the Species Richness Index and Native Richness Index, and two indices weighted by characteristics of species composition, the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and its component Mean Coefficient of Conservatism (Mean C). A coefficient of conservatism (CC) is an integer ranging from 0 to 10 assigned a priori to each taxon in a regional flora that estimates the fidelity of a species to natural areas (non-native and most ruderal species are assigned 0 or low values, respectively; species known primarily from natural areas are assigned higher values). All indices compared in this study were calculated using vegetation data collected from equal-sized sampling grids stratified across seven prairie units. The units included remnants and plantings representing a wide range of habitat quality. The FQI and Mean C explained the most variation among sites and were most effective at distinguishing recognized qualitative differences indicating they can be more informative than traditional species-diversity measures in assessing floristic integrity within community types. The FQI and Mean C are applicable to both quantitative ecological monitoring and plotless survey methods.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) nutrient imbalance by DRIS and CND-clr methods at two stages during early growth     

Przemysław Barłóg 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(1):1-16

High yield of sugar beet require adequate mineral nutrition. To be diagnosed across interacting nutrients using appropriate interpretation models, the plant must be sampled at a critical physiological stage. This study aimed to develop and validate norms at the 7-leaf and well-developed rosette stages, for diagnostic purposes using the Diagnosis and Recommended Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis based on centered log ratios (CND-clr). Data on nutrient concentrations and plant performance were obtained from 409 plots in West-Central Poland. With respect to the growth stages, for physiological and practical reasons, the 7-leaf stage is preferable for diagnostic purposes. At this growth stage, the high-yield subpopulation characterized by higher concentration of potassium and sodium compared to other nutrients. CND-clr indices were closely related to DRIS indices (R² > 0.93). The CND-clr indices, however, better explained the differences in the white sugar yield within the validated dataset than the DRIS indices.  相似文献   

Structure and diversity among rhizobial strains, populations and communities-a review     

A McInnes  J.E Thies  J.G Howieson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(8):1295-1308

Published studies of rhizobial populations, communities and other strain collections were analysed to identify trends in strain richness, strain dominance and genetic diversity within and between locations. For individual populations and communities, strain richness indices were calculated by dividing the number of strain types identified by the number of isolates recovered. Where possible, strain dominance (the proportion of rhizobial isolates represented by each strain type) was also calculated. Analysis of the genetic diversity of populations, communities and rhizobial strain collections originating from diverse legume hosts and locations, was confined to studies using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) so that diversity could be compared on the basis of published H values. Strain richness indices were highly variable (0.02-0.94) and were influenced by both the discriminatory power of the strain typing method and the type and number of legume species used to recover rhizobia from soil. The strain richness of populations recovered either directly from soil, or from the nodules of trap hosts inoculated with the same soil, was similar. Because the arithmetic relationship between the number of strain types and number of isolates varies between different populations and communities, strain richness curves are proposed as the most appropriate method for reporting rhizobial structural diversity. Comparison of over 50 rhizobial populations and communities from published studies showed that strain dominance patterns in nodules were often similar. Typically, a single strain type occupies more than 30% of nodules with the majority of strain types being recovered at low frequency (∼75% of published populations and communities). Rhizobial populations and communities characterised by MLEE varied in their genetic diversity, with H values ranging from 0.06 to 0.78. In several studies, most of the genetic diversity within a site could be recovered from the nodules of a single plant. When hierarchical analyses were performed on populations within and between sites, the genetic diversity within sites was similar to the genetic diversity between sites. Similarly, the genetic diversity of strain collections originating from multiple hosts and locations was no more diverse than some individual populations and communities. Strain richness and genetic diversity measures were not always correlated for rhizobial populations. Populations with low strain richness were sometimes genetically diverse, and the relationship between the diversity measures varied for different legume species at the same location. We suggest that both strain richness and genetic diversity measures are required to fully describe rhizobial population and community diversity.  相似文献   

采收期对龙眼果实品质和耐贮性的影响   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

林河通  陈绍军  席玙芳 《农业工程学报》2003,19(6):179-184

以福建省主栽龙眼品种油潭本果实为材料，研究采收期(从8月19日到9月12日每隔4 d采果一次)对龙眼果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：随着采收期的延迟和果实成熟度的提高(8月19日到9月8日采收)，龙眼果皮颜色由青褐色逐渐变成黄褐色，果实由近长圆球形逐渐变成扁圆球形，果实质量和大小逐渐增加，果皮逐渐变薄而果肉逐渐增厚，果肉可食率、营养品质和食用品质提高。但过熟的龙眼(9月12日采收)果皮变成灰褐色，果实品质下降。可用果皮颜色，果实质量和大小，果皮和果肉厚度，果肉可食率、可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C含量和固  相似文献   

DRIS norms and limiting nutrients in banana cultivation in the South of Ecuador     

Diego Villaseñor  Renato de Mello Prado  Gilmara Pereira da Silva  Manuel Carrillo  Wuellins Durango 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2785-2796

Abstract

Foliar analysis is an effective method to diagnose the nutritional status of plants. However, the mineral concentration in foliar tissue has traditionally been evaluated by assessing the activity of each element, without considering the interactions between them. To address this, dual interactions were calculated using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) to identify which crop nutrients are most influential in nutrient imbalances and which are the most limiting nutrients for the nutritional status of banana crops in Ecuador. To achieve this, a regional survey of the nutritional status and its productivity levels was conducted for 188 different sites during the crop season in 2017–2018, involving banana cultivars ‘Vallery’ and ‘Williams’, from the Cavendish subgroup. The DRIS calculation method was combined with Beaufils and Jones functions. From the initial 188 foliar samples, 83 samples (representing 44% of the population) were considered to represent the high-yield reference population, with yields of 38–60 t ha^?1. The DRIS method defined the mean nutritional balance index, which was not found to be statistically correlated (p?>?0.05) with productivity, revealing that there was no significant association with the nutritional status of the plants. Specific DRIS norms were obtained and indicated that deficiencies in K, N, Ca, and Fe, and excesses in Mn, B, Cl, Zn, S, Cu, and Mg were the most limiting nutrients for banana cultivars in the south of Ecuador.  相似文献   

NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对盐爪爪种子萌发过程中生理生化变化的研究     

代莉慧  蔡禄  张鲁刚  王立成  贾晋 《种子》2011,30(11)

以盐生植物盐爪爪种子为材料,比较不同浓度中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na2 CO3)胁迫对其种子萌发过程中生理指标的影响.结果表明,0～100 mmol/L NaC1处理后盐爪爪萌发种子中丙二醛含量无显著变化,而0～100 mmol/L Na2CO3处理后丙二醛含量显著升高;NaCl处理的萌发种子中可溶性糖变化较平稳且呈现上升趋势,Na2CO3处理的种子可溶性糖先升高后降低;0～ 100 mmol/L NaCl处理后盐爪爪萌发种子中脯氨酸含量基本保持不变,而0～100 mmol/L Na2CO3处理后脯氨酸含量急剧上升;NaCl处理后可溶性蛋白上升幅度大于Na2CO3处理后上升幅度,二者的差异达到极显著水平.研究发现,盐爪爪种子萌发对于低浓度中性盐(NaCl)胁迫具有较强的耐性和抗性,而在碱性盐(Na2CO3)的胁迫下其萌芽受到一定的抑制.  相似文献   

装烟密度对密集烘烤过程中烟叶主要生理指标的影响   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11  

王松峰  王爱华  宋朝鹏  王卫峰  李少鹏  宫长荣 《河南农业科学》2005,(5):21-25

采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿自控密集烤箱,对不同装烟密度和变黄温度下烟叶的淀粉酶、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AAO)及叶绿素的动态变化作了探索性研究。结果表明:整个烘烤过程中,装烟密度为5 5～6 5kg/m3的处理烟叶淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性相对较高,叶绿素含量最低  相似文献