转基因抗除草剂油菜对春油菜田间昆虫群落的影响     

王满囷  张志春  方小平  张国安  叶大卫 《中国油料作物学报》2008,30(4):483-490

本文对转基因抗除草剂油菜品种、受体及当地常规品种田间昆虫多样性进行了调查。结果表明,不同品种间昆虫、害虫和天敌的物种数及个体数量之间存在极显著或显著差异;进一步分析表明,这种差异主要表现为转基因抗除草剂品种与受体品种之间的差异,而与当地的常规品种之间无显著差异。群落特征值群落丰富度、多样性指数在油菜的苗期及抽薹期,均以受体品种为最高;而在油菜的花期及结荚期,除花期的群落丰富度外,则以转基因抗除草剂的品种为最高。  相似文献   

Sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of Monochoria vaginalis generate higher ultraweak photon emissions than the susceptible ones     

Hidehiro Inagaki  Toshiyuki Imaizumi  Guang-Xi Wang  Tohru Tominaga  Kimihiko Kato  Hiroyuki Iyozumi  Hideki Nukui 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):117-120

All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emission from organisms as a novel indicator in nondestructive analyses of an organisms living state. This study indicates that ultraweak photon emissions from Monochoria vaginalis are different between resistant biotypes (R) to sulfonylurea (SU) and susceptible biotypes (S). In SU-R biotypes, distinct increases in photon emissions were observed, but there was little increase in SU-S biotypes. In addition, photon emissions from the resistant biotypes of M. vaginalis were suppressed by treatment with P450 inhibitors. This suggests that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which plays a crucial role in the metabolic detoxification of SUs, could be associated with the generation of ultraweak photon emissions. Ultraweak photon emissions have a potential use in a novel diagnosis system as an indicator in a nondestructive testing of weeds resistant to SUs.  相似文献   

谷子田除草剂除草试验初报   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张海金 《河北农业科学》2008,12(2):58-59

进行了谷子田除草剂除草试验。结果表明：播后苗前施药,44％谷友可湿性粉剂除草效果较好,总防效85．99％。苗后施药,56％2甲4绿钠可湿性粉剂对阔叶杂草的防效较好,总防效达92．14％,但对禾本科杂草的防效较差,总防效为-29．7％。  相似文献   

Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection     

Stefan Patzold  Franz Michael Mertens  Ludger Bornemann  Britta Koleczek  Jonas Franke  Hannes Feilhauer  Gerhard Welp 《Precision Agriculture》2008,9(6):367-390

Crop protection seldom takes into account soil heterogeneity at the field scale. Yet, variable site characteristics affect the incidence of pests as well as the efficacy and fate of pesticides in soil. This article reviews crucial starting points for incorporating soil information into precision crop protection (PCP). At present, the lack of adequate field maps is a major drawback. Conventional soil analyses are too expensive to capture soil heterogeneity at the field scale with the required spatial resolution. Therefore, we discuss alternative procedures exemplified by our own results concerning (i) minimally and non-invasive sensor techniques for the estimation of soil properties, (ii) the evidence of soil heterogeneity with respect to PCP, and (iii) current possibilities for incorporation of high resolution soil information into crop protection decisions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture are extremely interesting for PCP. Their determination with minimally invasive techniques requires the sampling of soils, because the sensors must be used in the laboratory. However, this technique delivers precise information at low cost. We accurately determined SOC in the near-infrared. In the mid-infrared, texture and lime content were also exactly quantified. Non-invasive sensors require less effort. The airborne HyMap sensor was suitable for the detection of variability in SOC at high resolution, thus promising further progress regarding SOC data acquisition from bare soil. The apparent electrical conductivity as measured by an EM38 sensor was shown to be a suitable proxy for soil texture and layering. A survey of arable fields near Bonn (Germany) revealed widespread within-field heterogeneity of texture-related ECa, SOC and other characteristics. Maps of herbicide sorption and application rate were derived from sensor data, showing that optimal herbicide dosage is strongly governed by soil variability. A phytoassay with isoproturon confirmed the reliability of spatially varied herbicide application rates. Mapping areas with an enhanced leaching risk within fields allows them to be kept free of pesticides with related regulatory restrictions. We conclude that the use of information on soil heterogeneity within the concept of PCP is beneficial, both economically and ecologically.  相似文献   

Tolerance of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to saflufenacil     

Peter H. Sikkema  Christy Shropshire  Nader Soltani   《Crop Protection》2008,27(12):1495-1497

Saflufenacil is a new herbicide being developed by BASF for pre-emergence application for broadleaved weed control in maize and other crops. Three field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada over a 2-year period (2006 and 2007) to evaluate the tolerance of spring cereals (barley, oats, and wheat) to pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of saflufenacil at 50 and 100 g ai ha⁻¹. Saflufenacil pre-emergence caused minimal visible injury (1% or less) at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after emergence and had no adverse effect on plant height or yield of barley, oats, and wheat. Saflufenacil plus the surfactant Merge (1% v/v) applied post-emergence caused as much as 76, 60, 52 and 35% visible injury in spring cereals at 3, 7, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Injury with saflufenacil plus Merge applied post-emergence decreased over time and was generally greater as dose increased. Saflufenacil plus Merge applied post-emergence reduced plant height by as much as 16% and reduced yield of spring barley and wheat by 24 and 13%, respectively, but had no effect on the yield of spring oats. Based on these results, saflufenacil applied pre-emergence at the proposed dose can be safely used in spring planted barley, oats and wheat; however, the post-emergence application of saflufenacil results in unacceptable injury and yield loss. These results are consistent with the proposed pre-emergence use pattern for saflufenacil.  相似文献   

The role and value of eastern star clover in managing herbicide-resistant crop weeds: A whole-farm analysis     

Lauren Gibson  Ross Kingwell  Graeme Doole 《Agricultural Systems》2008

In the broadacre dryland farming system of Western Australia herbicide resistance in major crop weeds is an increasingly serious problem. A new option to combat herbicide resistance involves growing eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum). This is a new pasture legume with a unique delayed germination that allows control of weeds using various chemical and non-chemical strategies, without unduly compromising the pasture’s subsequent production. This study assesses the role and value of eastern star clover in managing herbicide-resistant weeds on various farms. The study employs the farming system model known as MIDAS, a whole-farm, bioeconomic model. Key scenarios of different degrees of severity of herbicide resistance for three farm types are examined. The main findings of the analysis are that as the severity of herbicide resistance increases, eastern star clover becomes an increasingly attractive option. Although the introduction of eastern star clover does reduce a farm’s capacity to carry sheep, and thereby lessens profits generated by the sheep enterprise, it enables longer, more profitable sequences of crops to be grown with fewer weed problems. Sensitivity analysis suggests that reduced cost of eastern star clover seed, cheap supplementary feed, and higher grain prices will further increase the profitability of eastern star clover.  相似文献   

抗除草剂基因基因枪法转化粳稻的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王景余  金成海  方秀琴  林秀峰  林秀云 《吉林农业科学》2005,30(2):3-6

优化了粳稻的组织培养体系;通过Gus基因的瞬间表达研究,明确了以DNA金弹到靶细胞距离为9cm,轰击2次时,PDS1000/He基因枪法转化水稻胚性愈伤组织的效率最高。应用基因枪法将抗除草剂基因(bar)转入吉林省主栽的水稻品种长白8号中,获得了可育的转基因水稻植株。经过Gus基因的组织化学分析,PCR和Southern杂交检测,证明抗除草剂基因已整合到水稻基因组中得以表达,使水稻产生对除草剂的抗性。转基因水稻中发现一例基因沉默现象。  相似文献   

除草剂对高油大豆产量及品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王克勤 《中国农学通报》2005,21(11):311-311

研究了不同除草剂品种和剂量对高油大豆产量及品质的影响,结果表明：正常药剂剂量下,乙草胺、豆磺隆、普施特、虎威和拿捕净5种除草剂对黑农37、黑农41、黑农44和黑农45 四个高油大豆品种的株高、油分含量、蛋白质含量的影响没有达到显著水平,对高油大豆的产量影响达极显著水平,普施特对高油大豆产量的影响极显著地高于其它药剂的影响;倍量药剂剂量下,上述5种除草剂对4个高油大豆品种的油分含量和蛋白含量的影响未达到显著水平,对株高、产量的影响达极显著水平,且品种和药剂的互作在产量性状上也达极显著水平。倍量施用普施特对高油  相似文献   

虎威及其混剂防除大豆田阔叶杂草试验效果初报     

朴英 《中国农学通报》2006,22(5):374-374

（黑龙江省农科院合江农科所,佳木斯 154007）  相似文献   

肇东苜蓿除草剂安全性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛勇  吴玉德  李春丰  朱广石 《中国农学通报》2006,22(12):342-342

【研究目的】探讨研究除草剂对肇东苜蓿耐药性的影响,可筛选出对苜蓿无药害的除草剂品种和使用方法。【方法】通过小区试验,在苜蓿分枝期对各除草剂处理苗情和草情进行观察记载。【结果】对苜蓿无药害的药剂处理有75%阔叶散播后苗前喷雾、5%金普施特苗后2~4叶期喷雾、4%金豆苗后2~4叶期喷雾、10%利收苗后2~4叶期喷雾。【结论】苜蓿无药害的除草剂品种和使用方法推荐5%金普施特播后苗前和苗后2~4叶期喷雾。  相似文献