An integrated modelling toolbox for water resources assessment and management in highland catchments: Model description     

R.A. Letcher  B.F.W. Croke  A.J. Jakeman  W.S. Merritt 《Agricultural Systems》2006

Water and land resource competition and environmental degradation pose difficult questions for resource managers. In particular, the ensuing trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social factors and their spatiotemporal variability must be considered when implementing management policies. This paper describes an integrated modelling toolbox that has been developed for highland catchments – specifically the Mae Chaem catchment in Northern Thailand. This toolbox contains models of crop growth, erosion and rainfall-runoff, as well as household decision and socioeconomic impact models. The approach described advances and complements previous approaches by: considering more complex interactions between land-use decisions and the hydrological cycle; modelling household decisions based on uncertain expectations; and assessing impacts of changes not only on flows and household income, but also on subsistence production and erosion. An example of the types of trade-offs and scenarios that can be assessed using the integrated modelling toolbox is also presented. This demonstrates that for the scenarios presented, the magnitude and direction of impacts simulated by the model is not dependent on climate. Further testing of the model is demonstrated in a companion paper. Overall, the plausibility of the model is shown.  相似文献   

排灌企业货币资金内部控制探讨     

张开华 《排灌机械》2006,24(3):45-47

分析了排灌企业加强货币资金内部控制的必要性．提出了排灌企业加强货币资金内部控制的目标和主要方法．第一，建立严格的货币资金管理制度，着重对于现金和银行存款日常收支过程中最有可能出现的漏洞提出防范措施．第二，建立严格的岗位分工制度，强调经办货币资金收付的不相容各岗位分离，形成相互牵制．第三，建立严格的授权、审批制度．第四，建立严格的会计电算化内控制度，明确会计主管、系统管理员、凭证录入人员的职责权限．  相似文献   

水泵水轮机流动可视化图像解析系     

王玲花  高传昌  陈德新  任岩 《中国农村水利水电》2006,(1):96-98

主要介绍了自行开发的水泵水轮机流动可视化图像的解析原理，并就示踪物的追踪与最佳相关域的确定问题进行了深入的分析，介绍了图像解析的程序设计的思想与功能。试验与计算结果表明本套软件适合于旋转的流体机械的流场图像的解析计算。  相似文献   

Introduction of Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) in Indonesia: Institutional development in action for resources management     

Jan L. M. H. Gerards 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1992,6(3):223-247

The inability to properly maintain irrigation systems over time forced the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to seek cost recovery from water users through introduction of an irrigation service fee. The plan is to introduce this fee in all of the technical irrigation systems of Indonesia, covering about 4 million hectares, over a 12 year period. Design and Introduction of this service fee in 4 pilot areas of the 4 major rice producing provinces (West, Central and East Java, and South Sulawesi) during 1989–1991 has shown that users are willing to pay. Results of first ISF collection from over 11,000 farmers in Central and East Java in pilot systems was an encouraging 95%. However that acceptance to pay by users depends on their structured and systematic involvement in defining systems needs. They need to understand a differentiation in payment if service levels are different. They appreciate use of collected funds in the system where collected. They understand the organization of water users associations but this requires their active role in fee determination and collection. They understand the establishment of federations of these associations. ISF requires also active involvement of Local Government officials as facilitators and intermediaries between service receivers (the water users) and service providers (personnel of the Public Works irrigation department) in the introduction period. This article describes the experience of the first 21 months of the ISF project, the concept developed, the principles used as basis for ISF, the introduction at the field level, issues related to acceptance by users and by the institutions involved, and the first results.Abbreviations/Acronyms DGWRD Directorate General of Water Resources Development (Ministry of Public Works) - EOM Efficient Operation and Maintenance - Gabungan group of WUAs - IPAIR Indonesian abbreviation for ISF - ISF Irrigation Service Fee - Juru gate keeper - PBB land tax on irrigated lands - PPL agricultural field extension agent - P3A Indonesian abbreviation for Water Users Associations - PU Indonesian abbreviation for Public Works - SM Special Maintenance - WUA Water Users Associations  相似文献   

基于最大疑似度概率统计的不确定性网上故障诊断   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

辛惠娟  钱东平  张少轩  赵睿明 《农机化研究》2007,(2):207-209

针对汽车发动机异响类故障是故障诊断的难点,应用"基于最大疑似度的概率统计"法对汽车发动机的异响类不确定性故障进行了推理诊断,并用更新知识库的方法实现了对电脑常见故障现象的故障诊断,推理结果与实际情况基本一致,证明"基于最大疑似度的概率统计"法应用于不确定性故障诊断科学有效.  相似文献   

机械设备等间距大修费的季节周期预测法     

李晓勤  王福林 《农机化研究》2004,(5):96-97,100

根据机械设备等间距大修的特点。研究提出适用于该类机械设备维修费预测的新方法，即季节周期预测法。示例计算表明，运用此法对等间距大修维修费进行预测，具有较高的精度。  相似文献   

不同沙棘品种在定西的生长情况对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张金昌  赵金华  孛永明 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2004,2(1):33-37

通过对引进的7个沙棘品种的种子育苗及成苗定植，并对成活率、保存率、生长情况进行了观测，初步分析了引进的各沙棘品种类型在定西的适应性。  相似文献   

水平圆盘精密排种器新型推刮种器   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

廖庆喜  高焕文  舒彩霞 《农业机械学报》2004,35(1):60-64

从水平圆盘精密排种器的工作原理出发，分析了现有推刮种器影响排种精度和导致种子破碎的原因，设计了新型滚珠式推刮种器。台架和田间试验结果表明，设计的推刮种器能降低种子破碎率并提高排种性能指标。  相似文献   

关于等离子体种子处理技术的田间试验研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

李社潮  姚淑先  孙锐  于亚珍 《中国农机化》2006,(1):74-76

本文阐述了等离子体种子处理技术机理,设计了田间试验示范操作规程,分析了试验工作特点,评述了实际成效,阐明了技术推广前景。  相似文献   

分布式温室智能控制系统智能控制器设计与实现   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨卫中  王一鸣  李海健 《农机化研究》2006,(2):137-140

针对当前国内温室自动控制智能化程度不高和扩展性差的问题,开发了分布式温室智能控制系统。该系统借鉴现场总线思想,将分布式系统中过程控制级分解为智能控制器级和智能模块级。设计并开发了处于系统中间层的温室智能控制器软硬件。该智能控制器具有双串行口,用于与上位机和智能模块通信。针对通信的开放性要求设计了通信协议。软件内含模糊控制算法,允许控制器脱离上位机独立控制温室;上位机根据气候等因素的变化随时更新控制器的模糊控制算法。经过1年多的实际运行显示,系统运行稳定可靠,环境参数控制精度满足温室生产要求,其中温度控制精度达±1℃。  相似文献