Eukaryotic communities associated with the decomposition of rice straw compost in a Japanese rice paddy field estimated by DGGE analysis     

Masashi?Hatamoto  Takanori?Tanahashi  Jun?Murase  Kazuo?Matsuya  Motoki?Hayashi  Makoto?Kimura  Susumu?AsakawaEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(3):527-532

To estimate the succession and phylogenetic composition of the eukaryotic communities responsible for the decomposition of rice straw compost under flooded conditions during the cultivation period of paddy rice, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis targeting 18S rDNA followed by sequencing was conducted in a Japanese paddy field. The eukaryotic communities in rice straw compost incorporated into the flooded paddy field were influenced by the mid-season drainage and mainly composed of fungi (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota) and protozoa (Ciliophora, Euglyphida, and Dactylopodida), most of which existed continuously during the cultivation period of paddy rice. The results indicated that these eukaryotic members were associated with the decomposition of rice straw compost in paddy field soil directly or indirectly.  相似文献   

Earthworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Metaphire guillelmi</Emphasis>) effects on rice photosynthates distribution in the plant–soil system     

Jianguang Yu  Feng Hu  Huixin Li  Chunyun Mi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(4):641-647

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) activities on rice photosynthates distribution in plant–soil system through ¹⁴C pulse-labelling method. Rice was planted in pots, and maize straw was mulched on the surface with or without earthworms. Rice plants at tillering stage or heading stage were labelled with ¹⁴CO₂. Plant and soil were sampled 15 days after labelling at the tillering or heading stage and at harvest. Rice growth was inhibited by earthworms (M. guillelmi) at early stage, but the inhibition disappeared at later stage. Earthworms significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after tillering stage labelling, but the effect disappeared at harvest. Earthworms (M. guillelmi) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after heading stage labelling and increased ¹⁴C percentage in soil at harvest. Earthworms decreased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C (TO¹⁴C) present as microbial biomass ¹⁴C (MB¹⁴C) and increased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C present as dissolved organic ¹⁴C (DO¹⁴C) at all sampling times. It is suggested that earthworms might alter the transfer of plant photosynthates from the aboveground to the belowground, and thus, soil active C pool. However, these data should be also confirmed in the field.  相似文献   

污染土壤上水稻生长及对Pb、Cd和As的吸收   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄德乾 《土壤》2008,40(4):626-629

通过温室盆栽试验研究了Pb、Cd和As于中国土壤环境质量标准III级水平(Pb:400 mg/kg;Cd:1.0 mg/kg:As:40 mg/kg)时对水稻在3种不同类型土壤上的生长和吸收Pb、Cd及As的影响.结果表明:在红壤上,As处理的稻谷产量显著降低,除Cd处理对稻谷产量影响不大外,其他处理也明显降低了水稻稻谷产量,且 Pb、Cd 的存在加重了As的毒性;对稻草产量只有Pb和Pb-Cd-As两个处理与对照有显著性差异.在乌栅土上,仅As和Pb-Cd-As处理与对照相比明显降低了稻谷产量,而所有复合处理均降低了稻草产量,且对稻草产量影响要大于其对稻谷产量的影响.在青紫泥上各处理影响较小.Cd-As、Pb-Cd和Pbr-Cd-As处理红壤其稻米Cd含量较Cd单独存在时分别增加了15.7%、11.5%和25.6%;红壤上Pb处理显著增加了稻米Pb的含量.但Pb-As处理降低了稻米Pb含量.稻米中重金属含量在3种不同性质土壤上的含量大小顺序为:红壤>青紫泥>乌栅土.  相似文献   

稻-鱼系统的发展与未来思考   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

胡亮亮  唐建军  张剑  任伟征  郭梁  Matthias Halwart  李可心  朱泽闻  钱银龙  吴敏芳  陈欣 《中国生态农业学报》2015,23(3):268-275

耕地和淡水是保证全球食物可持续供应所必不可少的资源,如何有效利用有限的水土资源、在保障食物供给的同时降低农业生产过程对资源环境的负面影响,是当今世界农业面临的重大挑战。稻-鱼系统(本文的"鱼"是水产生物的统称)是通过有效利用水土资源同时产出稻谷和水产品的重要农业方式,对保障区域食物供给和保护当地资源和环境有重要作用。近几十年来全球稻鱼-系统迅速发展,至目前全球六大洲的稻作区共28个国家都有了稻-鱼系统的分布;在中国稻-鱼系统也正由原来传统、规模小、养殖单一的模式逐渐发展为规模化、专业化、机械化和养殖多样化的模式。大量研究表明,稻-鱼系统可实现水稻产量稳定和获得水产品,稻-鱼系统同时具有化肥农药减量和农业面源污染降低等效应;稻-鱼系统也有助于解决水产单一养殖而产生的面源污染。虽然全球1.63亿hm2稻田面积90%以上具有发展稻-鱼系统的潜力,但目前稻-鱼系统的比例仍很低,我国稻-鱼系统面积也仅占稻田面积的4.48%。因此,保障稳产高效可持续的稻-鱼系统发展,需要对不同稻作区发展稻-鱼系统的生态经济可行性和适应性进行评估,同时必须建立新的技术体系(田间设施、种养结合技术、农业机械等),并适当扩大规模和创建品牌以增加农民收益。  相似文献   

水稻生产机械专利技术分析     

李静  王贺  解保胜  那永光  袁亚莉 《北方水稻》2014,(3):36-38

在水稻生产机械的产业化中,相关的知识产权问题乃是众多法律问题中的基础性问题,而所进行的与水稻生产机械相关的专利权检索则为黑龙江省制定相应的知识产权战略提供了基础性数据,使最终的战略制定更为科学。在对相应检索范围进行框定,检索数据进行筛选、整理与分析的基础上,得出相应的科学结论,并从如何提高黑龙江省专利申请水平、加强各方主体的职能与合作、保护农民权益等角度提出了建议。  相似文献   

水稻‘越光’品种的“前世今生”     

王伍梅  王辉  张效忠  杜士云 《农学学报》2021,11(6):1-5

‘越光’是一种短园粒水稻品种,自1953年在日本一开始推广种植,就是日本人最喜欢的大米。即使大面积推广种植50多年之后的现在,由于其米质优良和长期形成的消费口碑,也依然是日本水稻最大种植推广品种。为全面了解‘越光’品种育种过程和其特有的农艺性状以及控制有利性状基因组信息,我们以“Koshihikari: a premium short-grain ricecultivar - its expansion and breeding in Japan”文章为最主要参考文献并加以摘译,对其历史进行梳理,同时对当前中国优质稻育种提出了个人的思考。  相似文献   

浅析我国水稻育种的发展趋势     

于洪兰  肖艳云  魏立军  谢辉  曲丽君  华泽田  关峰  东丽  蔡卓  王成 《杂粮作物》2014,(8)

该文结合国内外水稻育种的现状,简要分析了我国水稻育种的发展趋势,提出适应未来5—10年产业发展的需求及符合消费市场稻米品质高端化发展,并对满足现代种业发展对科研组织模式、机制改革及相关政策的需求进行介绍。  相似文献   

RNA-Seq Study Reveals AP2-Domain-Containing Signalling Regulators Involved in Initial Imbibition of Seed Germination in Rice     

Yongqi He  Jia Zhao  Defeng Feng  Zhibo Huang  Jiaming Liang  Yufei Zheng  Jinping Cheng  Jifeng Ying  Zhoufei Wang 《水稻科学》2020,27(4):302-314

  相似文献   

Localization of amino acids in germinated rice grain: Gamma-aminobutyric acid and essential amino acids production approach     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

Germinated rice is popularly consumed for its high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and bioactive compounds. Supporting information on how to germinate rice with high GABA content and essential amino acids is lacking. White and colored rough rice were germinated for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. GABA, GABA substrates and essential amino acids were also investigated using GC-MS and MALDI-MSI. GABA was more concentrated after germination and shifted into the coleoptile. High correlation was recorded between germination time and GABA (0.79–0.83, p ≤ 0.01) and glutamic acid (0.88–0.89, p ≤ 0.01). Highest rates of GABA and glutamic production were observed within 48 h of germination in both rice varieties (26.12 and 34.28 mg/100g) and reached maximum value at 96 h (31.36 and 38.75 mg/100g). Colored rice germination showed higher GABA, GABA substrates and deficient amino acids than white rice. GABA and essential amino acids drastically increased after germination, supporting the consumption of germinated rice as a functional food.  相似文献   

Comparison of different rice flour- and wheat flour-based butter cookies for acrylamide formation     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

Acrylamide (AcA) contents of different rice flour- and wheat flour-based butter cookies baked at 130 °C for 20, 55, or 90 min were investigated. AcA contents of different flour-based cookies increased with baking time. Color parameters in terms of CIE L*, b*, C*, and ΔE values showed significant opposite correlation to the AcA formation in each of the raw flour cookie. The cookies based on white rice flour had the lowest AcA contents ranging from not detectable (ND) to 204 μg/kg, followed by cookies based on brown rice flour (ND to 450 μg/kg), white wheat flour (155 μg/kg to 661 μg/kg), and whole wheat flour (306 μg/kg to 982 μg/kg). Considerably lower AcA levels were found in the rice flour-based cookies than in the wheat flour-based cookies, as well as in the milled flour-based cookies than in the whole-grain cookies. Although the flour source was considered to play a primary role in determining the AcA content, AcA content was apparently not dependent on the quantities of reducing sugars and free asparagine in the starting raw flour and cookies during baking. In summary, given its reducing potential for AcA formation, rice flour could be used in the production of cookies safe from heat-induced contaminants.  相似文献