城市热岛效应对甘肃省庆阳市气温的影响     

王位泰张天峰  蒲金涌袁志鹏姜惠峰  焦美龄黄斌 《中国农学通报》2011,27(32):304-309

为了鉴别人类活动,特别是气象观测环境城市化对气温变化趋势和定量变化的影响特点,以达到客观分析气候变暖的目的,笔者利用1952-2009年西峰、平凉与1968-2009年环县气温资料,以位于甘肃省庆阳市的西峰基准站1997年观测环境明显城市化为界限,通过计算分析气候趋势系数和线性回归方程倾向率等,判别城市热岛效应对西峰站气温序列的影响作用。结果表明：西峰基准站的年平均气温和年平均最低气温的变暖趋势比平凉和环县更为明显;西峰年平均最高气温在南北方向上与平凉和环县比较,并无一致性显著影响。西峰站年平均气温线性倾向率分别比平凉站、环县增加0.051℃/10 a、0.111℃/10 a;西峰站年平均最低气温线性倾向率分别比平凉站、环县站增加0.279℃/10 a、0.478/10 a;就年平均最高气温的线性倾向率而言,与环县相比,城市化环境对西峰具有一定的影响,西峰与平凉站相比无明显差别。关键词：观测环境;城市化;气温;均一性;影响.  相似文献   

对丰富北京园林树木品种的探讨     

顾琴霞 《农业科技与信息》2009,(1)

北京有十分丰富的园林树木资源。由于各种原因,这些园林树木资源并没有得到充分的利用。为了提高北京的绿化水平,我们应当努力开发利用这些资源。当前气候的变暖;城市中高大建筑物的增加;绿化施工、养护中新技术的应用为新优园林植物在绿地中生长创造了有利条件。我们应当利用这些有利条件,在苗圃中努力繁育那些在北京能够生长,但在园林绿化中很少应用的树种。并加强科研成果的推广,在绿化设计中大胆使用新优园林植物,把北京的园林绿化搞得更好。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫对不同海岛棉品种生长发育影响的研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

宋继辉  万素梅 《新疆农业科学》2009,46(2):252

通过盆栽控水称重法试验研究5个海岛棉品种在正常供水、中度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫下的耗水量.对5个棉花品种地上部分的测量及分析,结果表明:海岛棉品种193在3个水分处理条件下的茎粗、节间数和株高表现突出,生长发育快,对缺水不敏感,属于抗旱型品种.TH-45在3个水分处理条件下的茎粗、叶片数和株高这三个性状较显著,生长发育快,对缺水不敏感,属于中度抗旱型品种.而新海14号相对其它棉花品种地上部分各个性状生长发育较慢,对缺水敏感,是耗水型品种.  相似文献   

云计算在农业信息资源整合模式中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹丽英  张晓贤  赵月玲  陈桂芬 《中国农机化》2012,(3):141-144

为了解决农业信息资源整合建设过程中的共知、共建和共享问题,将云计算模型引入农业信息资源整合建设中。本文在介绍云计算概念、特点、体系结构及应用模式的基础上,分析云计算环境下农业信息资源整合的实现机制。该方法的提出对于解决农业信息化建设工作中存在的"信息孤岛"和"重复建设"等问题具有重大的意义。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛土壤甲螨群落种类组成及区系分析     

付颖  郭建军 《贵州农业科学》2011,39(1)

为保护和修复黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛的生态系统,于2008年5—10月对其土壤甲螨进行了调查。结果显示,共获得标本2 457头,隶属于30科46属52种,其中优势种有3个:覆盖头甲螨、盛若甲螨和大洋上罗甲螨。对39个已知种进行区系分析,华北区与华中区重叠率最高(89.7%),其次是与东北区和华南区,再次是与西南区和蒙新区,与青藏区重叠率最低(0)。黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛土壤甲螨在中国动物地理区划中的归属类型多样,多数甲螨分布较广。  相似文献   

海南岛外来入侵生物分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周祖光 《安徽农业科学》2011,(13):8072-8074

据调查,海南岛外来入侵生物已达近200种,对当地生物多样性和农林牧渔业造成了严重的影响。随着旅游、商贸和工农业等的迅速发展,外来入侵生物将会越来越多,对生态系统的影响将会更加严重。  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的海南岛干呈监测研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李海亮  田光辉  刘海清 《广东农业科学》2011,38(6):204-206

利用NASA提供的MODIS陆地产品NDVI和LST,采用植被供水指数法对海南岛2010年1～4月的地表干旱情况进行遥感监测,将监测结果与同期的综合气象干旱指数对比分析。结果表明:对于植被覆盖度较高的热带岛屿海南岛,利用植被供水指数进行干旱的动态监测是可行的,MODIS数据可很好地满足大范围的实时动态监测。2010年1～4月间VSWI遥感监测分析显示海南岛地表干旱存在着明显的区域差异,西南沿海比中东部严重,在此期间干旱有持续加重的发展趋势。  相似文献   

Net choice is key to the augmentorium technique of fruit fly sequestration and parasitoid release     

Jean-Philippe Deguine  Toulassi Atiama-NurbelSerge Quilici 《Crop Protection》2011,30(2):198-202

In Reunion Island, tephritid fruit flies are the main pests of fruit and vegetable crops, causing severe yield losses. Instead of the curative approach to reducing populations, this study focused on a particular sanitation technique, which forms the basis of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in this context, using a tent-like structure called an “augmentorium” the aim of which is to contribute to controlling these pests. This structure sequesters adult flies emerging from infested fruit while allowing the parasitoids to escape, via a net placed at the top of the structure. The size of four nets was tested in the laboratory in order to include the most effective one in an augmentorium prototype adapted to the conditions of Reunion Island. The mesh finally selected (hole area 3.00 mm²) proved to be perfectly effective with 100% sequestration of adult flies (Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera zonata). In addition, 100% of the parasitoids (Fopius arisanus and Psyttalia fletcheri) were able to escape from the cage through the mesh if they chose to do so. Farmers were enthusiastic about using the augmentorium prototype. Implications for the use of this technique in Reunion Island are discussed.  相似文献   

Degradation of the urban ecosystem function due to soil sealing: involvement in the heat island phenomenon and hydrologic cycle in the Tokyo metropolitan area     

Tomoyoshi Murata  Nobuo Kawai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):145-155

ABSTRACT

We reviewed the role of the soil function of urban green space in mitigating the heat island phenomenon and urban flood damage, which are important issues in the modern urban environment. Urban sprawl has progressed remarkably in the southern part of the Kanto District of Japan, especially since the 1960s. The grassland/bare land area ratio in the center of Tokyo was more than 70% in the 1930s but less than 40% in 1990. On the other hand, the paving area ratio was ~2% in the 1930s but more than 10 times that amount in 1990. Thus, cities, such as Tokyo, in the southern part of the Kanto District have been significantly sealed soil throughout time, and the heat island phenomenon has intensified. Urban green space helps to mitigate the heat island phenomenon based on the water retention and heat dissipation function of plants and unsealed soil. A cool island effect was reported during summer days in urban green spaces in Tokyo. The mitigation of the heat island effect seems to be large, even when conditions, such as the park area, land use, afforestation area ratio, and soil type, differ. Soil sealing and compaction affect urban flooding by hindering the penetration of rainwater and increasing surface runoff. According to a survey in the hilly basin (1 km²) of the western part of Tokyo, the proportion of farm- and forestland decreased due to development. The urban area increased from ~10% in the 1970s to ~60% in the 1980s. As a result, the flood arrival time shortened. Green spaces have a high rainwater permeability. The forest soil structure and presence of O horizons further increase the permeability. By promoting permeability to the underground, it is possible to reduce and delay the water runoff on the land surface. To develop urban green space as green infrastructure, it is necessary to accumulate more information on the current situation and agenda for the future of urban green space.  相似文献   

海岛棉与陆地棉干物质积累与氮素吸收分配的特点     

李春艳  文如意  石洪亮  严青青  张巨松 《干旱地区农业研究》2017,35(5):175-181

以新陆中75号、新陆中54号、新海35号和新海48号为材料,研究陆地棉与海岛棉在相同管理条件下干物质积累与氮素吸收分配的特点。结果表明:陆地棉干物质积累总量在全生育期内均高于海岛棉,生殖器官干物质所占比例在生育前期小于海岛棉,后期逐渐大于海岛棉;氮素积累总量在全生育期内陆地棉均大于海岛棉,生殖器官氮素积累比例在生育前期为陆地棉小于海岛棉,后期逐渐大于海岛棉。与陆地棉相比海岛棉营养器官干物质以及氮素积累比例较大,不利于生育后期生殖器官干物质的积累与分配,从而影响棉花产量。因此,在大田管理中应注意在生育后期加强对海岛棉的水肥管理。  相似文献