日本落叶松人工林生长预测的全林分模型研究     

马友平  马家龙  黄咏梅 《河北林果研究》2002,17(4):303-306

以长岭岗林场日本落叶松人工林中的固定样地以及临时样地调查数据为基础，从模型间的相容性出发，建立了包含立地指数SI、林分密度SDI、林分断面积生长模型、树高曲线动态模型和林分收获模型的全林分模型系统，着重探讨了用Korf方程构造林分断面积生长模型时有关参数与SI和SDI的关系。  相似文献   

Allometric model of the Reineke equation for Japanese cypress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis>) and red pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis>) stands     

Akio?InoueEmail author  Marie?Miyake  Tomohiro?Nishizono 《Journal of Forest Research》2004,9(4):319-324

An allometric model that explains the mechanism of the difference in the slope of the Reineke equation (A) among species was proposed based on the allometric relationships of mean tree height (H) to quadratic mean diameter D (H ∝ D ^θ ) and stand density N (H ∝ N ^δ ), i.e., A = θ/δ. The proposed model was fitted to Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands. The allometric exponents θ and δ were, respectively, 0.8995 and −0.5000 for cypress and 0.8612 and −0.6619 for pine. The difference between cypress and pine was significant for δ but not for θ. Inserting the exponents into the model resulted in predicted slopes of −1.7991 for cypress and −1.3011 for pine. The difference in the slope of the Reineke equation between the two species was produced by characteristics related to the tree crown, rather than characteristics related to stem slenderness. The proposed model enables us to estimate the slope of the Reineke equation from commonly measured stand attributes, such as mean tree height and quadratic mean diameter. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be practical and convenient for estimating the slope of the Reineke equation and for explaining the mechanism of its variation among species. The model should be also accepted as a generalized model of the stand density versus quadratic mean diameter relationship, whereas the original Reineke equation should be seen as a specific case of this model.  相似文献   

Criterion for estimating humidity control capacity of materials in a room     

Toshiro Morooka  Yoko Homma  Misato Norimoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(3):192-198

As a measure of estimating humidity control capacity of materials in an airtight room under sinusoidal temperature variation, we used the Cb value, which is the ratio of the range of variation in relative humidity in a steel box lined with the material of interest to the range in an empty steel box. In order to clarify the factors that affect the Cb value, we focused on both the temperature variation rate and the area that is lined in the box. It was found that changing the rate of temperature variation over one period strongly affected the Cb value, although the amplitude of temperature variation did not. We further noticed that the difference between the time when peak temperature was reached and the time when peak absolute humidity was reached (peak time difference), was found to be useful for estimating the humidity control capacity of materials. Knowing the difference between the phase when peak temperature was reached and the phase when peak absolute humidity was reached (phase angle difference) was also useful. Because the Cb value was affected by both the variation period and the lined area in the box, we can draw a contour diagram of the period and the lined area for materials to give an overview of the humidity control capacity of a material. The materials of primary interest in this study were Japanese cedar and porous ceramics.  相似文献   

Assessing raindrop impact energy at the forest floor in a mature Japanese cypress plantation using continuous raindrop-sizing instruments     

Kazuki?NankoEmail author  Norifumi?Hotta  Masakazu?Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2004,9(2):157-164

The raindrop size distribution of throughfall and open rainfall was monitored continuously during a rainfall event using laser raindrop-sizing instruments (LD gauges), in order to calculate the raindrop impact energy in a plantation of mature Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), where surface erosion at the forest floor had been a problem. Data from two rainfall events were analyzed. The LD gauges recorded qualitative raindrop size distribution, and the capture rate during each rainfall event was used to manipulate raindrop data quantitatively. Throughfall and open rainfall comparisons revealed several important differences. First, throughfall raindrops were fewer in number and larger in size than open rainfall drops. In one rainfall event, for example, throughfall raindrops were less than one-fifth as frequent as open rainfall raindrops; in addition, the maximum throughfall raindrop diameter was 6.35mm compared to 3.31mm for open rainfall raindrops. Second, throughfall raindrops that were larger than the largest open rainfall raindrops comprised 63.8% of the throughfall precipitation by volume. Third, total raindrop impact energy from throughfall was over twice that of open rainfall. Moreover, comparison of throughfall events implied that throughfall raindrops did not always have a uniform distribution between different events or among different periods of time in one rainfall event, in contrast to findings in previous studies which showed that throughfall raindrops had a uniform size distribution independent of rainfall intensity. It is possible that an abrupt transition of throughfall intensity from low to high changes the distribution of throughfall raindrops.  相似文献   

Sorption of Cr(VI) on the wood of Japanese larch treated with concentrated sulfuric acid     

Masakazu Aoyama  Shingo Saito  Masaaki Tagami 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(6):545-549

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO ₄ ⁻ with the active sites of the sorbent.  相似文献   

Removal of trichloroethylene from aqueous solution by pyrolyzed Japanese cedar bark     

Yasuji Kurimoto  Shuichi Doi  Masakazu Aoyama 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(1):76-79

The bark of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) was heated in an N₂ atmosphere at 300–900C for 3h to investigate the surface properties of the pyrolyzed residuces and their ability to remove trichloroethylene (TCE) from aqueous solutions. The specific surface areas (S _N) and total pore volumes (V _N) of the pyrolyzed barks steadily increased with rising pyrolysis temperature; no significant differences in the average pore diameters (D _N) were observed at higher temperatures (600–900C). The adsorption capacities of the pyrolyzed residues for TCE were determined under batch mode conditions using an aqueous solution containing 500g TCE dm^–3. The adsorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacity of the bark pyrolyzed at 900C was about five times larger than that of commercial activated carbon.This study was presented at the 10th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Yokohama, June 1999  相似文献   

Genetic improvement in pine wilt disease resistance inPinus thunbergii: The effectiveness of pre-screening with an artificial inoculation at the nursery     

Tadao Toda  Susumu Kurinobu 《Journal of Forest Research》2001,6(3):197-201

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.  相似文献   

日本落叶松在旺苍县引种栽培初步研究     

罗小林  万云 《四川林勘设计》2003,(1):10-13

通过对旺苍县盐井河采育场10多年来引种栽培日本落叶松的结果与旺苍县外其它地区的引种栽培试验结果和本地华山松的生长情况进行对比分析，证明引种是成功的，进一步探讨了日本落叶松在旺苍的引种效果和生态适应性，提出了旺苍自然地理分布的引种适生区，是旺苍北部中山区主要速生造林树种之一。  相似文献   

Optimum planting density for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var.grosseserrata) based on spacing experiment with systematic design     

Morio Imada  Takashi Kunisaki  Nobuya Mizoue  Yukio Teraoka 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(2):89-93

A spacing experiment for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var.grosseserrata) with Nelder's design have been studied at the Kyushu University Forest in Hokkaido, since 1975. The oak seedlings were planted according to systematic spacings which were 20 levels varying gradually from 40,816 to 1,086 seedlings per hectare with concentric circular arcs (22 in number) and spokes (41 in number). In 1992 when the planted oak seedlings were 18-year-old, DBH, crown diameter, total height and clear length of the survival trees were measured. Based on the results obtained from analyzing the relationships between planting density and the mean values of each block, the optimum planting density should be 7,241 seedlings per hectare. The title is tentative translation from the original Japanese title by the authors of this paper.  相似文献   

Genotypic effects on the variation of wood quality and growth traits in plantation forest made by cutting cultivars of Japanese cedar     

Katsuhiko Takata  Yukio Teraoka 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(2):106-113

We studied the effect of genotypes of planting stocks regarding the variation of the modulus of elasticity of tree trunks on standing trees (trunk-MOE), tree height (TH), and diameter at breast height (DBH) in a 19-year-old Japanese cedar plantation made with root cuttings. Trunk-MOE was assessed nondestructively using a tree-bending method. Genotypes of individual trees were detected using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. RAPD analysis revealed that the sampled plantation consisted of 14 genotypes. Genotypic effects on DBH and TH were unclear, and there was no significant difference among genotypes. This result indicated that an acquired variation should have more influence than an inherited variation on DBH and TH. For trunk-MOE, there were significant differences among the four largest genotypes at the 5% level. However the coefficient of variation in trunk-MOE of each genotype ranged from 7.5% to 26.8%. It seems reasonable to assume that the wide variation in trunk-MOE in a sampled plantation may depend on the environmental effect within a clone as well as on the genetic origin of clones. We therefore conclude that the use of multiple planting stocks from different cuttings for which the wood quality is unknown contributed strongly to the wide variation in trunk-MOE in the plantation of Japanese cedar.  相似文献