Prallethrin induced serum biochemical changes in Wistar rats     

A. Akhtar  A.A. Deshmukh 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(2):160-168

The present study was designed as a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent. All the rats were randomly divided into five groups (C1, C2, T1, T2 and T3) each containing 10 Wistar rats (5 male and 5 female). Group C1 served as control as no treatment was administered. Group C2 was administered groundnut oil (1 ml/100 g b.wt) and served as vehicle control. Group T1 was put on high dose 153.33 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/3), while group T2 received intermediate dose of 92 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/5), and group T3 was administered low dose of 46 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/10) of Prallethrin suspended in 1 ml/100 g b.wt of groundnut oil. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of the experiment for measurement of serum glucose, serum urea, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). According to data obtained on the 7th day of the study, no statistically significant change in any of the treatment groups was observed as compared to the control group. On the 14th day of the study, in comparison to the control group, triglyceride level and ALP activity were found to be significantly increased in the group T1 female and group T1 male rats respectively. On the 21st day of the study, compared to the controls, significant increase in cholesterol and ALP levels were present in both T1 and T2 females and in addition to this total protein and triglycerides levels were also significantly increased in group T1 female rats. In group T1 male total protein, triglycerides, ALT and ALP activity was found to be increased significantly as compared to healthy control group. On the 28th day, all the recorded biochemical parameters were found to be significantly increased, except BUN and AST in group T1 female rats. In group T2 female rats, significantly increased cholesterol, ALT and ALP levels were observed. In group T3 female rats, none of the parameters were found to be significantly affected. Among male rats, only total protein level was found to be increased in groups T2 and T3. Whereas, total protein, triglyceride, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in group T1 male rats at the end of the study. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that subacute oral administration of Prallethrin; at dose levels of 1/3 LD50 and 1/5 LD50 for 28 days induces moderate toxic effects on different biochemical parameters.  相似文献   

沟灌土壤入渗参数和糙率估算及灌水技术要素组合研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂卫波  费良军  马孝义 《干旱地区农业研究》2012,30(1):48-53

以SIPAR_ID模型为基础,利用水流推进资料估算了大田沟灌土壤入渗参数和糙率值,克服了以往采用水量平衡模型估算土壤入渗参数和糙率值时一些不合理的假设条件,且工作量大的缺点。用估算结果模拟了沟灌水流推进过程以及沟首水深数据,结果表明各试验点水流推进过程误差绝对值的均值分别为4.06%、4.57%和4.47%,沟首水深误差绝对值的均值分别为8.07%、10.26%和8.49%,说明采用SIPAR ID模型估算土壤入渗参数和糙率值是可行的,具有高的估算精度。根据估算的土壤入渗参数和糙率值,采用WinSRFR模型模拟了研究区域各试验点的沟灌灌水质量,提出了各试验点理论需水量分别为60 mm、80 mm和100 mm条件下合理的沟灌灌水技术要素组合,其灌水效率和灌水均匀度均在85%以上,表明可获得高的灌水质量,达到常规沟灌节水的目的。  相似文献   

Life history parameters and scale-cover surface area of Aonidiella aurantii are altered in a mating disruption environment: implications for biological control     

Vanaclocha P  Vacas S  Alfaro C  Primo J  Verdú MJ  Navarro-Llopis V  Urbaneja A 《Pest management science》2012,68(7):1092-1097

BACKGROUND: In recent years, environmentally safe measures to control the California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), have been successfully implemented. These measures include mating disruption (MD) and biological control. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of high concentrations of the CRS sex pheromone on its life history parameters and scale‐cover surface area under controlled laboratory conditions. RESULTS: The developmental time of both males and females of CRS increased with exposure to airborne pheromone. MD had an effect on both the total number of progeny and on the crawler production period for females. Accordingly, demographic parameters such as net fecundity (R₀) and intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) were significantly lower in the pheromone‐treated populations. The largest scale‐cover surface areas were observed in the CRS reared in the pheromone environment. CONCLUSION: A clear influence of airborne pheromone on the biology of CRS has been demonstrated. In addition to the classical mating disruption benefits of this technique, additional benefits, such as increase in the duration of exposure to natural enemies and increase in size, which benefits some species of parasitoids, have been confirmed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

HLG-55型基质混料机主要技术特征参数研究     

魏俞涌  魏德云  盛奎川 《安徽农业科学》2012,(18):9601-9602,9620

[目的]确定HLG-55型基质混料机主要技术参数。[方法]着重分析HLG-55型基质混料机的混合均匀度、生产率和可靠性系数等性能指标。[结果]该设备装载量为0.55 m3/批,生产能力为3.5～5.5 m3/h,混合均匀度达到95%;基质混合均匀,生产率高,使用可靠,操作方便,劳动强度低。[结论]HLG-55型基质混料机不仅能将一定配比的各种基质原料均匀混合,而且可根据需要在搅拌的同时喷淋适量的水,使基质达到适宜的含水率。  相似文献   

不同特性水稻品种灌浆期叶绿素含量及荧光特性的比较     

解文孝  韩勇  李建国  刘博  姜秀英  刘军 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(22):11193-11195

[目的]比较分析辽宁省不同特性水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种灌浆期叶绿素含量及荧光特性,为筛选及选育高光能利用率和耐光抑制的优良水稻品种提供科学依据。[方法]以辽粳9、辽优1106、东壮2号3个辽宁省水稻品种为材料,利用便携式叶绿素仪和调制荧光仪MINI-PAM测定自然条件下灌浆结实期叶绿素含量及荧光参数Ft、Fm'、Yield、ETR、qP的变化情况。[结果]在叶绿素含量上,辽粳9、东壮2号整个灌浆期始终保持较高的水平,但辽优1106灌浆中后期迅速下降。叶绿素荧光参数值总体上辽粳9、东壮2号灌浆各时期变化平缓,且趋于一致,辽粳9均略高于东壮2号;而辽优1106荧光参数中除Fm'和qP与上述2个品种变化趋势相同外,其他参数均表现出灌浆中后期急剧下降。[结论]杂交稻辽优1106和东壮2号中后期的光适应能力较弱,光能利用率急速下降;辽粳9对整个灌浆期的光适应能力及光合利用率最高。  相似文献   

椰壳热解动力学分析     

刘雪梅  蒋剑春  孙康  徐凡  许玉 《安徽农业科学》2012,(27):13540-13542

[目的]研究椰壳热解及动力学。[方法]在不同热解速率(5、10、20 K/min)下对椰壳原料进行热重分析,并对热解过程进行了动力学分析。[结果]椰壳热解可分为水分损失阶段、热裂解阶段、热缩聚阶段3个阶段。椰壳热解阶段可以用一级动力学模型表示,随着热解速率增加,热解第1阶段活化能增加,第2阶段活化能降低。[结论]该研究为生物质能的推广应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

硒对粗壮女贞生理特性及叶绿素荧光参数的调控效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁波  王德炉 《河南农业科学》2012,41(7):58-61

采用国际上通用的营养液配方对粗壮女贞进行了砂培盆栽试验,研究了硒对粗壮女贞生理特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:硒对粗壮女贞叶片叶绿素含量有显著影响,Chl a和Chl b含量随着硒质量浓度的增加而下降,表明高质量浓度硒抑制了粗壮女贞的光合作用。胡萝卜素(Car)和Chl a/b含量随着硒质量浓度的增加先减小后增加,并分别在硒质量浓度为1mg/L和3mg/L时最低。丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性随着硒质量浓度的增加呈先减小后增加的变化,在硒质量浓度为1mg/L时最低。根系活力先增强后逐渐减弱,在质量浓度为1mg/L时最强。Fo、Fv和Fm′随着硒质量浓度的增加显著降低,Fv/Fm和NPQ呈先减小后增大的趋势,HDR则先增大后逐渐降低。研究认为,质量浓度为1mg/L的硒处理能增强粗壮女贞的抗氧化能力,提高粗壮女贞的光合能力。  相似文献   

全混合日粮营养水平和粒度对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响     

谭建华  袁玖  李发弟  李冲  马友记  郑琛  汪晓娟  郭江鹏  于杰  高天喜  陈煌合 《甘肃农业大学学报》2012,(1):32-40

选24只空怀期小尾寒羊母羊,采用2×2二因子析因试验设计,研究了不同营养水平(A11.0倍中国肉羊饲养标准、A21.5倍中国肉羊饲养标准),不同粒度(B1不粉碎、B2粉碎)全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响.结果表明:食后2～8h,绵羊瘤胃液pH先降低后升高,在6.21～6.80之间波动,1.5倍营养水平极显著降低了绵羊食后2h和4h的瘤胃液pH(P<0.01),显著降低了绵羊食后6h的瘤胃液pH(P<0.05).在各时间点,采食1.5倍营养水平TMR的绵羊瘤胃液总氮、尿素氮和蛋白氮浓度,极显著高于采食1.0倍营养水平TMR的绵羊(P<0.01).在食前、食后2h和4h,采食含1.5倍营养水平TMR的绵羊瘤胃液氨氮浓度极显著高于采食含1.0倍营养水平TMR的绵羊(P<0.01).在食后2、4、6h,采食粉碎TMR的绵羊瘤胃液氨氮浓度显著低于采食未粉碎TMR的绵羊(P<0.05),但瘤胃液尿素氮浓度变化规律却相反(P<0.05).采食1.0倍营养水平和未粉碎TMR的绵羊瘤胃液挥发性总酸含量极显著高于采食1.5倍营养水平和粉碎TMR的绵羊(P<0.01).据此认为:绵羊饲喂TMR,瘤胃液pH波动范围较小,有利于维持瘤胃内环境的平衡;饲喂1.5倍营养水平TMR,绵羊瘤胃液总氮、氨态氮、尿素氮和蛋白氮浓度升高,促进瘤胃微生物发酵,有利于提高绵羊生产性能.饲喂粉碎TMR,绵羊瘤胃液总氮、蛋白氮和尿素氮浓度升高,氨态氮浓度显著降低,微生物对蛋白的分解减少,过瘤胃蛋白的比例增加,从而提高了蛋白质利用率.  相似文献   

热致漂白效应对非晶Ge₃₄Ga₂S₆₄薄膜结构和光学特性的影响     

陈昱  沈祥  王国祥  付晶  陈芬  李军  张巍  林常规  戴世勋  徐铁峰  聂秋华 《勤云标准版测试》2012,32(4):718-723

采用热蒸发法技术沉积Ge34Ga2S64非晶薄膜,并对薄膜样品在375℃热处理2h。通过分光光度计、表面轮廓仪和显微拉曼光谱仪测试热处理前后薄膜样品的透过曲线、薄膜厚度和拉曼结构。利用薄膜干涉曲线的波峰和波谷计算了薄膜的厚度和折射率,并根据Swanepoel方法以及Tauc公式分别计算了薄膜折射率色散曲线和光学带隙等参数。结果表明,Ge34Ga2S64非晶薄膜经热处理后发生热致漂白效应,大分子团簇以及Ge-Ge、S-S同极错键含量明显减少,网络结构无序性降低,从而引起薄膜的光学吸收边蓝移、折射率降低、表面粗糙度(Ra)降低0.515nm和光学带隙增大0.118eV。  相似文献   

基于重量法的畜禽粪肥全盐量测定方法          下载免费PDF全文

宋建超  王棱  陶秀萍  刘壮壮  刘崇涛  李洋洋 《农业工程学报》2023,39(24):245-253

针对农用固体粪肥（畜禽粪肥）全盐量/水溶性盐总量的检测方法缺乏标准化、测定方法和步骤不统一的问题，开展了重量法测定畜禽粪肥中全盐量的试验研究并验证了新方法的可行性，旨在为农业生产提供更准确、可靠的畜禽粪肥质量评估手段。首先通过完全随机试验开展样水比例、振荡参数、浸提方式、浸出液吸取量的参数优化研究，其次对全盐量影响较大的参数（振荡频率、离心时间和浸出液吸取量）采用正交试验设计形成9个处理进一步优化粪肥浸出液提取条件，最后开展加标回收试验考察方法精密度和准确度。结果表明，以畜禽固体粪污为主要来源直接使用或发酵后供农业使用的畜禽粪肥中全盐量/水溶性盐总量为0～3%时，其测定的最佳参数条件是样水比为1:5、振荡参数为150 r/min和3 min、离心参数为4 000 r/min和8 min、浸出液吸取量为20～50 mL；采用重量法在该参数条件下测定6种不同类型的畜禽粪肥样品中全盐量，相对标准偏差在3.7%～13.8%、加标回收率在89.0%～106.1%，能够满足实验室分析质量控制要求。该方法试剂用量少、节约成本、准确度和精密度好，可大批量用于畜禽粪肥全盐量测试提高效率。  相似文献