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Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass. 相似文献
43.
文章阐述了塞罕坝湿地资源现状调查方法,并以调查资料为依据,以湿地类型、野生动植物资源状况为主要内容,分析了塞罕坝湿地资源现状和基本特征,并结合湿地所处社会环境等,提出了塞罕坝湿地的保护对策,为塞罕坝湿地保护与恢复提供基础支撑。 相似文献
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建国以来,中国城镇化发展经历了六个阶段,呈现出波状起伏、落后于世界水平、依靠政府推动、区域不平衡等特点。城镇化进程中土地利用存在“寅吃卯粮”、农村土地收益流向城镇、土地资源过度开发、耕地健康水平下降、土地政策基本取向难以实现等问题。新型城镇化背景下耕地保护必须有新思维:降低土地消耗强度,提高土地利用效益;建立与农业适度规模经营相适应的农地流转新机制;实施耕地健康养护工程,保障安全食品供给;制定涉地指标省域内跨市有偿调剂和“地随人走”的政策。 相似文献
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对河南郏县文庙片区的环境背景进行了分析,立足于其核心历史价值,对片区进行了详细规划设计。将片区的核心历史文化特色通过设计,在建筑、景观等层面表达出来,在保护古建筑的同时,借其核心优势,驱动整个片区的经济,并将部分收益返回来用于保护历史遗迹。通过案例的解析来阐明历史文化资源的有效保护利用手段。 相似文献
48.
Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management. 相似文献
49.
顾明 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2013,23(2):23-25
金融消费者是为生活消费需要而购买、使用金融商品或接受金融服务的人,具有追求盈利最大化、抗风险能力差以及弱势地位突出等特点。现阶段我国有关金融消费者权益保护方面的工作同发达国家相比还很不完善,存在缺乏专项立法、相关法律滞后、缺乏专业纠纷解决机制以及对金融消费者合法权益保护不到位等问题,急需国家相关部门出台相关政策文件改善和解决。 相似文献
50.